COMPETENCY BASED QUESTIONS (CBQ)
BIOLOGY (ANSWER KEY)
CLASS X (2025-2026)
CHAPTER 6: LIFE PROCESSES
MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS
Q1. D. Iron
Q.2 A. X is more than y
Q.3 (b) B
Q.4 A. Soups and juices only
Q.5 A. Enzymes
ASSERTION REASON QUESTIONS
1. (A) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
2. (A) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
3. (A) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
4. (A) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
5. (B) Both A and R are true, but R is NOT the correct explanation of A.
CASE BASED QUESTIONS
Q1.A. Nephron
B. Urea, Uric acid, salts and excess water.
C. (i) Removal of nitrogenous wastes (urea, uric acid)
(ii) Regulation of water and salts (osmoregulation)
D. The amount of water re-absorbed depends on how much excess water there is in
the body, and on how much of dissolved waste there is to be excreted.
Q.2(a) After 20 minutes, the seal switches from aerobic respiration to anaerobic
respiration.
Justification: The rise in lactic acid in blood after 20 minutes shows that:
• Oxygen supply becomes insufficient
• Muscles begin anaerobic respiration, producing lactic acid
(b) Adaptation R (Myoglobin in Muscles) helps to produce energy for swimming during the
first 20 minutes because it keeps the working muscles supplied with oxygen for aerobic
respiration.
Adaptation P and Q are not of much help
Adaptation P- It restricts blood flow to the non-essential parts, which includes the swimming
muscles (except for the brain, heart, and lungs).
Adaptation Q- Due to the restricted blood flow the blood is prevented from quickly reaching
the working muscles.
TWO MARKER QUESTIONS
Q1 Double circulation in humans
Route 1 — Pulmonary Circulation (Heart → Lungs → Heart)
Right Ventricle → Pulmonary Artery → Lungs → Pulmonary Vein → Left Atrium
Route 2 — Systemic Circulation (Heart → Body → Heart)
Left Ventricle → Aorta → Body → Vena Cava → Right Atrium
Usefulness:
(i) Separates oxygenated & deoxygenated blood
(ii) Maintains high efficiency of oxygen supply, needed by warm-blooded humans
Q.2Plants store carbohydrates as starch.
When needed:
1. Starch → glucose using enzymes
2. Glucose is converted to sucrose for transport
3. Sucrose moves through phloem to growing organs(Translocation)
4. Unloaded and used for growth or converted back to glucose
Q.3 A plant will die if its leaves are completely coated with petroleum jelly primarily because
the jelly blocks the stomata, thereby stopping two essential life processes: gaseous exchange
and transpiration.
Q.4 Mechanism of blood clotting
Injury → platelets break → release clotting factors→blood clot formed.
Q.5 Effect of blockage in pancreatic duct on digestion
The pancreas delivers trypsin (for proteins) and amylase (for carbohydrates) to the
duodenum.
If blocked:
1. Protein digestion falls sharply (no trypsin)
2. Carbohydrate digestion decreases (no amylase)
3. Food remains undigested → abdominal discomfort
THREE MARKER QUESTIONS
Q.1(a) Arteries are thick walled.
They carry blood under high pressure from the heart.
Thick muscular & elastic walls prevent bursting.
They help maintain continuous blood flow.
(b) Plants have low energy needs.
They do not move from place to place.
Most processes (e.g., transport) occur by simple physical processes like diffusion.
Their body activities are slow → low metabolic rate → low energy need.
[Link] step:
Glycolysis — breakdown of glucose to pyruvate.
Occurs in: Cytoplasm
(i) Aerobic respiration equation:
Glucose + O₂ → CO₂ + H₂O + Energy (ATP)
(ii) Anaerobic respiration in humans:
Glucose → Lactic Acid + Energy
Q3. Two plants: A (green), B (fungus)
(a) Mode of nutrition
• Plant A → Autotrophic (photosynthesis)
• Plant B → Saprotrophic
(b) One feature of each
• Autotrophs: have chlorophyll & make their own food.
• Saprotrophs: secrete enzymes on dead matter & absorb nutrients.
(c) They lack chlorophyll.
No chloroplasts → cannot trap sunlight.
Q4. Setup :R
In setup R glass tank is coated with black paint which results in more absorption of sunlight
resulting in more photosynthesis and production of carbon di oxide.
Q5.(a) Phase CD will have highest amount of lactic acid because anaerobic
respiration happens due to lack of oxygen, producing lactic acid.
(b)BC is flat because the athlete runs at a constant speed → no sudden increase in
lactic acid production. Aerobic respiration meets energy needs → lactic acid
remains stable.
(c) Type of respiration in AB and CD
AB: Aerobic respiration (oxygen sufficient)
CD: Anaerobic respiration (oxygen deficit → lactic acid formation)
FIVE MARKER QUESTIONS
Q1.(a) Force A: Transpiration pull
Force B: Root pressure
(b)Transpiration Pull (Force A) -Day time helps in movement of water because
water evaporates from stomata of leaves (transpiration).
Creates negative pressure (suction) in xylem.
Pulls water upward from roots to leaves.
Root Pressure (Force B) – Night
Roots actively absorb minerals.
Water enters by osmosis → builds positive pressure in xylem.
Pushes water a short distance upwards.
Q.2 Water vapour released from leaves that condensed on the sheet due to Transpiration.
Transpiration is loss of water vapour from leaves through stomata.
Significance of transpiration in plants:
Cools the plant
Maintains water movement from roots
Helps mineral transport
Maintains turgidity
Significance of transpiration in nature:
Adds water vapour to atmosphere → forms clouds → rainfall
This process help in upward movement of water from roots to leaves. It creates transpiration
pull → strong suction force in xylem.
Secondly, it pulls water from roots to leaves.
Q.3 (a) Purpose of starch test
To check presence of starch.
(Iodine turns blue-black in presence of starch.)
(b) Digestion is necessary even in cooked food because
Food molecules are larger in size.
Body can absorb only simple molecules (glucose, amino acids).
Digestion breaks complex food into absorbable forms.
(c) Digestive enzymes
Starch → broken by salivary amylase & pancreatic amylase
Proteins → broken by pepsin (stomach) and trypsin (pancreas)
(d) Small intestine is considered as major site of digestion because it receives bile ,
pancreatic enzymes and intestinal juices.
Has long length for maximum digestion
Large surface area due to villi for absorption of digested food.
(e) If bile is not secreted
Emulsification of fat will not take place.
Intestinal medium will not become alkaline for proper action of enzymes.
Q.4(a) Haemoglobin carries oxygen to all body cells.
Low Hb → less oxygen supply → less energy → fatigue, weakness
(b) Pulse is the rhythmic expansion and contraction of an artery as blood is
pumped through it by the heart. Your pulse is essentially your heart rate, measured
in beats per minute.
High pulse rate is caused due to (any two)
• Exercise
• Fear/anxiety
• Fever
• Dehydration
(c) Double circulation of blood is important in humans because
Separates oxygenated & deoxygenated blood
Ensures efficient oxygen supply
Q5. (a) Fluid A (colorless, less O₂, less protein): Lymph
Fluid B (red, more O₂, more protein): Blood
(b) Flow chart for movement of blood (Fluid B)
Pulmonary circulation (to the lungs)
1. Right Atrium: Receives deoxygenated blood from the body via the vena cava.
2. Right Ventricle: Pumps the deoxygenated blood into the pulmonary artery, which leads to the
lungs.
3. Lungs: In the lungs, blood releases carbon dioxide and picks up oxygen.
Systemic circulation (to the body)
1. Left Atrium: Receives the now oxygenated blood from the lungs via the pulmonary veins.
2. Left Ventricle: Pumps the oxygenated blood into the aorta, the body's largest artery.
3. Arteries and Capillaries: Blood travels through the arteries to smaller vessels called
capillaries, delivering oxygen and nutrients to all body tissues and organs.
4. Return to Heart: Deoxygenated blood, now carrying waste products, returns to the right
atrium through the veins, starting the cycle again.
(c) Lymph carries digested and absorbed fat from intestine and drains excess fluid from
extra cellular space back into the blood
If lymphatic vessels are blocked, it leads to swelling (lymphedema) in the
affected area because excess fluid can't drain properly. This can also cause poor
fat absorption, a buildup of waste products.