CATALYST
MODULE 9
AFTER GOING THROUGH THIS MODULE, YOU ARE EXPECTED TO
Describe describe the concept of catalyst;
Present present catalyst as an effective means of affecting the reaction rate; and
Realize realize the importance of catalyst and how it affects your life.
PRE-ASSESSMENT
MODIFIED TRUE OR
FALSE
DIRECTIONS: WRITE TRUE IF THE
STATEMENT IS TRUE. IF THE STATEMENT IS
FALSE, CHANGE THE ITALICIZED WORD TO
MAKE IT CORRECT. WRITE YOUR ANSWER
ON A SEPARATE SHEET OF PAPER.
1. A CATALYST IS A SUBSTANCE THAT
CAN BE ADDED TO A REACTION TO
INCREASE THE REACTION RATE
WITHOUT GETTING CONSUMED IN THE
PROCESS.
2. HEAT IS NOT A CATALYST SINCE
IT CAN’T BE TAKEN OUT OF THE
REACTION IN THE SAME AMOUNT
IT WAS INPUTTED INTO THE
REACTION.
3. CATALYSTS INCREASE THE
RATES OF CHEMICAL REACTIONS
BY RAISING THE ACTIVATION
ENERGY OF THE REACTIONS.
4. COLLISIONS ONLY RESULT IN A
REACTION IF THE PARTICLES COLLIDE
WITH A CERTAIN MAXIMUM ENERGY
CALLED THE ACTIVATION ENERGY OF
THE REACTION.
5. A CHEMICAL REACTION MAY BE
ENERGETICALLY FAVORABLE (I.E.
EXOTHERMIC), AND SO IF THE ACTIVATION
BARRIER IS HIGH (I.E. THE ACTIVATION
ENERGY IS HIGH), THE REACTION RATE MAY
BE EXTREMELY SLOW.
6. DECREASING THE CONCENTRATION
OF REACTANTS INCREASES THE
COLLISION FREQUENCY BETWEEN
REACTING PARTICLES.
7. INCREASING THE CONCENTRATION
OF A SUBSTANCE INCREASES THE
KINETIC ENERGY OF THE PARTICLES
THAT MAKE UP THE SUBSTANCE.
8. RAISING THE TEMPERATURE OF A
REACTION INCREASES THE RATE OF THE
REACTION BY INCREASING THE ENERGY
OF THE COLLISIONS BETWEEN
REACTING PARTICLES.
9. LOWERING THE SURFACE AREA OF A
REACTANT INCREASES THE RATE OF THE
REACTION
10. CATALYSTS PERMIT REACTIONS TO
PROCEED ALONG A HIGHER
[Link].
11. SMALLER PARTICLE SIZE ALLOWS
FOR A LARGER SURFACE AREA TO
BE EXPOSED FOR THE REACTION
12. TEMPERATURE IS THE MEASURE OF
HOW MUCH AREA OF AN
OBJECT IS EXPOSED.
13. GRAINS OF SUGAR HAVE A
GREATER SURFACE AREA THAN A SOLID
CUBE OF SUGAR OF THE SAME MASS,
AND THEREFORE WILL
DISSOLVE QUICKER IN WATER.
14. DECREASING THE TEMPERATURE
CAUSES THE PARTICLES (ATOMS OR
MOLECULES) OF THE REACTANTS TO MOVE
MORE QUICKLY SO THAT THEY COLLIDE
WITH EACH OTHER MORE FREQUENTLY
AND WITH MORE ENERGY.
15. CATALYST DESCRIBES THE IDEA THAT
ATOMS, IONS, AND
MOLECULES MUST COLLIDE IN ORDER
TO REACT.
ACTIVITY 1. FILL ME!
• 1. The students will answer the activity using their
permanent group
• 2. Each group should work together to be able to fill the
blanks in order to complete the passage.
• [Link] answering the students will share their answers in
class through recitation.
Concentration
Activation energy
Catalyst
Temperature
Particle Size
Enzyme
INCREASING THE ___________ OF A SYSTEM
INCREASES THE AVERAGE KINETIC ENERGY OF ITS
CONSTITUENT PARTICLES. AS THE AVERAGE KINETIC
ENERGY INCREASES, THE PARTICLES MOVE FASTER AND
COLLIDE MORE FREQUENTLY PER UNIT TIME AND
POSSESS GREATER ENERGY WHEN THEY COLLIDE.
WHEN THE ___________ OF ALL THE REACTANTS
INCREASES, MORE MOLECULES OR IONS INTERACT TO
FORM NEW COMPOUNDS, AND THE RATE OF
REACTION INCREASES.
WHEN SOLIDS AND LIQUIDS REACT, INCREASING
THE SURFACE AREA OF THE SOLID WILL INCREASE
THE REACTION RATE. A DECREASE IN
___________ CAUSES AN INCREASE IN THE
SOLID’S TOTAL SURFACE AREA. COLLISIONS ONLY
RESULT IN A REACTION IF THE PARTICLES COLLIDE
WITH A CERTAIN MINIMUM ENERGY CALLED THE
___________ FOR THE REACTION.
THE POSITION OF ACTIVATION ENERGY CAN BE
DETERMINED ON A MAXWELL-BOLTZMANN
DISTRIBUTION. TO INCREASE THE RATE OF A REACTION,
THE NUMBER OF SUCCESSFUL COLLISIONS MUST BE
INCREASED. ONE POSSIBLE WAY OF DOING THIS IS TO
PROVIDE AN ALTERNATIVE WAY FOR THE REACTION TO
HAPPEN WHICH HAS A LOWER ACTIVATION ENERGY.
ADDING ___________ HAS THIS EFFECT ON
ACTIVATION ENERGY.
IT PROVIDES AN ALTERNATIVE ROUTE FOR THE
REACTION WITH A LOWER ACTIVATION ENERGY.
CATALYSTS ARE EVERYWHERE! MANY BIOCHEMICAL
PROCESSES, SUCH AS THE OXIDATION OF GLUCOSE,
ARE HEAVILY DEPENDENT ON ___________, PROTEINS
THAT BEHAVE AS CATALYSTS.
Activity 2: Apple Time!
So, apples go brown when their flesh reacts
with air. In the pictures below, which apple
will go brown the quickest? Why?
KEY TERMS
• • Activation energy: the minimum energy required for a
reaction to occur.
• • Catalysis: the increase in the rate of a chemical reaction by
lowering its activation energy.
• • Transition state: an intermediate state during a chemical
reaction that has a higher energy than the reactants or the
products.
• Maxwell-Boltzmann Distribution: a
probability distribution used for describing the
speeds of various particles within a stationary
container at a specific temperature. The
distribution is often represented with a graph,
with the y-axis defined as the number of
molecules and the x-axis defined as the speed.
THE EFFECT OF A CATALYST ON RATE
OF REACTION
•This part explains how adding a catalyst affects
the rate of reaction. It assumes familiarity with
basic concepts in the collision theory of reaction
rates, and with the Maxwell-Boltzmann
distribution of molecular energies in a gas.
•A catalyst is a substance which speeds up a
reaction, but is chemically unchanged at its end.
When the reaction has finished, the mass of
catalyst is the same as at the beginning. Several
examples of catalyzed reactions and their
respective catalysts are given below:
Reaction Catalyst
Decomposition of hydrogen manganese(IV) oxide, MnO2
peroxide
Nitration of benzene concentrated sulfuric acid
Manufacture of ammonia by the iron
Haber Process
Conversion of SO2 into SO3 vanadium(V) oxide, V2O5
during the Contact Process to
make sulfuric acid
Hydrogenation of a C=C double nickel
bond
THE IMPORTANCE OF ACTIVATION
ENERGY
•Collisions only result in a reaction if the particles
collide with a certain minimum energy called the
activation energy for the reaction. The position of
activation energy can be determined on a
Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution:
•To increase the rate of a reaction, the number
of successful collisions must be increased. One
possible way of doing this is to provide an
alternative way for the reaction to happen
which has a lower activation energy. In other
words, to move the activation energy to the left
on the graph:
ACTIVITY 3: WATCHING TIME!
• 1. the students will work individually.
• 2. After watching the students will answer guide
questions.
• 3. the students will share their answer through recitation.
• 4. The teacher will also add some information
regarding on the topic presented.
•VIDEO 1: Guide Questions
•1. What is a catalyst?
•2. How does catalyst work?
•3. In the video, where are catalysts used
in everyday life?
VIDEO
• VIDEO 2: Guide Questions
• 1. What substance in the experiment contains catalyst that
helps in the reaction?
• [Link] happens when the yeast is added to the hydrogen
peroxide?
• 3. What enzyme catalyst was produced by the substance?
• 4. How would you differentiate catalyst from temperature as
a factor affecting the rate of reaction?
• 5. What is the significance of putting flame on the solution
in the experiment?
VIDEO
ACTIVITY #4: CRITICAL THINKING
•1. The students will work individually
•2. The students will complete the group of words
to form relevant ideas about the lesson.
•3. After answering the student will share their
answers in class through draw lots..
•A catalyst is…
• An enzyme…
• Activation energy is related to rate of
reaction because…
• Without catalyst, life is
ACTIVITY #5: ACROSTIC POEM
• 1. The students will work as a group.
• 2. The students need to make an acrostic poem using the
word CATALYST. In making the poem they may also write
the importance of catalyst in our daily life.
• 3. After answering their answers on manila paper will be
posted in the board.
• 4. For the presentation there will be a draw lots
• C-
• A-
• T-
• A-
• L-
• Y-
• S-
• T-