Modifier
Modify = Verb যার অর্ থ অতিতরক্ত িথ্য দেওয়া।
Modifier = Noun
দয শব্দ দ ান া Noun বা Pronoun অর্বা দ ান া Phrase সম্পন থ অতিতরক্ত
িথ্য দেয় িান Modifier বনে।
Pre-modifier
1. Noun এর পূনব থ বনস িথ্য দেওয়া।
2. Possessive Case
3. Demonstrative
4. Present Participle
Post- Modifier
[Link] Phrase
[Link] Phrase
3. Infinitive
[Link]
Pre- Modifier
1. Mita is a very beautiful girl.
2. Mina is a very kind woman.
3. Rahim is a very brave soldier.
4. Shila is a very intelligent girl.
5. Arif is a very good player.
6. Tania is a very polite teacher.
1. Fatema has brought a -------- (use an adj to pre-
modify the Noun) dress.
2. Fatema has brought a -------- (use an adv to pre-
modify the adj) new dress.
3. Fatema has brought -------- (use a
determiner/quantifier pre-modify the Noun ) dress.
4. Arsenic is a ---------( Pre- Modifier the noun)
instance.
5. Bangladesh is a --------- (Pre-Modifier the Noun)
Country.
6. Moriom is a --------- ( use a noun adj) Student
7. Kazi Nazrul Islam is called the Shelley of Bengali
Literature. He was a -------- (Pre-modify the noun ) Poet.
Demonstrative
This – এটি / এই ( ানের ত ছু দবাঝায়)
That – ওটা / ওই (দূনরর ত ছু দবাঝায়)
These – এগুনো / এইগুনো ( ানের এ াতি তিত স দবাঝায়)
Those – ওগুনো / ওইগুনো (দূনরর এ াতি তিত স দবাঝায়)
থ
This book is interesting. (এই বইটি আ র্ণীয়।)
That house is big. (ওই বাতিটি বি।)
These flowers are beautiful. (এই ফুেগুনো সুন্দর।)
Those cars are expensive. (ওই গাতিগুনো োতি।)
------- (use a demonstrative) is my favorite pen.
-------- (use a demonstrative) is a beautiful mountain.
------- ((use a demonstrative) are my new shoes.
----------(use a demonstrative) are old buildings.
I like this dress more than ----- (use a demonstrative)
one.
Possessive Case
My, our, your, their, her, his, its etc.
1. Salma lost------ (use a p.c) father at the
age of 10.
2. He loves ------ (use a possessive case)
mother very much.
3. He prepares ------ (use a p.c) lesson
regularly.
4. Most of the students in ------ (use a p.c)
don’t know the important of English.
Present Participle
V1+ing= Adj – Modifier
এ ই ব্যাতক্ত পর পর দুটি াি রনে দয ািটি আনগ হয় িার
সানর্ ing হয়।
-------- (use a participle) his homework, Rafi went to
play football.
(নহািওয়া থ দশর্ নর রাতি ফুটবে দেেনি দগে।)
Opening the window, she started cleaning the room.
(িা াো খুনে দস ঘর পতরষ্কার রা শুরু রে।)
Taking his breakfast, he left for school.
( াস্তা দেনয় দস স্কুনের িন্য দবর হনো।)
Switching off the light, Mina went to bed.
(োইট বন্ধ নর তি া শুনি দগে।)
Locking the door, he went outside.
(েরিা িাো তেনয় দস বাইনর দগে।)
Pre- Modifier তহনসনব Quantifier এর ব্যবহার
Quantifier: some, any, many, much, all, a lot
of, few, several+ Noun
1. ------ (use a quantifier to pre-modify
the noun) students are playing in the field.
2. I don’t have any money in my pocket.
3. There are many books on the table.
4. He doesn’t have much patience to wait.
5. All teachers attended the meeting.
6. She bought a lot of fruits from the
market.
7. Only a few people know the truth.
8. We saw several birds in the garden.
9. Some flowers are blooming in the garden.
10. He didn’t find any solution to the
problem.
Post Modifier
1. Prepositional Phrase
2. Adverbial Phrase
3. Infinitive
4. Appositive
Prepositional Phrase
Structure: Preposition + Noun/Pronoun
She is waiting at the bus stop.
(নস বাসস্ট্যানে অনপক্ষা রনে।)
We went to the park yesterday.
(আিরা গি াে পান থ তগনয়তেোি।)
The cat is sleeping under the table.
(তবডােটি দটতবনের ত নে ঘুিানে।)
There is a picture on the wall.
(নেওয়ানে এ টি েতব আনে।)
He was standing in front of the house.
(নস বাতির সািন োাঁতিনয় তেে।)
Infinitive (phrase)
Subject + Verb + to + V1 (+ Object)
I want to learn English.
(আতি ইংনরতি তশেনি োই।)
She likes to read books.
(নস বই পিনি পেন্দ নর।)
They decided to visit the zoo.
(িারা তেতিয়াো া ভ্রিনণর তসদ্ধান্ত ত ে।)
He promised to help me.
(নস আিান সাহায্য রার প্রতিশ্রুতি তেে।)
We plan to start a new business.
(আিরা এ টি তু ব্যবসা শুরু রার পতর ল্প া রতে।)
The boy began to cry loudly.
(নেনেটি দিানর াাঁেনি শুরু রে।)
She agreed to join the party.
থ দযাগ তেনি রাতি হনো।)
(নস পাটিনি
I need to finish my homework.
(আিার দহািওয়া থ দশর্ রা ের ার।)
He refused to answer the question.
(নস প্রনের উত্তর তেনি অস্বী ার রে।)
They hope to travel abroad soon.
(িারা তশগতগর তবনেশ ভ্রিনণর আশা নর।)
Adverbial Phrase
She speaks politely.
The boy is very intelligent.
They will meet us tomorrow.
He plays football here every day.
She always helps her friends.
The exam was too difficult.
We are leaving soon.
He runs fast to catch the bus.
It is almost midnight now.
The baby is sleeping quietly.
They waited for a long time.
Appositive
Noun / Pronoun + Appositive (Noun / Noun Phrase)
(অর্াৎথ মূে noun এর পনর আনর টি noun phrase বনস, যা মূে noun-এর
ব্যাখ্যা দেয়)
Formula:
Noun + , + Appositive + ,
My friend, a brilliant student, won the scholarship.
Rahim, a famous singer, will perform tonight.
Dhaka, the capital of Bangladesh, is a big city.
Mr. Karim, our English teacher, is very kind.
Cox’s Bazar, a popular tourist spot, is in Bangladesh.
My uncle, a retired army officer, lives in Khulna.
The Padma, a mighty river, flows through Bangladesh.
Shakespeare, a great dramatist, wrote many plays.
Mina, a good dancer, joined the competition.
The Eiffel Tower, a world-famous monument, is in
Paris.
Intensifier ী?
I nt ensi f i er হনো এি এ টি শব্দ (সািারণি Adverb) যা
Adjective, Adverb অর্বা Verb-এর িাত্রা বা দিার বৃতদ্ধ নর। অর্াৎ,
থ
এটি দ ান া শব্দন আরও দিারানো, শতক্তশােী বা িনিার নর প্র াশ নর।
Common Intensifiers:
very, really, absolutely, totally, extremely, quite,
completely, utterly, so, too
She is very beautiful.
Practice
A village doctor is a (a) _____ (use an intensifier to pre-
modify the adjective) familiar person in the rural areas of
Bangladesh. He is (b) _____ (pre-modify the verb) known
as a quack. A village doctor is not a (c) _____ (pre-modify
the noun) doctor. He (d) _____ (pre-modify the verb) sits in
a small dispensary in the morning and evening. He treats the
patients (e) _____ (use a participle to post-modify the verb)
small fees. A village doctor is not a (f) _____ (pre-modify
the noun) man. His chamber is (g) _____ (pre-modify the
verb) furnished. He cannot supply costly medicines to the
(h) _____ (pre-modify the noun) patients. In our country,
the number of qualified doctor is (i) _____ (use an
intensifier to pre-modify the adjective) few. So, a village
doctor is a great friend to the (j) _____ (pre-modify the
noun) people.
a. very b. mainly/mostly c. registered d.
regularly e. taking f. rich g. ill h. poor i. very j.
village/poor
Kazi Nazrul Islam is called the Shelley of Bengali literature. He was a
(a) _____ (pre-modify the noun) poet. He wrote (b) _____ (post-
modify the verb) in every branch of Bengali literature. Nazrul, (c)
_____ (use an appositive), won the attention of everyone in the early
childhood. He wrote ceaselessly until the death of (d) _____ (use
possessive pronoun) poetic flair. He composed his songs (e) _____
(use an infinitive phrase to post-modify the verb). His songs are (f)
_____ (use an intensifier to pre-modify the adjective) melodious. He
enriched the Bengali literature (g) _____ (use an adverb to pre-modify
the verb). His literary works have enriched (h) _____ (use a noun
adjective) literature. He was (i) _____ (use an article) secular poet. He
sang the songs of equality (j) _____ (use an adverbial phrase).