Scribd
Upload
4 views11 pages

String Functions

The document provides a comprehensive overview of various string functions in R, including their syntax and examples of usage. Key functions discussed include 'cat', 'char.expand', 'grep', 'sub', and 'strsplit', among others, which facilitate string manipulation and pattern matching. This resource serves as a guide for users to effectively utilize string functions for data visualization and exploration.

Uploaded by

rohanvijjapu
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
4 views11 pages

String Functions

The document provides a comprehensive overview of various string functions in R, including their syntax and examples of usage. Key functions discussed include 'cat', 'char.expand', 'grep', 'sub', and 'strsplit', among others, which facilitate string manipulation and pattern matching. This resource serves as a guide for users to effectively utilize string functions for data visualization and exploration.

Uploaded by

rohanvijjapu
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Data Visualization and Exploration with R

String Functions

1
2081 CSE

Functions
String Functions
1. cat
2. [Link]
3. charmatch
4. charToRaw
5. chartr
6. sQuote,dQuote
7. encodeString
8. grep, grepl, sub, gsub, regexpr, gregexpr, regexec
9. nchar, nzchar

Y
10. length
11. noquote

T
12. paste, paste0
13. strsplit

SI
14. strwrap
15. replace
16. substr

ER
17. strtoi
18. toString
19. sprintf
IV
N
U
M
A
IT
G

Dr. Srikanth Thota@CSE 2


String Functions 2081 CSE

• cat
• Concatenate and Print
• cat(. . . , file=“ “,sep =” “,fill = FALSE,labels = NULL,append = FALSE)
cat("Hello","\n")

## Hello
cat("He secured"," 9 CGPA","\n")

## He secured 9 CGPA
m=1;n=2;o=3
cat(m,n,o,sep=",")

## 1,2,3
• [Link]

TY
• Expand a String with Respect to a Target Table
• [Link](input, target, nomatch = stop(“no match”))
[Link] <- c("Flight", "Foot", "Foot-Note","Feet","Foot-Hill")

SI
[Link]("Foot", [Link], nomatch = stop("no match"))

## [1] "Foot"

ER
[Link]("Foo", [Link],nomatch = stop("no match"))

## character(0)
IV
[Link]("Flu", [Link],warning("no match"))
UN

## Warning in eval(nomatch): no match


## [1] NA
• charmatch
• Partial String Matching
M

• charmatch(x, table, nomatch = NA_integer_)


TA

[Link] <- c("Flight", "Foot", "Foot-Note","Feet","Foot-Hill")


charmatch("F",[Link])
GI

## [1] 0
charmatch("Foot",[Link])

## [1] 2
charmatch("Foot-",[Link])

## [1] 0
• charToRaw
• Convert to or from Raw Vectors
• charToRaw(x)
sr=charToRaw("Hello")
sr

## [1] 48 65 6c 6c 6f
rawToChar(sr, multiple = FALSE)

Dr. Srikanth Thota@CSE 3


String Functions 2081 CSE

## [1] "Hello"
rawToChar(sr, multiple = TRUE)

## [1] "H" "e" "l" "l" "o"


• charToRaw
• Convert to or from Raw Vectors
• charToRaw(x)
sr=charToRaw("Hello")
rawShift(sr, -1)

## [1] 24 32 36 36 37

Y
rawToChar(rawShift(sr, -1), multiple = FALSE)

T
## [1] "$2667"
• chartr

SI
• Character Translation and Casefolding
• chartr(old, new, x)

ER
x<-"WALK"
chartr("W","T",x)

## [1] "TALK"
IV
tolower("WALK")

## [1] "walk"
N
toupper("talk")

## [1] "TALK"
U

• chartr
• Character Translation and Casefolding
M

• chartr(old, new, x)
x<-"WALK"
A

chartr("W","T",x)

## [1] "TALK"
IT

tolower("WALK")

## [1] "walk"
G

toupper("talk")

## [1] "TALK"
• sQuote
• Quote Text
• sQuote(x, q = getOption(“useFancyQuotes”))
• dQuote(x, q = getOption(“useFancyQuotes”))
options(useFancyQuotes = FALSE)
paste("argument", sQuote("x"), "should not be empty")

## [1] "argument 'x' should not be empty"

Dr. Srikanth Thota@CSE 4


String Functions 2081 CSE

options(useFancyQuotes = TRUE)
paste("argument", sQuote("x"), "should not be empty")

## [1] "argument ‘x’ should not be empty"


• sQuote
• Quote Text
• sQuote(x, q = getOption(“useFancyQuotes”))
• dQuote(x, q = getOption(“useFancyQuotes”))
options(useFancyQuotes = FALSE)
cat("\ndifference between ", sQuote("single"), "and",dQuote("double"), "quotes\n")

Y
##
## difference between 'single' and "double" quotes

T
#difference between 'single' and "double" quotes
options(useFancyQuotes = TRUE)

SI
cat("\ndifference between ", sQuote("single"), "and",dQuote("double"), "quotes\n")

##

ER
## difference between ‘single’ and “double” quotes
#difference between ‘single’ and “double” quotes

• encodeString
IV
• Encode Character Vector as for Printing
• encodeString(x, width = 0, quote = “ “, [Link] = TRUE,justify = c(”left”, “right”,
“centre”, “none”))
N

x <- c("\na", "ab", "abcde")


encodeString(x,1)
U

## [1] "\\na" "ab" "abcde"


x <- c("a", "ab", "abcde")
M

encodeString(x,3)

## [1] "a " "ab " "abcde"


A

• grep
IT

• Pattern Matching and Replacement


• grep(pattern, x, [Link] = FALSE, perl = FALSE, value = FALSE,fixed = FALSE,
useBytes = FALSE, invert = FALSE)
G

lg<-c("Java", "Python", "ADA", "COBOL")


lg

## [1] "Java" "Python" "ADA" "COBOL"


grep("A+", lg)

## [1] 3
grep("A+", lg,value = TRUE)

## [1] "ADA"
• grep
• Pattern Matching and Replacement

Dr. Srikanth Thota@CSE 5


String Functions 2081 CSE

• grep(pattern, x, [Link] = FALSE, perl = FALSE, value = FALSE,fixed = FALSE,


useBytes = FALSE, invert = FALSE)
txt <- c("feet","foot","football", "foot-hill")
grep("foo", txt)

## [1] 2 3 4
grep("foo", txt,value=TRUE)

## [1] "foot" "football" "foot-hill"


• grepl
• Pattern Matching and Replacement

Y
• grepl(pattern, x, [Link] = FALSE, perl = FALSE,fixed = FALSE, useBytes = FALSE)
lg<-c("Java", "Python", "ADA", "COBOL")

T
lg

SI
## [1] "Java" "Python" "ADA" "COBOL"
grepl("a+", lg)

ER
## [1] TRUE FALSE FALSE FALSE
grepl("A+", lg)

## [1] FALSE FALSE TRUE FALSE


IV
• sub
• Pattern Matching and Replacement
N
• sub(pattern, replacement, x, [Link] = FALSE, perl = FALSE,fixed = FALSE, useBytes
= FALSE)
U

lg<-c("Jack", "Jill-Jill")
lg
M

## [1] "Jack" "Jill-Jill"


sub("J", "M",lg)
A

## [1] "Mack" "Mill-Jill"


IT

gsub("J", "M",lg)

## [1] "Mack" "Mill-Mill"


G

• regexpr
• Pattern Matching and Replacement
• regexpr(pattern, text, [Link] = FALSE, perl = FALSE,fixed = FALSE, useBytes =
FALSE)
regexpr("me", c("mean","median","mode","meme"))

## [1] 1 1 -1 1
## attr(,"[Link]")
## [1] 2 2 -1 2
## attr(,"[Link]")
## [1] "chars"
## attr(,"useBytes")
## [1] TRUE
• gregexpr

Dr. Srikanth Thota@CSE 6


String Functions 2081 CSE

• Pattern Matching and Replacement


• gregexpr(pattern, text, [Link] = FALSE, perl = FALSE,fixed = FALSE, useBytes =
FALSE)
gregexpr("me", c("mean","median","mode","meme"))

## [[1]]
## [1] 1
## attr(,"[Link]")
## [1] 2
## attr(,"[Link]")
## [1] "chars"
## attr(,"useBytes")
## [1] TRUE
##
## [[2]]

TY
## [1] 1
## attr(,"[Link]")
## [1] 2

SI
## attr(,"[Link]")
## [1] "chars"
## attr(,"useBytes")
##
##
##
[1] TRUE

[[3]]
ER
IV
## [1] -1
## attr(,"[Link]")
## [1] -1
UN

## attr(,"[Link]")
## [1] "chars"
## attr(,"useBytes")
## [1] TRUE
##
M

## [[4]]
TA

## [1] 1 3
## attr(,"[Link]")
## [1] 2 2
GI

## attr(,"[Link]")
## [1] "chars"
## attr(,"useBytes")
## [1] TRUE
• regexec
• Pattern Matching and Replacement
• regexec(pattern, text, [Link] = FALSE, perl = FALSE,fixed = FALSE, useBytes =
FALSE)
regexec("me", c("mean","median","mode","meme"))

## [[1]]
## [1] 1
## attr(,"[Link]")
## [1] 2
## attr(,"[Link]")
## [1] "chars"
## attr(,"useBytes")

Dr. Srikanth Thota@CSE 7


String Functions 2081 CSE

## [1] TRUE
##
## [[2]]
## [1] 1
## attr(,"[Link]")
## [1] 2
## attr(,"[Link]")
## [1] "chars"
## attr(,"useBytes")
## [1] TRUE
##
## [[3]]

Y
## [1] -1
## attr(,"[Link]")

T
## [1] -1
## attr(,"[Link]")

SI
## [1] "chars"
## attr(,"useBytes")
## [1] TRUE

ER
##
## [[4]]
## [1] 1
## attr(,"[Link]")
IV
## [1] 2
## attr(,"[Link]")
## [1] "chars"
## attr(,"useBytes")
N

## [1] TRUE
U

• nchar,length
• Count the Number of Characters (or Bytes or Width)
• nchar(x, type = “chars”, allowNA = FALSE, keepNA = NA)
M

• nzchar(x, keepNA = FALSE)


s<- "R Programming Lab"
nchar(s)
A

## [1] 17
IT

nzchar(s)

## [1] TRUE
G

nzchar("")

## [1] FALSE
• length
• Length of an Object
• length(x)
s<- "R Programming Lab"
length(s)

## [1] 1
• noquote
• Class for ‘no quote’ Printing of Character Strings
• noquote(obj, right = FALSE)

Dr. Srikanth Thota@CSE 8


String Functions 2081 CSE

s<- "R Programming Language Lab"


s

## [1] "R Programming Language Lab"


noquote(s)

## [1] R Programming Language Lab


• paste
• Concatenate vectors after converting to characters
• paste (. . . , sep = ” “, collapse = NULL, recycle0 = FALSE) #### paste0(. . . , collapse =
NULL, recycle0 = FALSE)

Y
fle="[Link]"
paste("c:/Work/",fle)

T
## [1] "c:/Work/ [Link]"

SI
paste0("c:/Work/",fle)

## [1] "c:/Work/[Link]"

ER
• strsplit
• Split the Elements of a Character Vector
• strsplit(x, split, fixed = FALSE, perl = FALSE, useBytes = FALSE)
IV
str = "Hadoop Spark and Flink"
strsplit(str, " ")

## [[1]]
N

## [1] "Hadoop" "Spark" "and" "Flink"


U

• strwrap
• Wrap Character Strings to Format Paragraphs
• strwrap(x, width = 0.9 * getOption(“width”), indent = 0,exdent = 0, prefix = “ “, simplify
M

= TRUE, initial = prefix)


x = 'This is a very long title wrapped on multiple lines without the need to adjust it by hand'
strwrap(x, width=50)
A

## [1] "This is a very long title wrapped on multiple"


IT

## [2] "lines without the need to adjust it by hand"


cat("\n")
G

strwrap(x, width=20)

## [1] "This is a very long" "title wrapped on" "multiple lines"


## [4] "without the need to" "adjust it by hand"
• strwrap
• Wrap Character Strings to Format Paragraphs
• strwrap(x, width = 0.9 * getOption(“width”), indent = 0,exdent = 0, prefix = “ “, simplify
= TRUE, initial = prefix)
x = 'This is a very long title wrapped on multiple lines without the need to adjust it by hand'
strwrap(x,width = 20,indent = 5)

## [1] " This is a very" "long title wrapped" "on multiple lines"
## [4] "without the need to" "adjust it by hand"

Dr. Srikanth Thota@CSE 9


String Functions 2081 CSE

cat("\n")
strwrap(x,width = 20,exdent = 5)

## [1] "This is a very long" " title wrapped" " on multiple"


## [4] " lines without" " the need to" " adjust it by"
## [7] " hand"
• replace
• Replace Values in a Vector
• replace(x, list, values)
str = c("Spark","Dark","Mark","Flink")
replace(str,list=c(4),values='Blink')

## [1] "Spark" "Dark" "Mark" "Blink"

TY
• substr
• Extract or replace substrings in a character vector
• substr(x, start, stop)

SI
s <- "R Programming Language Lab"
substr(s,0,9)

## [1] "R Program"


• strtoi ER
IV
• Convert Strings to Integers
• strtoi(x, base = 0L)
s <- "48"
UN

strtoi(s)

## [1] 48
strtoi(s)*2
M

## [1] 96
TA

• toString
• Convert an R Object to a Character String
• toString(x, . . . )
GI

x <- c("a", "b", "aaaaaaaa")


x

## [1] "a" "b" "aaaaaaaa"


toString(x)

## [1] "a, b, aaaaaaaa"


toString(x, width = 8)

## [1] "a, b...."


• toString
• Convert an R Object to a Character String
• toString(x, . . . )
x <- c("a", "b", "aaaa")
toString(x, width = 8)

Dr. Srikanth Thota@CSE 10


String Functions 2081 CSE

## [1] "a, b...."


x <- c("a", "b", "aa")
toString(x, width = 8)

## [1] "a, b, aa"


• sprintf
• Use C-style String Formatting Commands
• sprintf(fmt, . . . )
• fmt - a character vector of format strings, each of up to 8192 bytes
sprintf("%s has got %.2f CGPA", "Alex", 9.5)

Y
## [1] "Alex has got 9.50 CGPA"

T
SI
ER
IV
N
U
M
A
IT
G

Dr. Srikanth Thota@CSE 11

You might also like