Chapter-3 Plant Protection Interventions

(A). Plant Pathology

The following assignments have to be completed by Group (Batch) / Individual
students during their stay in adopted Villages under RAWE programme.

I. Herbarium Collection
Each student has to submit at least 15 plant disease species specimens properly pressed
/ dried and labeled in file cover by giving following information.
1. Name of crop / variety
2. Name of Disease
3. Name of the casual organism
4. Locality / place / Name
5. Date of collection
6. Collected by
II. Demonstration of disease management technology
To be done by each batch of students in 0.5 (Half) acre area:
A. Seed treatment in 1. Gram, 2. Wheat, 3. Potato, 4. Seasonal vegetable (any two)
1. Gram:
(a) Bio agent (Trichoderma) @ 5g/kg seed
(b) Thiram + Carbendazim (2:1) 3 g/kg seed
(c) Control without treatment
2. Wheat:
(a) Carboxin @ 2.5 g/kg seed
(b) Control without any treatment
3. Potato:
(a) 0.5% (5g/liter) Mancozeb solution for 30 minutes
(b) Control without any treatment
B. Demonstration on foliar spray of fungicides: supported by Field photograph in
paddy/soybean/potato/pea/chilies/mustard/lentil/tomato etc. Optional (any two).
 For Powdery mildew – Sulphur (35 EC) @3g/liter water.
 For Leaf spots / Blights (early / late) Mancozeb @3g/liter water.
  For Downy mildew / white rust: Copper Oxychloride (Fytolan or Blue Copper) @3g/L
water.
4. Soybean: Thiram +Carbendazim (2:1) 3g/kg seed for seed & seedling diseases For YMV
prone areas: Thiamethoxam 3g/kg seed
Foliar diseases: Control: Spray of carbendazim 1 g/L after 30 and 45 days after sowing.
5. Paddy:
Seed treatment: Carbendazim 1 g + Seed treatment Streptomycin 0.25 g or Per kg/ L
Seedling drip (30 ml) Before transplanting.
Blast: Carbendazim 1-1.5 g/L water (with sticker or soap)
Bacterial blight: Spray Streptomycin (Pausamycine, Agrimycine 100 etc.) 2.5- 3.0
g/10 L of water with sticker (Repeat in case cloudy/raining after 7 days)
Smut/bunt: Propiconazole 1 ml/liter spray during flowering stage.

[Link] cum Demonstration of low-cost simple oyster mushroom production

technology: To be done by each batch (Date wise record of data/ photos) Specially - Farmer
women/Rural Youth
Trainings to: unemployed youth/farmers and rural/tribal people on mushroom production, its
nutritional and medicinal value and post-harvest technology in order to generate an alternative
source of employment and sustainable income.

IV. Survey of Plant Disease:

Each student has to submit duly filled proforma (as per manual/booklet) of least five
commonly occurring diseases from 4-5 location/field i.e. 20 - 25 proforma.
For example: brown spot/blast of paddy, yellow mosaic, blights of soybean, loose smut of
wheat, wilt/root rot/collar rot of gram, powdery mildew of pea - cucurbits and disease of other
crops/vegetables.
Each student will prepare a "Practical Record" giving details of above work duly verified
by Station I/c Course teacher and submit the same at the Semester end.

V. The students identified some Important diseases of Rice crop cultivated in villages under
RAWE Programme.
1. Name of Crop: Paddy
 Table.3.1: Name of Disease identified in the field at Newada, Varanasi, (U.P.).
Sl. No. Common Name Scientific Name Systematic Position
1. Rice Blast Magnaporthe grisea Order: Magnaporthales
Family: Magnaporthaceae
2. Bacterial Blight Order: Xanthomonadales
Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae
Family: Xanthomonadaceae
3. Brown Spot Bipolaris oryzae Order: Pleosporaceae
Family: Cochliobolus
4. Sheath Blight Rhizoctonia solani Order: Cantharellales
Family: Ceratobasidiaceae
5. Rice tungro bacilliform virus
Rice Tungro Virus (RTBV) and Rice tungro Viral disease
spherical virus (RTSV)

Depicted that table.3.1 The provided image presents a table summarizing several rice diseases,
including their common names, scientific names, and systematic positions.

Rice Blast
Symptoms
Early growth stage Vegetative Flowering / podding / Grain etc.
stage earhead
Spindle-shaped lesions Grayish-brown lesions Brown to black
Small, water-soaked spots
with gray centers and on nodes, shriveled infected grains,
on leaves
brown borders panicles partially filled grains

Table.3.2 Intensity of Disease damage at Kallipur, Varanasi, (U.P.).

Nil ---
Low ---
Medium ---
High ✓
Epidemic ---
Depicted that table.3.2 intensity of Disease damage is medium.
Bacterial Leaf Blight
Symptoms
Early growth stage Vegetative Flowering / podding / Grain etc.
stage earhead
Yellowish stripes with
Water-soaked stripes on Yellowing and curling of N/A
wavy margins, drying
leaf blades leaves, bacterial ooze
leaves

Table 3.3 Intensity of Disease at Kallipur , Varanasi (U.P)

Nil ---
Low ---
Medium ✓
High ---
Epidemic ---

Depicted that table.3.3 intensity of Disease damage ia medium.

Fig.3.2 Bacterial Blight found in the farmer field at Newada, Varanasi, (U.P.).

Brown Spot
Symptoms
Early growth stage Vegetative Flowering / podding / Grain etc.
stage earhead
Oval to circular brown Brown spots on panicles
Minute brown dots on Brown spots on grains,
spots, coalescing to form and neck, black spots on
leaves reduced grain quality
patches glumes
Intensity of Disease.
Nil ---
Low ---
Medium ✓
High ---
Epidemic ---
 Fig.3.3 Brown Spot found in the farmer field at Kallipur, Varanasi, (U.P.).

Sheath Blight
Symptoms.
Early growth stage Vegetative Flowering / podding / Grain etc.
stage earhead
Enlarged lesions with Poorly filled grains,
Oval or elliptical greenish- Lesions covering entire
grayish-white centers especially in lower
gray spots on leaf sheaths tillers, death of leaves
and brown borders panicle parts
Intensity of Disease.
Nil ---
Low ---
Medium ✓
High ---
Epidemic ---
 Fig.3.4 Sheath Blight found in the farmer field at Kallipur, Varanasi, (U.P.).

Rice Tungro Virus.

Symptoms
Early growth stage Vegetative Flowering / podding / Grain etc.
stage earhead
Stunting, reduced tillering, Yellow or orange-yellow Delayed flowering, small
N/A
yellowing leaves leaves, rust-colored spots panicles, sterile grains
Intensity of Disease.
Nil ---
Low ---
Medium ---
High ✓
Epidemic ---
Fig.3.5 Tungro disease of rice found in the farmer field at Kallipur, Varanasi, (U.P.).
Signature of Student Signature of Teacher

(B). Entomology:
The study of insects and their interactions with crops, livestock, and other aspects of farming,
focusing on understanding and managing insect pests that can damage crops and impact food
production.
2. Name of Crop : Paddy
3. Name of insects identified in the field
[Link]. Common Name Scientific Name Systematic position
1. Rice Gandhi bug Leptocorisa acuta Order : Hemiptera
Family : Alydidae
2. Green leaf hopper Nephotettex nigropictus/ Order: Hemiptera
virescens Family: Cicadellidae
3. Rice hispa Diclodispa armigera Order: Coleoptera
Family :Chrysomelidae
4. Yellow stem borer Scirpophaga incertulus Order : Lepidoptera
Family : Crambidae
5. Brown plant hopper Nilaparvata lugens Order : Hemiptera
Family : Delphacoidea

Table :-3.4 Insects Identified In The Field

Rice Gandhi Bug

Symptoms of pest damage
Early growth Vegetative Flowering / podding / earhead Grain etc.
stage stage
Sucking sap from grains, brownish
N/A N/A patches on husk, chaffy grains, buggy N/A
odor
Fig :- 1.1 Pest And Disease Identification in Rice (Paddy) in the Supervison of Mr. Rahul
Kumar Field Varanasi U.P
Nil ---
Low ---
Medium ✓
High ---
Epidemic ---

Fig.3.6 Rice Gandhi bug found in the farmer field at Kallipur, Varanasi, (U.P.).

Green leaf hopper

Symptoms of pest damage
Early growth stage Vegetative stage Flowering / podding / Grain etc.
earhead
Yellowing of leaves, stunted Yellowing of leaves, stunted
N/A N/A
growth, withering/drying growth, withering/drying
Intensity of pest attack
Nil ---
Low ---
Medium ✓
High ---
Epidemic ---
Fig.3.7 Green leaf hopper of rice found in the farmer field at Kallipur, Varanasi (U.P.).

Rice hispa
Symptoms of pest damage
Early growth stage Vegetative stage Flowering / podding / Grain etc.
earhead
Scraping of upper leaf Scraping of upper leaf
surface, white streaks, surface, white streaks, N/A N/A
withering leaves withering leaves

Intensity of pest attack

Nil ---
Low ---
Medium ✓
High ---
Epidemic ---
 Fig.3.8 Rice hispa found in the farmer field at Kallipur, Varanasi, (U.P.).

Yellow stem borer

Symptoms of pest damage
Early growth stage Vegetative Flowering / podding / Grain etc.
stage earhead
Dead hearts (drying of Dead hearts (drying of Whiteheads (dried
N/A
central shoot) central shoot) panicles)

Intensity of pest attack

Nil ---
Low ---
Medium ---
High ✓
Epidemic ---
 Fig.3.9 Yellow stem borer found in the farmer field at Kallipur, Varanasi, (U.P.).

Brown plant hopper

Symptoms of pest damage

Early growth stage Vegetative Flowering / podding / Grain etc.

stage ear head
Hopper burn (yellowing,
Hopper burn (yellowing,
browning, drying of N/A N/A
browning, drying of plant)
plant)

Intensity of pest attack

Nil ---
Low ---
Medium ---
High ✓
Epidemic ---
 Fig.3.10 Brown plant hopper found in the farmer field at Kallipur, Varanasi, (U.P.).

Collection of major insect-pests and predatory insects in the field

[Link]. Name of Stages
Insects Egg Larval Pupa Nymph Adult
1. Dragon Flies Few to
several week
2. Lady Bird 10-14 days 5-7 days Several Months
3. Beetles 3-5 days

[Link] management in field as well as in House / Storage (As per recommended

practice)

Farmers Practices Recommended Practices

Strategies Field Storage Strategies Field Storage
Tapping Poison Crop Dose Dose Tapping Poison Crop Dose Dose
Baiting stage Baiting stage
 Glue Rat X Maturity 2-3 1-2 Glue Rat X Maturity 2-3 1-2
2 2 2
Traps pellets/m pellets/m Traps pellets/m pellets/m2

1. Suggestion for proper storage of food grains.

[Link]. Name of Food Grain Moisture content Fungicide / Fumigant Dose
Treatment
1. For Human 10-12% Neem oil ---
2. For storage purpose 10-12% Methyl Bromide ---

Signature of Student Signature of Teacher