UNIT 5-LANGUAGE
Mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the sentence that best completes each of the following
exchanges.
Question 1. _______ by human activities, global warming has become a major concern for
scientists and policymakers.
A. Causing B. Caused C. Cause D. Causes
Question 2. The melting ice caps, _______ to rising sea levels, present a threat to coastal
communities.
A. link B. linking C. links D. linked
Question 3. _______ crops in the changing climate conditions, farmers are often faced with
many challenges.
A. Growing B. Growth C. Grown D. Grow
Question 4. Landfill waste, _______ overtime, can have a negative impact on the environment.
A. is gathered B. gathering C. gathered D. gather
Question 5: The excessive heat in the atmosphere leads to an increase in the average global
temperature, also ______ as global warming.
A. knowing B. known C. knows D. know
Question 6: Greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide ______ heat
from leaving the atmosphere.
A. prevent B. take C. hinder D. block
Question 7: We are responsible ______ reducing the amount of waste and carbon dioxide
released into the environment.
A. in B. of C. in D. for
Question 8: Poor waste management has a negative ______ on the environment.
A. impact B. cause C. reason D. balance
Question 9: Renewable energy sources offer a ______ alternative to fossil fuels.
A. sustainedly B. sustainability C. sustainable D. sustain
Question 10: Methane, _____ is a greenhouse gas, is released during the breaking down of
landfill waste.
A. that B. which C. who D. when
Question 11: A large number of trees are being ______, reducing the planet’s ability to absorb
carbon dioxide.
A. fallen off B. gone up C. take over D. cut down
Question 12: If we don’t take immediate action to deal with global warming, it ______ serious
consequences for our planet.
A. will cause B. causes C. would cause D. caused
Question 13: The overuse of pesticides is harming the ecosystem; ______, alternative farming
practices should be encouraged.
A. however B. therefore C. moreover D. since
Question 14: Many climate change conferences focus on the importance of ______ renewable
energy sources.
A. develop B. developed C. developing D. development
Question 15: The leaflet provides information on ______ to reduce your carbon footprint and
contribute to a cleaner planet.
A. which B. how C. who D. what
Question 16: Burning fossil fuels is considered as one of ______ most obvious causes of global
warming.
A. another B. a C. X D. the
Question 17: Open fires produce soot and black carbon, contributing ______ the air.
A. pollute B. to pollute C. to polluting D. polluting
Question 18: Soil erosion ______ by unsustainable farming methods is harming agricultural
land.
A. causing B. are causing C. are caused D. caused
Question 19: ______ environmental impacts, sustainable farming practices help to preserve the
ecosystem.
A. Decline B. To decline C. Declining D. Declined
Question 20: Lucy and Kate are building a campfire.
Lucy: “Be careful! It is very dangerous to start a fire in a dry and forested area like this.”
Kathy: “______.”
A. You’re welcome. B. Thanks for the warning.
C. I’d love that. D. Yes, that’s fine.
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the sentence that is closest in meaning to each of the
following questions.
Question 21: Burned for energy production, fossil fuels release heat-trapping emissions.
A. When burning for energy production, fossil fuels release heat-trapping emissions.
B. If fossil fuels are burnt for energy production, they will release heat-trapping
emissions.
C. Unless fossil fuels are burnt for energy production, they will release heat-trapping
emissions.
D. Because of burnt for energy production, fossil fuels release heat-trapping emissions.
Question 22: Farmland should be managed sustainably to ensure a healthy ecosystem.
A. It is necessary to manage farmland sustainably to ensure a healthy ecosystem.
B. It is unimportant to manage farmland sustainably to ensure a healthy ecosystem.
C. It is useless to manage farmland sustainably to ensure a healthy ecosystem.
D. It is essential to manage farmland unsustainably to ensure a healthy ecosystem.
Question 23: Deforestation leads to the loss of habitat, which may make some species become
extinct.
A. Deforestation leads to the loss of habitat despite making some species become extinct.
B. Deforestation leads to the loss of habitat due to making some species become extinct.
C. Led to the loss of habitat, deforestation may make some species become extinct.
D. Leading to the loss of habitat, deforestation may make some species become extinct.
Mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the word CLOSEST in meaning to the underlined
word in each of the following questions.
Question 24: Governments worldwide are investing in renewable energy infrastructure to
promote a cleaner and greener future.
A. finite B. temporary C. reliable D. sustainable
Question 25: Thousand acres of land were cleared for agriculture, leading to habitat loss.
A. restored B. deforested C. preserved D. prevented
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the word(s) OPPOSITE in meaning to the underlined
word(s) in each of the following questions.
Question 26: Deforestation leads to the release of carbon dioxide stored in trees, exacerbating
climate change.
A. mitigating B. irritating C. increasing D. annoying
Question 27: Increased urbanisation results in the release of heat-trapping pollutants,
contributing to global warming.
A. emission B. discharge C. absorption D. imbalance
Mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the underlined part that needs correction in each of
the following questions.
Question 28: We should be concerning about global warming as it affects our daily lives and the
future of our planet.
A. should B. concerning C. as D. lives
Question 29: Sustainable farming practices preserve the ecosystem, reduced environmental
impacts.
A. farming B. preserve C. reduced D. impacts
Question 30: That the trees cutting down for agriculture and construction releases large amounts
of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere.
A. cutting B. releases C. amounts D. into
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct word or
phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks.
Practitioners of sustainable agriculture seek to integrate three main objectives into their
work: a healthy environment, economic profitability, and social and economic equity. Every
person involved in the food system - growers, food processors, distributors, retailers, consumers,
and waste managers - can (31) ______ a role in ensuring a sustainable agricultural system.
There are many practices commonly used by people working in sustainable agriculture
and sustainable food systems. Growers may use methods to promote soil health, minimise water
use, and lower (32) ______ levels on the farm. Consumers and retailers concerned with
sustainability can look for “values-based” foods (33) ______ are grown using methods
promoting farm worker wellbeing, are environmentally friendly, or strengthen the local
economy. And researchers in sustainable agriculture often cross disciplinary lines with their
work: combining biology, economics, engineering, chemistry, community development, and (34)
______ others. (35) ______, sustainable agriculture is more than a collection of practices. It is
also a process of negotiation: a push and pull between the sometimes competing interests of an
individual farmer or of people in a community as they work to solve complex problems about
how we grow our food and fibre.
Source: [Link]
Question 31: A. have B. take C. play D. make
Question 32: A. pollution B. polluted C. polluting D. pollute
Question 33: A. when B. that C. whose D. where
Question 34: A. lot of B. much C. many D. number
Question 35: A. Therefore B. Moreover C. Furthermore D. However
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to
each of the questions.
Solar power is energy from the sun that is converted into thermal or electrical energy.
Solar energy is the cleanest and most abundant renewable energy source available, and the U.S.
has some of the richest solar resources in the world. Solar technologies can capture this energy
for a variety of uses, including generating electricity, providing light or a comfortable interior
environment, and heating water for domestic, commercial, or industrial use.
There are three main ways to capture solar energy: photovoltaics, solar heating &
cooling, and concentrating solar power. Photovoltaics generate electricity directly from sunlight
via an electronic process and can be used to power anything from small electronics such as
calculators and road signs up to homes and large commercial businesses. Solar heating & cooling
(SHC) and concentrating solar power (CSP) applications both use the heat generated by the sun
to provide space or water heating in the case of SHC systems, or to run traditional electricity-
generating turbines in the case of CSP power plants.
Solar energy is a very flexible energy technology: it can be built as distributed generation
(located at or near the point of use) or as a central-station, utility-scale solar power plant (similar
to traditional power plants). Both of these method scan also store the energy they produce for
distribution after the sun sets, using cutting edge solar storage technologies. Solar exists within a
complex and interrelated electricity system in the U.S, working alongside other technologies like
wind power to transition the U.S. to a clean energy economy. All of these applications depend on
supportive policy frameworks at the local, state and federal level to ensure consumers and
businesses have fair access to clean energy technologies like solar.
Adapted from [Link]
Question 36: Which best serves as the title for the passage?
A. The Benefits of Solar Energy B. Solar Power in the United States
C. Capturing the Sun’s Energy D. Solar Technologies and Their Uses
Question 37: The word “abundant” in paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to ______.
A. scarce B. limited C. plentiful D. insufficient
Question 38: According to paragraph 2, what is the main purpose of SHC systems?
A. Generating electricity B. Running turbines
C. Providing water heating D. Cooling large commercial businesses
Question 39: Which of the following is NOT a way to capture solar energy?
A. Photovoltaics B. Solar heating & cooling
C. Concentrating solar power D. wind turbines
Question 40: According to paragraph 3, what is the relationship between solar energy and wind
power?
A. They are incompatible and cannot work together.
B. Solar energy is more efficient than wind power.
C. Solar energy and wind power work together in the U.S. electricity system.
D. Solar energy is dependent on wind power for its functioning.