PHILIPPINE HISTORY ON S&T
The Philippines today is known to be a Third World
country.
The development of S&T will determine the socio-
economic growth of the Philippines.
National progress is dependent on the production of
local industrial goods for domestic needs.
Foreign investors investing on domestic products
invented by Filipinos will greatly affect our economy.
Increase in tourism industry with foreign people
buying our local products.
It is also a fact that the continuous development in
the field of S&T could make a different history for the
country.
We need to support the programs that had been
started by the government to regain our status and
glory to the global competition.
1. PRE-SPANISH PERIOD
The Philippines has few written information with
regards to its society, culture, and technology
before the Spanish arrived.
Only the archeological findings were relied upon
to trace the beginning of how the Filipinos lived
with the use of S&T.
o The early inhabitants of the archipelago had their
own culture and traditions.
o Own belief system and indigenous knowledge
o Keeps them organized and sustained their lives
and communities for many years.
PRE-SPANISH PHILIPPINES
Embedded in the way of life
SCIENCE
o Planting crops that provide them food
o Taking care of animals
o Food production
o Interpret the movements of heavenly bodies to
predict seasons and climates
o Medicinal uses of plants
TECHNOLOGY
o Building houses
o Irrigations
o Developing tools
o Musical instruments
Metal Age influence
o Gold and silver jewelry
o Trading with other countries
o Indigenous or Folk Science
PRE-SPANISH PERIOD
Even before the colonization by the Spaniards in the
Philippine islands, the natives of the archipelago
already had practices linked to science and
technology.
PRE-SPANISH PERIOD
Filipinos were already aware of the medicinal and
therapeutic properties of plants and the methods of
extracting medicine from herbs.
PRE-SPANISH PERIOD
They already had an alphabet, number system, a
weighing and measuring system and a calendar.
Filipinos were already engaged in farming,
shipbuilding, mining and weaving.
PRE-SPANISH PERIOD
• The Banaue Rice Terraces are among the
sophisticated products of engineering by pre-
Spanish era Filipinos.
2. SPANISH COLONIAL PERIOD
The colonization of the Philippines contributed to
growth of science and technology in the archipelago.
SPANISH COLONIAL PERIOD
The Spanish introduced formal education and
founded scientific institution.
During the early years of Spanish rule in the
Philippines. Parish schools were established where
religion, reading, writing, arithmetic and music was
taught.
SPANISH COLONIAL PERIOD
Sanitation and more advanced methods of
agriculture were taught to the natives.
SPANISH COLONIAL PERIOD
Later the Spanish established colleges and
universities in the archipelago including the oldest
existing university in Asia, the University of Santo
Tomas.
SPANISH COLONIAL PERIOD
The Galleon Trade have accounted in the Philippine
colonial economy.
Trade was given more focus by the Spaniard colonial
authorities due to the prospects of big profits.
SPANISH COLONIAL PERIOD
Agriculture and industrial development on the other
hand were relatively neglected.
The opening of the Suez Canal saw the influx of
European visitors to the Spanish colony and some
Filipinos were able to study in Europe who were
probably influenced by the rapid development of
scientific ideals brought by the Age of Enlightenment.
SPANISH COLONIAL PERIOD
3. AMERICAN PERIOD
The progress of science and technology in the
Philippines continued under American rule of the
islands.
On July 1, 1901 The Philippine Commission
established the Bureau of Government Laboratories
which was placed under the Department of Interior.
The Bureau replaced the Laboratorio Municipal,
which was established under the Spanish colonial
era. The Bureau dealt with the study of tropical
diseases and laboratory projects.
AMERICAN PERIOD
On October 26, 1905, the Bureau of Government
Laboratories was replaced by the Bureau of Science
and on December 8, 1933, the National Research
Council of the Philippines was established.
AMERICAN PERIOD
The Bureau of Science became the primary
government office.
AMERICAN PERIOD
Science during the American period was inclined
towards agriculture, food processing, forestry,
medicine and pharmacy.
AMERICAN PERIOD
Not much focus was given on the development of
industrial technology due to free trade policy with the
United States which nurtured an economy geared
towards agriculture and trade.
AMERICAN PERIOD
In 1946 the Bureau of Science was replaced by the
Institute of Science.
In a report by the US Economic Survey to the
Philippines in 1950, there is a lack of basic
information which were necessities to the country's
industries, lack of support of experimental work and
minimal budget for scientific research and low
salaries of scientists employed by the government.
AMERICAN PERIOD
In 1958, during the administration of President
Carlos P. Garcia, the Philippine Congress passed
the Science Act of 1958 which established the
National Science Development Board.
4. MARCOS ERA
During the 1970s, which was the time of Ferdinand
Marcos' presidency, the importance given to science
grew.
Under the 1973 Philippine Constitution, Article XV,
Section 1, the government's role in supporting
scientific research and invention was acknowledged.
MARCOS ERA
1968
Pres. Marcos recognized that technology was the top
reason in economic development and even gave extra
funds to support projects in applied science and
science education.
1969
He allotted large amount of war damage funds to
private universities to create courses on science &
technology and research.
MARCOS ERA
1970
He upgraded the science curriculum and emphasized
that teaching equipment is crucial to the science
development program.
1972
He declared Presidential Decree No. 49, S1972 as a
support for promoting the scientific research and
invention.
MARCOS ERA
One of his greatest contributions is the establishment
of PAGASA whose function is to give environmental
protection and to utilize scientific knowledge to
ensure the safety of the nation.
1976
He established the National Academy of S & T
1986
Established the Visayas and Mindanao campuses
of the Philippine Science High School to encourage
the youth in these areas to choose a career in S&T.
MARCOS ERA
Also in 1974, a science development program
was included in the government's Four-Year
Development Plan which covers the years 1974-
1978.
Funding for science was also increased. The
National Science Development Board was
replaced by the National Science and Technology
Authority under Executive Order No. 784. A
Scientific Career in the civil service was
introduced in 1983.
5. FIFTH REPUBLIC
In 1986, during Corazon Aquino's presidency, the
National Science and Technology Authority was
replaced by the Department of Science and
Technology, giving science and technology a
representation in the cabinet.
FIFTH REPUBLIC
Under the Medium Term Philippine Development
Plan for the years 1987-1992, science and
technology's role in economic recovery and
sustained economic growth was highlighted.
During Corazon Aquino's State of the Nation
Address in 1990, she said that science and
technology development shall be one of the top
three priorities of the government towards an
economic recovery.
FIFTH REPUBLIC
In August 8, 1988, Corazon Aquino created the
Presidential Task Force for Science and Technology
which came up with the first Science and Technology
Master Plan or STMP. The goal of STMP was for the
Philippines to achieve newly industrialized country status
by the year 2000.
The Congress did not put much priority in handling bills
related to science and technology. The Senate
Committee on Science and Technology was one of the
committees that handles the least amount of bills for
deliberation.
FIFTH REPUBLIC
In 1989, former Science and Technology secretary,
Ceferin Follosco, reported that the budget allocation
for science and technology was increased to 1.054
billion pesos in 1989 from the previous year's 464
million pesos.
However, due to the Asian financial crisis, budget
allocation for the years 1990 and 1991 were trimmed
down to 920 and 854 million pesos respectively.
Budget allocation were increased to 1.7 billion pesos
in 1992.
FIFTH REPUBLIC
July 1992
Pres. Fidel V. Ramos reported in his first SONA
that there were improvements in S&T
1994
He reported that there was a significant increase in
people who specialize in S&T
1998
The Philippines has 3,000 competent scientists and
engineers.
FIFTH REPUBLIC
It was during the fifth republic that the government
provided 3,500 scholarships for students who are
interested in S&T courses. Schools became
modernized and updated by having additional
high-tech equipment.
RA No. 8439 S1997
Magna Carta for S&T Personnel to give incentives
and rewards to people who made an impact and
became influential in the field of S&T.
FIFTH REPUBLIC
1998
During Pres. JE Estrada’s term, the Internet age
was pushed for the advancement of schools and
industry.
FIFTH REPUBLIC
It was during the term of Pres. Gloria Macapagal-
Arroyo when S&T reached its golden age.
FIFTH REPUBLIC
Numerous laws and projects related to science were
made in order to push technology forward to increase the
economic level of the country.
RA 9367 Biofuel’s Act that promotes the development
and usage of biofuels throughout the country.
In 2014 Pres. Benigno Aquino honored four scientists
who gave huge contributions in the scientific field that
geared towards the advancement of S&T in our country.
ANSWER THE FOLLOWING:
1. Among the presidents of the Philippines,
who do you think gave the biggest
importance on S&T during their term and
why? Explain.
2. How will you promote to the “millenials” to
take part in the development of S&T?
3. If you will be an author of a law that will
give importance to S&T, what law will you
make and why? Explain.
THANKS A LOT ….