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Distorting Clean Energy

This article examines how misinformation campaigns on social media are hindering the global transition to renewable energy by promoting climate science denial. Key actors, including fossil fuel companies and influencers, exploit digital platforms to spread misleading narratives, which contribute to public confusion and policy delays. As the urgency for clean energy increases, combating misinformation has become essential to maintaining public trust and advancing climate goals.

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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
15 views5 pages

Distorting Clean Energy

This article examines how misinformation campaigns on social media are hindering the global transition to renewable energy by promoting climate science denial. Key actors, including fossil fuel companies and influencers, exploit digital platforms to spread misleading narratives, which contribute to public confusion and policy delays. As the urgency for clean energy increases, combating misinformation has become essential to maintaining public trust and advancing climate goals.

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kkm7vv5v5c
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Natalia Navarro Pesquera

Public Opinion and International Journalism

Distorting Clean Energy


How misinformation campaigns in social media platforms are shaping public opinion and
slowing the global transition to renewables.
This interpretative article explores the impact of misinformation campaigns on climate
science denial, based on a comprehensive analysis of articles and news publications. Three
key ideas mentioned in this article are:
●​ Although there’s a global awareness and with it, an important investment in
renewable energy, there seems to be little accountability for those spreading
misinformation that undermines these efforts.
●​ Main actors such as fossil fuel companies, political figures, and even lifestyle
influencers are actively involved in spreading misleading content, either directly or
subtly embedding non-renewable use into cultural norms just for their own benefit.
●​ Due to the advanced technology and digitalisation of social life, platforms like
TikTok, Facebook, and Instagram serve as key channels for the viral spread of clean
energy misinformation, often prioritizing engagement over accuracy.

As global investment in renewable energy surges, a parallel rise in misinformation


campaigns threatens to stop public support and policy progress.

In 2024 and early 2025, clean energy misinformation has intensified, particularly
across social media platforms like TikTok, YouTube and Instagram, where viral posts claim
wind turbines cause widespread ecological damage, or that electric vehicles pollute more than
gasoline cars over their lifecycle. Can this be actually possible if the purpose of these
measures is for renewable energy to meet net-zero targets?

For instance, Jim Arwood, Communications Director, from the Arizona Solar Center
Inc., reported through social media platform ‘X’ (formerly Twitter) false claims suggesting
solar energy is more environmentally harmful than fossil fuels, gaining traction on social
media, contributing to public confusion about renewable energy sources.1
Similar narratives, linking climate change and renewable energy, have appeared on
Tiktok, where users frequently share oversimplified or distorted comparisons between electric
vehicles and gas-powered cars, often omitting key data like lifecycle emissions. It’s the case
of a BBC investigation, which highlighted a video featuring Dan Peña, who described climate
change as "the greatest fraud that has been perpetrated on mankind this century." This video
was re-uploaded multiple times, accumulating over nine million views, despite TikTok's
policies against climate misinformation. Mr Peña’s video demonstrates how bad arguments
can spread really fast on TikTok, as Roshan Salgado D'Arcy says, a science communicator
who uses social media to debunk viral videos that contain false claims about these topics.2

1
Bill Kaszeta, “Arizona Solar Center - the Story of the Year Is Fake,” n.d.,
[Link]
2
Ahmed, By Marco Silva & Maryam. “The Climate Change-denying TikTok Post That Won’t Go
Away,” June 30, 2023. [Link]
Natalia Navarro Pesquera
Public Opinion and International Journalism

As governments race to meet 2030 renewable targets, experts warn that this wave of
misinformation could prove just as damaging as economic or technical hurdles.
“Misinformation and disinformation threaten global efforts to tackle climate change” said UN
Secretary-General António Guterres, in a speech on climate communications.3
Historically, fossil fuels have been the main source of energy as its use is a crucial
component for people’s lives across the globe. Nevertheless, as technology advances,
particularly in renewable energy, there is growing tension between traditional fossil fuels and
modern energy sources like solar and wind power. “With this rise in energy demands, we
have also seen a rise in greenhouse gas emissions, due to the burning of fossil fuels, resulting
in the effects of climate change (Olabi & Abdelkareem, 2022). For instance, carbon dioxide
(CO2), which accounts for 77% of greenhouse gases, has seen a significant increase going
from 300 ppm to over 410 ppm (Cao et al., 2020)”4.
In fact, due to this competition, fossil fuel companies and political supporters started
funding campaigns to cast doubt on climate science. As the science became more irrefutable,
messaging pivoted toward attacking renewable solutions. In a 2023 USA Today op-ed,
Republican Senator John Barrasso of Wyoming, a top coal-producing state, argued against
aggressive climate policy, framing fossil fuels as essential to grid stability. A similar
argument was made by Washington Post columnist Marc Thiessen, who also cast doubt on
climate science itself.5 These arguments contribute to a manufactured sense of controversy,
delaying energy policy and achieving popular public support through the media.

According to Dave Anderson of the Energy and Policy Institute, these messages are
part of an ongoing disinformation campaign aimed at preserving fossil fuel dominance. “The
aim,” he explains, “is to keep alive the idea that we need large amounts of fossil fuels to back
up the grid”, a claim that runs counter to scientific consensus on the need to phase out such
energy sources to prevent severe climate impacts.5

Besides, due to the sustained focus on the 2015 Paris Agreement, this issue has
entered the political arena, generating significant controversy, especially as misinformation
campaigns led by fossil fuel companies continue to influence public discourse and policy
debates. From the UN’s perspective, the perception of a global backlash against climate
action has been increasingly shaped by strategic disinformation efforts, particularly from the
fossil fuel industry6. Rather than reflecting widespread public opposition, this narrative has

3
“UN Climate Report: It’s ‘Now or Never’ to Limit Global Warming to 1.5 Degrees,” UN News, May
18, 2022, [Link]
4
Ard, Matthew (2024) "Renewable Energy Misinformation: A Literature Based Approach to Rebutting
False Claims," McNair Research Journal SJSU: Vol. 20 , Article 5.
[Link]
5
Laura Benshoff, “Renewable Energy Is Maligned by Misinformation. It’s a Distraction, Experts Say,”
NPR, August 26, 2022,
[Link]
6
Fiona Harvey, “‘Massive Disinformation Campaign’ Is Slowing Global Transition to Green Energy,”
The Guardian, April 2, 2025,
[Link]
gn-to-slow-green-transition-says-un
Natalia Navarro Pesquera
Public Opinion and International Journalism

been deliberately amplified to create political hesitation around emissions-cutting policies. It


suggests resistance to sustainable energy measures is the result of targeted campaigns aimed
at persuading world leaders that green policies are unpopular or economically damaging.
A.​ Actors involved
To begin with, the fossil fuel industry denies environmental science, more specifically
climate science, as it doesn’t provide any profit for their production. Moreover, clean energy
misinformation seems to have been incorporated in marketing strategies as a consequence of
the digital era the world is immersed in, where influencers and content creators have a strong
impact on the overall messaging. Investigation research from the NRDC (the Natural
Resources Defense Council)7 found trade groups within the natural gas industry have paid
Instagram influencers, particularly young women with large followings among food and
cooking enthusiasts, to promote the benefits of cooking with gas stoves over electric ones.
This strategy aims to portray the use of gas as essential for achieving optimal cooking results,
subtly reinforcing the idea that burning this fossil fuel is crucial for culinary success. This
example illustrates a sophisticated form of lifestyle-based disinformation, where the goal is
not to debate science or policy directly, but to embed fossil fuel use into cultural identity and
everyday habits, in this case, cooking.
Finally, although most state actors seem to agree on the position of working together
to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and in consequence, develop more clean energy sources,
Russia is a clear opponent to this idea. They have made it clear on several occasions; Russia
doesn’t believe in renewable energy and the main motive is because its economy is heavily
reliant on fossil fuel exports, especially oil and natural gas. Indeed, in June 2016, during a
conference held by the state Analytical Agency, Deputy Minister of Energy A. Mitreykin
referred to renewable energy as a "Western weapon against the Russian Federation,"
according to the Kommersant newspaper.8 As this statement reflects an official stance, it
suggests that the development of renewables in Russia is likely to encounter significant
regulatory, political, and economic barriers.
“The lack of ambition in Russia’s climate change policy is due primarily to the
importance of fossil fuel energy and the country’s socio-economic challenges. For the past
five decades fossil fuel reserves have been seen as crucial for economic growth, poverty
alleviation, rebuilding the Russian military and addressing social issues.”9 It’s an ongoing
domestic discourse which turns a global environmental issue into a geopolitical threat. This
rhetoric fuels misinformation by becoming a political tool, as well as a barrier to renewable
strategies.
B.​ Channels of spread

7
Turrentine, Jeff. 2022. “Climate Misinformation on Social Media Is Undermining Climate Action.”
NRDC. [Link]
8
“Why Russia Does Not Believe in Renewable Energy? - Fondapol,” Fondapol, October 7, 2020,
[Link]
9
Kaschowitz, Sabrina. 2024. Russia‘s stance on climate change, Powerless towards nature, paranoid
towards policy, pragmatic towards profit. N.p.: FES Regional Office for International Cooperation Cooperation
and Peace. [Link]
Natalia Navarro Pesquera
Public Opinion and International Journalism

Whilst actors play a crucial role in this, without channels of spread such as social
media platforms or AI-Generated Content, public opinion wouldn’t be so divided. An
analysis revealed that in 2021, 16 of the world’s largest polluting companies were behind
over 1,700 Facebook ads promoting misleading or favorable narratives about fossil fuels.
Together, these ads generated approximately 150 million impressions and brought in nearly
$5 million in revenue for the platform.7 It seems as if strong actors have the power to
leverage social media algorithms and ad systems to promote narratives favorable to
non-renewable sources, downplaying their environmental impact. It actually reflects a
broader issue, not only concerning our environment, but also economic interests where, even
if misleading, if the content is profitable there will be no regulations or accountability.
C.​ Common Themes in the Misinformation
According to Columbia University Magazine10, a late report published by Columbia’s
Sabin Center for Climate Change Law, outlines thirty-three of the most widespread myths
around renewable energy and dismisses them using official statistics and peer-reviewed
scientific research. One of the most recurrent topics was the danger of wind turbines for birds
as it killed thousands of them per year, but omitted extreme weathers or effects of climate
change in the causes of animal death. Other topics included coal and mining along with the
fossil fuel industry when mentioning economic outputs: job losses in coal, gas, and auto
production without taking into account that the US energy and automobile industries are
predicted to gain millions of jobs overall if they adopt green technologies.
In conclusion, as the world races to meet ambitious climate targets, the fight against
misinformation has become just as critical as the development of clean technologies
themselves. Disinformation campaigns, driven by economic and political interests amplified
by digital platforms, threaten to erode public trust, misshape science, and slow down
meaningful progress. Combating this challenge requires not only technological innovation
but also media literacy, transparency, and stronger accountability for those who manipulate
public discourse.

10
“33 Myths About Renewable Energy,” Columbia Magazine, n.d.,
[Link]
Natalia Navarro Pesquera
Public Opinion and International Journalism

Reference list
Ahmed, By Marco Silva & Maryam. “The Climate Change-denying TikTok Post That Won’t
Go Away,” June 30, 2023. [Link]
Ard, Matthew. "Renewable Energy Misinformation: A Literature Based Approach to
Rebutting False Claims," McNair Research Journal SJSU: Vol. 20 , Article 5. 2024.
[Link]
Benshoff, Laura. “Renewable Energy Is Maligned by Misinformation. It’s a Distraction,
Experts Say.” NPR, August 26, 2022.
[Link]
limate.
Columbia Magazine. “33 Myths About Renewable Energy,” n.d.
[Link]
Fondapol. “Why Russia Does Not Believe in Renewable Energy? - Fondapol,” October 7,
2020.
[Link]
gy/.
Harvey, Fiona. “‘Massive Disinformation Campaign’ Is Slowing Global Transition to Green
Energy.” The Guardian, April 2, 2025.
[Link]
ing-disinformation-campaign-to-slow-green-transition-says-un
Kaschowitz, Sabrina. Russia‘s stance on climate change, Powerless towards nature, paranoid
towards policy, pragmatic towards profit. N.p.: FES Regional Office for International
Cooperation Cooperation and Peace.
[Link]://[Link]/pdf-files/bueros/wien/[Link].
Kaszeta, Bill. “Arizona Solar Center - the Story of the Year Is Fake,” n.d.
[Link]
Turrentine, Jeff. “Climate Misinformation on Social Media Is Undermining Climate Action.”
NRDC. 2022.
[Link]
te-action.
UN News. “UN Climate Report: It’s ‘Now or Never’ to Limit Global Warming to 1.5
Degrees,” May 18, 2022. [Link]

Common questions

Powered by AI

Misinformation campaigns utilize social media platforms like TikTok, Facebook, and Instagram to propagate false narratives about clean energy by prioritizing engagement over accuracy. These platforms become channels for the viral spread of misleading information as they allow actors like fossil fuel companies and influencers to share content that undermines renewable energy efforts. For example, viral posts have propagated claims that wind turbines cause ecological damage or that electric vehicles pollute more than gasoline cars over their lifecycle, despite evidence to the contrary . These campaigns are effective because they exploit the algorithms of these platforms, which reward content that generates high engagement, regardless of its accuracy, resulting in widespread public confusion about renewable energy .

Social media algorithms have contributed to the visibility and impact of misinformation by amplifying content that receives high engagement, regardless of its accuracy. These algorithms prioritize posts that are sensational and engaging, which are often the characteristics of misinformation. Consequently, false information about clean energy solutions—such as exaggerated environmental impacts of renewables or misleading comparisons of energy sources—garner significant attention, perpetuating misconceptions and shaping public opinion unfavorably towards renewable energy efforts .

The historical reliance on fossil fuels and rising energy demands create fertile ground for misinformation because they establish a perceived dependence on these traditional energy sources. This context is exploited in misinformation campaigns funded by fossil fuel interests, which imply that renewable energy cannot match the reliability and economic benefits of fossil fuels. By casting doubt on the capabilities and economic viability of renewable alternatives and emphasizing fossil fuels' historical importance, these campaigns create resistance to the transition to renewables and delay the adoption of cleaner energy solutions .

Russia's stance on renewable energy, which is heavily reliant on fossil fuel exports, poses significant challenges to global climate change efforts. By viewing renewable energy as a geopolitical threat and prioritizing fossil fuels for economic reasons, Russia contributes to the global resistance against adopting clean energy policies. This position complicates international collaborations and undermines collective efforts to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. The political and economic influence of a major fossil fuel exporter like Russia not only delays domestic renewable initiatives but also reinforces similar reluctance in other regions, further hindering global climate action .

Fossil fuel companies and political actors play a critical role in spreading misinformation about climate change and renewable energy by funding campaigns that cast doubt on climate science and attack renewable solutions. As scientific consensus on climate change strengthened, these actors shifted their strategies to focus on undermining the viability of renewable energy by promoting narratives that fossil fuels are essential for grid stability and economic security. Such campaigns are designed to maintain fossil fuel dominance and delay legislative progress on renewable energy. This concerted effort includes funding political figures and media narratives that create a false sense of controversy around climate issues .

Influencers and lifestyle channels contribute to the spread of misinformation by subtly integrating fossil fuel use into everyday cultural norms through content that emphasizes lifestyle rather than science. For instance, influencers have been paid by trade groups within the natural gas industry to promote gas stoves as superior for cooking, embedding fossil fuel use into culinary identity. This strategy promotes fossil fuels as essential for certain lifestyles without engaging in direct scientific debate, thus shaping consumer behaviors and reinforcing misinformation under the guise of lifestyle choices .

Climate change misinformation has created a perception of controversy around renewable energy by disseminating misleading narratives that question the efficacy and economic impact of these solutions. By presenting fossil fuels as essential to economic stability and grid reliability, misinformation skews public perception, making it appear as though there is significant debate where there is scientific consensus. This manufactured controversy influences policy debates by suggesting that renewable energy initiatives might be unpopular or economically harmful, leading to hesitation among policymakers to implement necessary emissions-cutting measures .

Misinformation about clean energy is considered as dangerous as economic or technical hurdles because it directly affects public support and policy-making processes. While economic and technical challenges can be addressed through investment and innovation, misinformation sows distrust and confusion, altering public opinion and stalling legislative efforts. It diverts attention from facts and undermines the scientific consensus needed to mobilize action towards renewable energy targets. Without accurate public understanding and robust policy frameworks, achieving renewable energy goals becomes significantly more difficult .

Fossil fuel industries employ strategies that embed misinformation into cultural identities by targeting lifestyle influencers and everyday activities. One strategy involves paying influencers, especially those with a large following in sectors like food and cooking, to promote the benefits of fossil fuels subtly. By associating the use of gas stoves with successful cooking, for example, these campaigns normalize fossil fuel usage as integral to achieving optimal results, thus embedding fossil fuels into everyday cultural practices without engaging in direct scientific or policy debates .

Misinformation campaigns undermine public policy and global efforts to combat climate change by creating confusion and skepticism around climate science and renewable energy solutions. This strategic dissemination of false information slows political action, as it generates public hesitation and diminishes support for emissions-cutting policies. Fossil fuel companies, through well-coordinated disinformation efforts, amplify narratives that suggest renewable energy initiatives are unpopular or economically damaging. This manipulation of public perception results in political inertia, delaying essential policy advancements necessary to address climate change effectively .

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