Electronic Spreadsheet
SPREADSHEET: A spreadsheet is a grid which interactively manages and
organizes data in rows and columns. It is also called as Electronic
Spreadsheet. It can also store, manipulate and create graphical
representations of data.
It is used for managing financial and accounting documents, creating data
reports, generating Invoices, and for doing a variety of calculations on data
etc.
Advantages of Spreadsheet: There are various advantages of
spreadsheet software.
1 spreadsheet software can create graphical representations of data.
2. It can be used to calculate and analyze the data for decision making.
3. It also provide built-in formulae and functions for common mathematical,
financial, statistical operations.
4. It is widely used for data analysis and accounting applications.
Examples of Spreadsheet software - some of the examples are:-
1. Microsoft Excel
2. LibreOffice Calc
3. OpenOffice Calc
4. Apple Inc. Numbers
LireOffice Calc is used to perform the following activities accurately and
efficiently.
1. Tabulation of data
2. Simple mathematical calculations.
3. Complex calculations using formula and functions.
4. Arranging data in ascending and descending order.
5. Filtering the required data.
6. Check the validity of data.
7. Protection of data using passwords.
8. Saving for future use.
Starting libreOffice Calc: libreOffice Calc is the spreadsheet application of
LibreOffice suite. In Linux (Ubuntu) operating system, the LibreOffice gets
installed by default. In Windows, you need to download UbreOffice from its
official website and install it on your computer.
Title bar: The Title bar, located at the top, shows the name of the current
spreadsheet. The first created spreadsheet takes the name as Untitled 1,
second is Untitled 2 and so on.
Menu bar Menu bar is located just below the litle bar. It contains the menus
with. Commands for various tasks.
Toolbars:- The Calc opens with the Standard and Formatting toolbars at the
top of the workspace by default. These toolbar provide a wide range of
common commands and functions. Placing the mouse cursor over any icon
displays a small box called a tooltip.
Worksheet; The worksheet in Calc is also referred to as spreadsheet. The
spreadsheet can have many sheets. Each sheet can have many individual
cells arranged in rows and columns, The sheet tab shows as default name as
Sheett, Sheet2, Sheet3,…..
Rows and columns: The sheet is divided into vertical columns and
horizontal rows. Each sheet can have a maximum of 1,048,576 (220) rows
and 1024 (210) columns. The rows are numbered as 1,2,3,4,… and columns
are numbered as A, B, C, D, Z. AA, AB, AC… AZ…
Cell and cell address: The Intersection of a row and column is called a cell.
It is the basic element of a spreadsheet. It holds data, such as text, numbers,
formulas and so on. A cell address is denoted by its column (letter) and row
number. For example, D4, E9, 289 are the valid example of cell address.
Formatting the worksheet: The cell data can be formatted using Format
cells dialog box. The Format cells dialog box can be opened using Format
cells using the Format menu, or from context menu opened through right
clicking the cell, Shortcut to open this Format Cell dialog box Is Ctrl-L Various
options of Format cell dialog box are shown below.
a) Formatting a range of cells with decimal places: Following are the steps to
format a cell to the required number of decimal places:
1. Select the range of cells.
2. Open the format cells dialog box
3. Click the Number tab
4. Select the Number
5. Change the decimal places as required
6. Click OK
b) Formatting a range of cells to be seen as labels: Follow the steps below in
order to format a range of cells as text.
1. Select the range of cells
2. Open the format cells dialog box
3. Click the Number tab
4. Select Text
5. Click OK
6. Enter numbers
C) Formatting of a cell range as different date format: In a spreadsheet
application, the user can change Date in many different formats. To do these
follow the below steps.
1. Select the range of cells.
2. Open the Format cells dialog box
3. Click the Number tab
4. Select the Date category
5. Select the date format
Click OK
d) Formatting a range of cells to display times: Follow the steps below to
format a range of
cells to display the time.
1. Select the cell range
8. Click the Number tab
2. Open the format cells dialog box
4. Select the Time' category
5. Select category Time should be displayed
6. Click Ok
e) Formatting alignment of a cell range: Follow the steps below to format the
alignment of range of cells.
1. Select the range of cells.
2. Open the 'format cells dialog box
3. Click the Alignment tab
4. Select left, right or centre
5. Click OK
Fill handle of a cell: The small black square in the bottom-right corner of the
selected cell or range is called a fill handle.
Referencing: Referencing is the way to refer the formula or function from one
cell to the next cell along the row or column. There are three types of
referencing.
1. Relative referencing
2. Mixed referencing
3. Absolute referencing
1. Relative referencing: When you drag any formula in any row or column
in any direction, the formula gets copled in the new cell with the
relative reference, for example At, H15 etc.
2. Mixed referencing: In Mixed Referencing, the $ sign is used before row
number or column name to make it constant, for example A$5, $C14.
3. Absolute referencing: In Absolute referencing, a $ symbol is used
before the column name as well as row number to make it constant in
any formula. For example, $C$12. $D$5, etc.
Identify the cell referencing in the following table:
Example and it’s type of referencing
A1 is Relative
F45 is Relative
D$4 is Mixed
$A23 is Mixed
$A$2 is Absolute
Creation of Charts Using Spreadsheets: It is not easy to comprehend,
compare, analyze or present data when they are represented as numbers.
But when data are presented in the form of charts they become an effective
tool to communicate. The various types of charts are given below.
Types of Charts:-
Column Chart
Bar Chart
Line Chart
Pie Chart
XY Scatter Chart
Steps to create a column chart:
1. Select the range of data say AF7
2. Click on Insert Chart
3. Select the type of chart i.e column chart
4. Click on Finish