Ch-6:Directing

Introduction:-
●​ Planning and organizing are just decisions, but directing is the step where these
decisions are actually put into action.
●​ The main job of directing is to get the assigned work done by the employees.
●​ It means guiding workers, supervising them, and keeping their enthusiasm high for the
work.

Characteristics:-GFCOWCMFM

Goal Oriented Activity:

●​ The main purpose of directing is to guide and encourage employees so that the
business can achieve its targets.

Function at Every Level of Management:

●​ Directing happens at all levels of the company.
●​ Top managers guide departmental officers, and supervisors give instructions to workers.
●​ It moves from the top level down to the bottom level.

Continuous Process:
●​ Directing never stops.
●​ As long as the business activities continue, the work of giving guidance and instructions
to employees will also continue.

Observation of Functions:
●​ Directing is not just about giving orders.
●​ It also involves checking (observing) to see if the employees are actually working
according to the instructions given to them.

Wider Scope:
●​ The scope of directing is very broad.
●​ It is not just about advising employees; managers must also explain decisions and
ensure that efforts are made to implement them properly.

Communication:
●​ Clear communication is necessary to give orders.
●​ If communication is not effective, it is difficult to give the right direction to the right
employee at the right time.
Motivation:
●​ To get the best work from employees, it is necessary to motivate them.
●​ When higher authorities give personal guidance, it solves employees' problems and
encourages them to do better work.

Flow of Direction:
●​ Directing is a downward process.
●​ It always flows from the top level (bosses) to the bottom level (workers).

Managerial Function:
●​ Directing is an essential part of management, just like other functions such as planning,
organizing, staffing, and controlling.

Importance:- IAMEECFIF

Increase in Efficiency:
●​ A business works efficiently only when employees get proper direction about their work.
●​ Direction makes it clear to the employee what their function, authority (power), and
responsibility are.
●​ This clarity increases their efficiency.

Assessment of Efficiency:
●​ Through direction, the management can check (assess) the work of employees.
●​ It helps to evaluate if the employees followed the orders, how much work they finished,
and if their efficiency has increased.

Motivation to employees:
●​ Direction teaches employees about the proper methods, rules, and policies of the
business.
●​ It helps solve their work-related problems, which motivates them to do their work.

Effective Planning:
●​ One person cannot plan all the functions of a business alone.
●​ A planner can make a good plan by collecting necessary information from the
subordinates (employees working under them).

Effective Organisation:
●​ Because of direction, every employee knows their authority and responsibility.
●​ This ensures that orders and instructions given by the boss are followed correctly,
making the whole organization effective.

Co-ordination and Co-operation:

 ●​ Direction helps maintain co-ordination among employees.
●​ It connects the employee's personal interest with the main goals of the business.
●​ The leader uses direction to coordinate the work of different employees.

Function of Control:
●​ Direction reduces the chances of mistakes and errors in work.
●​ It helps to get the work done according to the targets.
●​ This makes the function of controlling very easy.

Increase in Enthusiasm:
●​ Direction changes the attitude of employees and increases their interest in work.
●​ If any problem arises, they can find a solution.
●​ This keeps the work continuous and boosts the enthusiasm of the employees.

Finding Out Deviation:

●​ Through direction, supervisors can check if the work is being done according to the
standards.
●​ If there are any changes or mistakes (deviations), they can be fixed in the beginning
stages.
●​ This helps control the problems effectively.

Barriers to Effective Communication:- LFUUSOIID

Lack of Planning:
●​ If the information is not planned properly before sending, the sender might give wrong,
unclear, or incomplete information.

Faulty Translation:
●​ Employees at the middle level receive messages from top management.
●​ Sometimes, these messages are not in their mother tongue.
●​ When they translate and explain them to the bottom level, mistakes can happen in
translation.

Unclear Messages:
●​ Sometimes, important matters are not presented clearly.
●​ If words and sentences are not arranged properly, the message lacks logic.
●​ As a result, the receiver cannot understand it clearly, and communication fails.

Unclear Assumptions:
●​ Many messages are based on guesses or assumptions.
●​ If these assumptions are not clarified while sending the message, the meaning and
importance of the message can change.
Shortage of Time:
●​ Many times, decisions are taken based on information.
●​ If the information does not reach on time, it becomes useless because it cannot be
implemented.
●​ This decreases the effectiveness of communication.

Overburden in Communication:
●​ In big industries, there is a continuous exchange of information.
●​ If an employee has too much information to handle (overburdened), they might focus on
doing their work instead of passing the information precisely.
●​ If the information does not reach the right place, the purpose fails.

Ignorance Towards Messages:

●​ Sometimes, higher managers or lower-level employees simply ignore or are careless
about messages.
●​ Because of this, the company does not get the correct information, creating hurdles in
communication.

Improper Selection of Media:

●​ To send and receive information, specific mediums (tools like email, phone, etc.) are
used.
●​ If the wrong medium is selected, it creates a barrier to communication.

Distrust and Fear:

●​ In an organization where there is fear and no trust, every message is looked at with
doubt.
●​ People might change or hide the correct information because they are scared that telling
the truth will lead to punishment or a fine.
●​ If past experiences showed that telling the truth caused trouble, people will hide
information.

Hierarchy needs by Maslow:- PSSES

Introduction:
●​ Human needs are different for everyone and are based on their mental status.
●​ The psychologist Abraham Maslow presented this "Hierarchy of Needs" in his article
called 'Principle of Human Motivation' in 1943.

Physiological or Primary Needs:

●​ These are the basic needs of a human being.
●​ These needs include food, water, clothing, and shelter.
●​ Food is the most basic need to keep the body alive.
 ●​ A hungry person gives importance only to food. He does not care about other needs until
his basic needs for food, clothing, and shelter are satisfied.

Safety Needs:
●​ After physical needs are satisfied, the next need is safety.
●​ This includes physical safety, job safety, safety against risks, and getting regular wages.
●​ To satisfy this, people take measures like buying insurance or opening a savings account
in a bank or post office.
●​ This safety is necessary for mental peace.

Social Needs:
●​ When the need for security (safety) is satisfied, the next need is the social need.
●​ This includes affection and love. Man is a social animal.
●​ He always wants love and affection from his family, relatives, and society.
●​ These needs include the feeling of getting respect and love from family members,
friends, relatives, and colleagues at the workplace.

Esteem Needs and Status Needs:

●​ After satisfying the primary need the safety need and the social needs the next needed
to satisfy in hierarchy is esteem needs and status needs
●​ Esteem and Status needs is also known as Higher Class
●​ A man wants approprial respect from his collegious

Self Esteem and Self Actualisation Needs:

●​ After satisfying the above four needs, a person tries to satisfy the self-actualisation need.
●​ Every person wants to achieve the top position and get great achievements.
●​ It means a person wants their name to be considered with pride and wants to be the
best in their field of work.

Financial and Non Financial Incentives:-

Introduction:-

●​ Incentives are things that encourage or stir up action.

●​ Business owners use incentives to inspire workers to keep up their
interest in work and increase their efficiency.

Financial Incentives:- PCPBCPS

 ●​ Financial incentives are very helpful for skilled and expert employees. They boost
enthusiasm, courage, and self-confidence because money provides financial security
and better social status.

Profit Sharing:
●​ Surplus (extra) profit in a business is the result of the hard work of both the owner and
the workers.
●​ When workers are given a specific share of this profit in the form of money, apart from
their regular salary, it is called profit sharing.

Co-partnership:
●​ This means employees or workers are made partners in the ownership, management,
and profit distribution of the company.
●​ When employees become partners, it becomes easier for the owner to increase
production and maintain peace in the industry.

Promotion:
●​ Promotion means moving an employee to a higher and better position.
●​ This increases their authority, responsibility, duties, and salary.
●​ It boosts the morale and efficiency of the staff.

Bonus:
●​ Profit is also created by the contribution of workers.
●​ Therefore, according to the law, a certain percentage of the profit is given to employees
at the end of the year as a bonus.

Commission:
●​ To increase sales, owners decide sales targets for their employees.
●​ When employees achieve these sales targets, they are paid extra money based on
different commission rates.
●​ This financial encouragement based on sales achievement is called commission.

Prizes:
●​ If an employee performs outstandingly or has a great working style, the business owner
honors them.
●​ They are given rewards like cash prizes, certificates, or medals during annual meetings
or special programs.
●​ Public recognition increases the worker's zeal and efficiency.

Suggestions and Advices:

●​ Workers are always engaged in production, so they know the process well.
●​ They can give suggestions to management to improve production and make it more
efficient.
 ●​ If a worker’s suggestion helps reduce the cost of production, they are paid monetary
incentives.

Non Financial Incentives:- SAAAWO

●​ These are incentives that are not based on money but still boost the confidence (morale)
of employees.

Security of Employment:
●​ For an employee, job security is just as important as salary.
●​ When an employee feels their job is safe, it inspires them to work with enthusiasm,
which increases the business's production.

Appreciation of Work and Reward:

●​ Employees who complete production targets on time, cheaply, and efficiently are
honored publicly.
●​ This motivates the honored employee and also inspires other employees to work harder.

Assignment of Responsibility:
●​ To encourage employees, officers give them special responsibilities, like training or
guiding subordinates.
●​ Giving responsibility builds confidence in employees and inspires them to work more.

Adviser:
●​ If a worker has been efficient for a long time, management asks for their advice when
making policies.
●​ This makes the worker feel like an important part of the company and encourages them.

Welfare Activities and Amenities:

●​ Facilities given to employees inspire them to work better.
●​ Besides wages, companies provide medical services, canteens, libraries, paid leave,
sports, and entertainment activities.
●​ This helps employees work with dedication and enthusiasm.

Other Incentives;
●​ Many other benefits are also provided to employees.
●​ These include housing facilities, life insurance, free education for children, books, and
transportation for picking up and dropping off from home to work.

Difference between Formal and Informal Communication:-

Points Formal Informal

Meaning This is a system that depends This is a system that depends
on rules, regulations, and on human relationships and
achieving business goals. friendship between people.

Purpose The main purpose is to The purpose is to bring more

maintain control and coordination and increase
coordination in the work. trust (credibility) in the
organization.

Base It is based on rules and It is based on personal and

regulations. Two people friendly relations. Two people
exchange information exchange information
because the rules say they because they are friends.
must.

Control and Supervision This type requires control and This does not require any
supervision by superiors control or supervision.
(bosses).

Flexibility It is less flexible (it is rigid It is more flexible (it can

because rules must be change easily).
followed).

Time It takes place at the It can take place anywhere

workplace and generally and at any time (even outside
during working hours only. working hours).

Information in advance Everything is decided in Nothing is decided in

advance. The sender, the advance. The form and
receiver, and the format of procedure happen randomly
the message are fixed depending on the time and
beforehand. situation.