Dr/Mohamed Eid Eng.
Reham Hasan Measurements
Sphinx university First Semester
Faculty of Engineering Mechatronics Measurement &
Devices (MEC361)
Level 3 Fall 2025-2026
Tutorial 5
Name Class
Question#1
Write formulas to convert from:
i. Degrees Celsius (°C) to degrees Kelvin (°K) --------------------------------------
ii. Degrees Fahrenheit (°F) to degrees Rankine (°R) --------------------------------------
iii. Degrees Celsius (°C) to degrees Fahrenheit (°F) --------------------------------------
iv. Degrees Kelvin (K) to degrees Rankine (°R) --------------------------------------
Question#2
Fill in the following table as shown in the first row.
o o o o
C K F R
-273
0
492
373
Dr/Mohamed Eid Eng. Reham Hasan Measurements
Question#3 Choose the correct answer for the following questions:
1. The maximum thermometer measures:
a. maximum heat transfer
b. maximum temperature recorded within a period
c. maximum density of the mercury column
d. a & b
2. The bimetallic thermometer measures the temperature using:
a. Difference in electrical conductivity between two strips of metal.
b. Difference in thermal expansion between two strips of metal.
c. Difference in Young’s modulus between two strips of metals.
d. Difference in heat convection to two strips of metals.
3. For a NTC thermistor, the electrical resistance:
a. increases with temperature
b. decreases with temperature
c. does not change with temperature
d. None of the above
4. For a resistance temperature detector (RTD), the electrical resistance:
a. increases with temperature
b. decreases with temperature
c. does not change with temperature
d. None of the above
Dr/Mohamed Eid Eng. Reham Hasan Measurements
5. Which temperature measurement sensor of the following generates an electrical potential
when the temperature changes?
a. Mercury thermometer
b. Thermocouple
c. Thermistor
d. Bimetallic thermometer
6. Which of the following temperature measurement methods is usually used for on-off
control:
a. Thermocouples
b. Bimetallic thermometers
c. Thermistors
d. b & c
7. Which of the following equations describes change in electrical resistance of metals with
temperature?
a. R = Ro + ᾱ (1/T)
b. R = R0 [1+ ᾱ ( T – T0)]
c. Log R = a log T + b
d. None of the above
8. The electrical potential generated from a thermocouple depends on:
a. Difference in the temperature between the hot and cold junctions.
b. The type of the two materials forming the thermocouple.
c. (a) and (b)
d. None of the above
9. In the bimetallic element shown below, if metal (x) has a higher thermal expansion
Dr/Mohamed Eid Eng. Reham Hasan Measurements
coefficient than metal (y), when heat is applied, the bimetallic thermometer will:
a. Bend downward
b. Bend upward
c. Remain horizontal
d. None of the above
10. Platinum based thermocouples are more expensive because they:
a. Have higher sensitivity.
b. have bigger range.
c. Are more accurate.
d. All of the above.
11. The main advantage of thermistors is:
a. High sensitivity
b. Big range.
c. Linearity
d. All of the above.
Dr/Mohamed Eid Eng. Reham Hasan Measurements
Question#4 State whether the following sentences are true or false:
a) Thermistors are more linear than RTD’s. ()
b) Adding a third material into the thermocouple circuit affects the generated voltage even
if the third material is kept at a constant temperature ()
c) Cold junction compensation in thermocouples require an additional temperature sensor
like a thermistor or an RTD ()
d) Thermocouples are more expensive than RTD’s ()
e) Bimetallic thermometers have a fast response ()
f) Thermistors have a large temperature measurement range ()
g) Pyrometers are cheaper than thermocouples ()
h) Thermocouples are the most widely used sensors for temperature measurement ()
i) Pyrometers cannot measure the temperature of a hot surface unless its emissivity is
known ()
j) Pyrometers require direct contact with the surface whose temperature is measured ()
k) Highest errors in temperature measurements results from radiation errors ()
Question#5
1. Mention three advantages and two disadvantages of thermocouples.
2. What is the main advantage and disadvantage of RTDs?
3. What is the main advantage and disadvantage of Thermistors?
Dr/Mohamed Eid Eng. Reham Hasan Measurements
Question#6
2. The output e.m.f. from a chromel–alumel thermocouple (type K), with its reference
junction maintained at 0 °C, is 12.207 mV. What is the measured temperature?
3. The output e.m.f. from a nicrosil–nisil thermocouple (type N), with its reference junction
maintained at 0 °C, is 4.21 mV. What is the measured temperature?
4. A platinum/10% rhodium–platinum (type S) thermocouple is used to measure the
temperature of a furnace. The output e.m.f., with the reference junction maintained at 50 °C,
is 5.975 mV. What is the temperature of the furnace?
5. In a particular industrial situation, a nicrosil–nisil thermocouple with nicrosil–nisil
extension wires is used to measure the temperature of a fluid. In connecting up this
measurement system, the instrumentation engineer responsible has inadvertently
interchanged the extension wires from the thermocouple. The ends of the extension wires are
held at a reference temperature of 0 °C and the output e.m.f. measured is 21.0 mV. If the
junction between the thermocouple and extension wires is at a temperature of 50 °C, what
temperature of fluid is indicated and what is the true fluid temperature?
6. A chromel–constantan thermocouple measuring the temperature of a fluid is connected by
mistake with copper–constantan extension leads (such that the two constantan wires are
connected together and the copper extension wire is connected to the chromel thermocouple
wire). If the fluid temperature was actually 250 °C, and the junction between the
thermocouple and extension wires was at 80 °C, what e.m.f. would be measured at the open
ends of the extension wires if the reference junction is maintained at 0 °C? What fluid
temperature would be deduced from this (assuming that the connection mistake was not
known about)?
(Hint: apply the law of intermediate metals for the thermocouple-extension lead junction.)
Dr/Mohamed Eid Eng. Reham Hasan Measurements
8. A thermistor is manufactured such that its resistance decreases as the temperature
increases, according to:
Where R0 = 10 kΩ is the thermistor resistance at a reference temperature T0 = 298 oK and β
= 425 is the thermistor coefficient. The instrumentation engineer has connected the
thermistor as shown in Fig. 1. With reference to the circuit shown:
a) What is the mistake that the instrumentation engineer has done? And what is the expected
output voltage Vout in this case if the temperature is 358 oK?
b) Using clear and neat sketches, how can you solve this mistake?
c) Based on your suggested solution in (b), calculate the output voltage Vout if the thermistor
is measuring a temperature of 358 oK.