ENGLISH FOR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY

1. Nội dung chi tiết học phần

Bài 1. Tìm hiểu các loại máy tính. (Some types of computers)
Máy tính (The computer)
a) Từ vựng
Accumulator (n) Tổng
Addition (n) Phép cộng
Address (n) Địa chỉ
Appropriate (a) Thích hợp
Arithmetic (n) Số học
Capability (n) Khả năng
Circuit (n) Mạch
Complex (a) Phức tạp
Component (n) Thành phần
Computer (n) Máy tính
Computerize (v) Tin học hóa
Demagnetize (v) Khử từ hóa
Device (n) Thiết bị
Disk (n) Đĩa
Division (n) Phép chia
Electronic (n,a) Điện tử, có liên quan đến máy
tính
Equal (a) Bằng
Exponentiation (n) Lũy thừa, hàm mũ
External (a) Ngoài, bên ngoài
Feature (n) Thuộc tính
Firmware (n) Phần mềm được cứng hóa
Function (n) Hàm, chức năng
Fundamental (a) Cơ bản
Greater (a) Lớn hơn
Handle (v) Giải quyết, xử lý
Input (v,n) Vào, nhập vào
Instruction (n) Chỉ dẫn
Internal (a) Trong, bên trong

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Intricate (a) Phức tạp
Less (a) Ít hơn
Logical (a) Một cách logic
Magnetic (a) Từ
Magnetize (v) Từ hóa, nhiễm từ
Manipulate (n) Xử lý
Mathematical (a) Toán học, có tính chất toán học
Mechanical (a) Cơ khí, có tính chất cơ khí
Memory (n) Bộ nhớ
Microcomputer (n) Máy vi tính
Microprocessor (n) Bộ vi xử lý
Minicomputer (n) Máy tính mini

Multiplication (n) Phép nhân

Numeric (a) Số học, thuộc về số
học
Operation (n) Thao tác
Output (v,n) Ra, đưa ra
Perform (v) Tiến hành, thi hành
Process (v) Xử lý
Processor (n) Bộ xử lý
Pulse (n) Xung
Register (v,n) Thanh ghi, đăng ký
Signal (n) Tín hiệu
Solution (n) Giải pháp, lời giải
Store (v) Lưu trữ
Subtraction (n) Phép trừ
Switch (n) Chuyển
Tape (v,n) Ghi băng, băng
Terminal (n) Máy trạm
Transmit (v) Truyền

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b) Đọc bài khóa
A computer is a machine with an intricate network of electronic circuits that operate
switches or magnetize tiny metal cores. The I switches, like the cores, are capable of being
in one of two possible I states, that is, on or off; magnetized or demagnetized. The machine
is capable of storing and manipulating numbers, letters, and [Link] basic idea of a
computer is that we can make the machine do what we want by inputting signals that turn
certain switches on and turn others off, or that magnetize or do not magnetize the cores.
The basic job of computers is the processing of information. For this reason, computer
can be defined as devices which accept information in the form of instructions called a
program and characters called data, perform mathematical and/or logical operations on the
information, and then supply results of these operations. The program, or part of it, which
tells the computers what to do and the data, which provide the information needed to solve
the problem, are kept inside the computer in a place called memory.
Computers are thought to have many remarkable powers. However, most computers,
whether large or small have three basic capabilities. First, computers have circuits for
performing arithmetic operations, such as: addition, subtraction, division, multiplication and
exponentiation. Second, computers have a means of communicating with the user. After all,
if we couldn't feed information in and get results back, these machines wouldn't be of much
use. However,. certain computers (commonly minicomputers and microcomputers) are used
to control directly things such as robots, aircraft navigation systems, medical instruments,
etc.
Some of the most common methods of inputting information are to use punched cards,
magnetic tape, disks, and terminals. The computer's input device (which might be a card
reader, a tape drive or disk drive, depending on the medium used in inputting information)
reads theinformation into the computer.
For outputting infonnation, two common devices used are a printer which prints the
new information on paper, or a CRT display screen which shows the results on a TV-like
screen.
Third, computers have circuits which can make decisions. The kinds of decisions
which computer circuits can make are not of the type: "Who would win a war between two
countries?" or "Who is the richest person in the world?" Unfortunately, the computer can
only decide three things, named: Is one number less than another? Are two numbers equal?
and, Is one number greater than another?
A computer can solve a series of problems and make hundreds, even thousands, of
logical decisions without becoming tired or bored. It can find the solution to a problem in a
fraction of the time it takes a human being to do the job. A computer can replace people in
dull, routine tasks, but it has no originality; it works according to the instructions given to it
and cannot exercise any value judgements. There are times when a computer seems to
operate like a mechanical "brain", but its achievements are limited by the minds of human
beings. A computer cannot do anything unless a person tells it what to do and gives it the
appropriate infonnation; but because electric pulses can move at the speed of light, a
computer can carry out vast numbers of arithmeticlogical operations almost instantaneously.
A person can do everything a computer can do, but in many cases that person would be dead
long before the job wasfinished.

Main idea

Which statement best expresses the main idea of the text? Why did you eliminate the
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 other choices?

1. Computers have changed the way in which many kinds of jobs are done.
2. Instructions and data must be given to the computer.
3. Computers are machines capable of processing and outputting data.
4. Without computers, many tasks would take much longer to do.

Understanding the passage

Decide whether the following statements are true or false (T/F) by referring to the
information in the text. Then make the necessary changes so that the false statements
become true.

5. A computer can store or handle any data even if it hasn't received information to do so.
6. All computers accept and process information in the form of instructions and
characters.

7. The information necessary for solving problems is found in the memory of the
computer.
8. Not all computers can perform arithmetic operations, make decisions, and
communicate in some ways with the users.
9. Computers can still be useful machines even if they can't communicate with the users.
10. There are many different devices used for feeding information into a computer.

11. There aren't as many different types of devices used for giving results as there are for
accepting information.
12. Computers can make any type of decisions they are asked to do.
13. Computers can work endlessly without having to stop to rest unless there is a
breakdown.

c) Xem lại điểm ngữ pháp

Trong Tiếng Anh các đại từ it, they, them, I, he, she và các đại từ quan hệ which, who,
whose, that, such, that, one được sử dụng để diễn tả các từ, cụm từ đã xuất hiện trước đó. Nó
được sử dụng như những từ để thay thế tránh lặp lại trong một đoạn văn ngắn. Ngoài ra còn có
các từ sau:

the former (cái đứng nhắc tới trước), the latter (cái nhắc tới sau)

the first (cái đầu tiên), the second (cái thứ hai)v.v.. the last (cái cuối cùng)

Bài tập: Đọc bài khoá rồi tìm các từ và cụm từ được in đậm ám chỉ tới

1. that operate switches

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 2. which accept information
3. or part of it
4. which tells the computer
5. which prints the new information
6. which shows the results
7. which can make decisions
8. it can be find the solution
9. it has no originality
10. tells it what to do
Nâng cao:
Input-process-output
Processing systems accomplish a task: they take one or more inputs and carry
out a process to produce one or more outputs. An input is something put into the
system, a process is a series of' actions or changes carried out by the system, while
an output is something taken from the system.
d) Hội thoại
Dialogue 1: Buying your first computer.

Pair work. Practice the conversation.

Mary: Hi Jim. How's it going?

Jim: Pretty good. I'm going to buy a new computer this afternoon.
Mary: What kind are you going to buy?
Jim: I think I'll buy a desktop, maybe a Gateway or Compaq.
Mary: Those are very popular in America, and the prices are really coming down.
Dialogue 2: Printer problems
Pair work. Practice the conversation.
Linda: I finished my report, but the printer is broken. What can I do?
Mary: Save the file on a USB driver and bring it to my house. We can use my printer.
Linda: That's a great idea.
Mary: Or, email it to me - that might be faster.
Linda: Hmm, that won't work. The report has graphs.*
* Is this really true? How can you send pictures by Email?

Lecture: the roots of the Internet: where it is now, what the future might bring.
Many people have heard the word "Internet", but what is it? A computer network is a
group of computers linked together so they can share data. The Internet is the linking of the
thousands of computer networks around the world. It started in the 1970s in the US as a military

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program. Today, more than 120 countries and 60 million people use the Internet.
Dialogue 3: CD-ROMs and games Pair work.
Practice the conversation.
Jim: Should I get a CD-ROM with my new computer?
Mary: Of course. All the good game software now comes on CDs.
Jim: CDs are also good for multi-media software.
Mary: Yeah. I love playing Myst. Ừ,
Jim: I hear Riven is even better.
e) Bài tập mở rộng
1) Write down whether the following statements are true orfalse.
a) Computers can think
b) All systems are made up of groups of elements
c) Computers can remember a set of instructions.
d) Computers make few mistakes.
e) A computer does not learn from past experiences.
f) Output is something put into the system.
g) A computer was first developed to perform numerical calculations.
h) Computers are human.
i) Our modern society is dependent on computers
j) Computers hate people.

2) Chia động từ trong ngoặc

1. Various terminals (connect) to this workstation.
2. Microcomputers (know) as 'PUs'.
3. Magazines (typeset) by computers.
4. When a particular program is run, the data (process) by the
computer very rapidly
5. Hard disks (use) for the permanent storage of information.
6. The drug-detecting test in the Tour de France (support) by computers.
7. All the activities of the computer system (coordinate)by the
centralprocessing unit.
8. In some modern systems information (hold) in optical disks.

3) Dịch đoạn văn sau sang Tiếng Việt

What can computers do?
Computers and microchips have become part of our everyday lives: we visit
shops and offices which have been designed with the help of computers, we read

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 magazines which have been produced on computer, we pay bills prepared by
computers. Just picking up a telephone and dialling a number involves the use of a
sophisticated computer system, as does making a flight reservation or bank transaction.
We encounter daily many computers that spring to life the instant they're
switched on (e.g. calculators, the car's electronic ignition, the timer in the microwave,
or the programmer inside the TV set), all of which use chip technology.
What makes your computer such a miraculous device? Each time you turn it on,
it is a tabula rasa that, with appropriate hardware and software, is capable of doing
anything you ask. It is a calculating machine that speeds up financial calculations. It
is an electronic filing cabinet which manages large collections of data such as
customers' lists, accounts, or inventories. It is a magical typewriter that -allows you to
type and print any kind of document - letters, memos or legal documents. It is a
personal communicator that enables you to interact with other computers and with
people around the world. If you like gadgets and electronic entertainment, you can
even use your PC to relax with computer games.
f) Tóm tắt nội dung
Trong bài này chúng ta đã học những nội dung sau:
a) Computers are machines capable of processing and outputting data.
b) All computers accept and process information in the form of instructions and
characters
c) Trong Tiếng Anh các đại từ it, they, them, I, he, she và các đại từ quan hệ
which, who, whose, that, such, that, one được sử dụng để diễn tả các từ, cụm
từ đã xuất hiện trước đó. Nó được sử dụng như những từ để thay thế tránh lặp
lại trong một đoạn văn ngắn.
d) Học tình huống mua một chiếc máy tính với cấu trúc
e) Biết thêm khái niệm đầu vào-xử lý-đầu ra

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 Bài 2: Lịch sử máy tính (History of computer)
a) Từ vựng
Abacus (n) Bàn tính
Allocate (v) Phân phối
Analog (n) Tương tự
Application (n) Ứng dụng
Binary (a) Nhị phân, thuộc về nhị phân
Calculation (n) Tính toán
Command (v,n) Ra lệnh, lệnh (trong máy tính)
Dependable (a) Có thể tin cậy được
Devise (v) Phát minh
Different (a) Khác biệt
Digital (a) Số, thuộc về số
Etch (v) Khắc axit
Experiment (v,n) Tiến hành thí nghiệm, cuộc thí
nghiệm
Figure out (v) Tính toán, tìm ra
Generation (n) Thế hệ
History (n) Lịch sử
Imprint (v) In, khắc
Integrate (v) Tích hợp
Invention (n) Phát minh
Layer (n) Tầng, lớp
Mainframe computer (n) Máy tính lớn
Mathematician (n) Nhà toán học
Microminiaturize (v) Vi hóa
Multi-task (n) Đa nhiệm
Multi-user (n) Đa người dùng
Operating system (n) Hệ điều hành
Particular (a) Đặc biệt
Predecessor (n) Người, vật tiền nhiệm; tổ
tiên
Priority (n) Sự ưu tiên
Productivity (n) Hiệu suất
Real-time (a) Thời gian thực
Schedule (v,n) Lập lịch; lịch biểu

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 Similar (a) Giống
Storage (n) Lưu trữ
Technology (n) Công nghệ
Tiny (a) Nhỏ bé
Transistor (n) Bóng bán dẫn
Vacuum tube (n) Bóng chân không

b) Đọc bài khóa

Let us take a look at the history of the computer that we know today. The very first
calculating device used was the ten fingers of a man's hands. This, in fact, is why today we still
count in tents and multiples of tens. Then the abacus was invented, a bead frame in which the
beads are moved from left to right. People went on using some form of abacus well into the 16th
century, and it is still being used in some parts of the world because it can be understood without
knowing how to read.
During the 17th and 18th centuries many people tried to find easy ways of calculating. J.
Napier, a Scotsman, devised a mechanical way of multiplying and dividing, which is how the
modem slide rule works. Henry Briggs used Napier's ideas to produce logarithm tables which
all mathematicians use today. Calculus, another branch of mathematics, was independently
invented by Sir Isaac Newton, an Englishman, and Leibnitz, a German mathematician.
The first real calculating machine appeared in 1820 as the result of several people's
experiments. This type of machine, which saves a great deal of time and reduces the possibility
of making mistakes, depends on a series of ten-toothed gear wheels. In 1830 Charles Babbage,
an Englishman, designed a machine that was called "The Analytical Engine". This machine,
which Babbage showed at the Paris Exhibition in 1855, was an attempt to cut out the human
being altogether, except for providing the machine with the necessary facts about the problem
to be solved. He never finished this work, but many of his ideas were the basis for building
today's computers.
In 1930, the first analog computer was built by an American named Vannevar Bush. This
device was used in World War II to help aim guns. Mark I, the name given to the first digital
computer, was completed in 1944. The men responsible for this invention were Professor
Howard Aiken and some people from IBM. This was the first machine that could figure out long
lists of mathematical problems, all at a very fast rate. In 1946 two engineers at the University of
Pennsylvania, J. Eckert and J. Mauchly, built the first digital computer using parts called vacuum
tubes. They named their new invention ENIAC. Another important advancement in computers
came in 1947, when John Yon Newmann developed the idea of keeping instructions for the
computer inside the computer's memory.
The first generation of computers, which used vacuum tubes, came out in 1950. Univac
I is an example of these computers which could perform thousands of calculations per second.
In 1960, the second generation of computers was developed and these could perform work ten
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times faster than their predecessors. The reason for this extra speed was the use of transistors
instead of vacuum tubes. Second-generation computers were smaller, faster and more
dependable than first- generation computers. The third-generation computers appeared on the
market in 1965. These computers could do a million calculations a second, which is 1000 times
as many as first generation computers. Unlike second-generation computers, these are controlled
by tiny integrated circuits and are consequently smaller and more dependable. Fourth-generation
computers have now arrived, and the integrated circuits that are being developed have been
greatly reduced in size. This is due to microminiaturization, which means that the circuits are
much smaller than before; as many as 1000 tiny circuits now fit onto a single chip. A chip is a
square or rectangular piece of silicon, usually from 1/10 to 1/4 inch, upon which several layers
of an integrated circuit are etched or imprinted, after which the circuit is encapsulated in plastic,
ceramic or metal. Fourth-generation computers are 50 times faster than third - generation
computers and can complete approximately 1,000,000 instructions per second.
At the rate computer technology is growing, today's computers might be obsolete by 1985
and most certainly by 1990. It has been said that if transport technology had developed as rapidly
as computer technology, a trip across the Atlantic Ocean today would take a few seconds.
Main idea
Which statement best expresses the main idea of the text? Why did you eliminate
the other choices?
1. Computers, as we know them today, have gone through manychanges.
2. Today's computer probably won't be around for long.
3. Computers have had a very short history.
Understanding the passage
Decide whether the following statements are true or false (T/F) by referring to the
information in the text. Then make the necessary changes so that the false statements
become true.
4. The abacus and the fingers are two calculating devices still in use today.
5. The slide rule was invented hundreds of years ago.
6. During the early 1880s, many people worked on inventing a mechanical calculating
machine.
7. Charles Babbage, an Englishman, could well be called the father of computers.
8. The first computer was invented and built in the USA.
9. Instructions used by computers have always been kept inside the computer's memory.
10. Using transistors instead of vacuum tubes did nothing to increase the speed at which
calculations were done.
11. As computers evolved, their size decreased andtheir dependability increased.
12. Today's computers have more circuits than previous computers.
13. Computer technology has developed to a point from which new developments in the
field will take a long time to come.

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c) Xem lại điểm ngữ pháp
Trong Tiếng Anh, các hậu tố sau thường xuất hiện:
- Để tạo thành các danh từ: ance, ence, or, er, ist, ness.
- Để tạo thành các động từ: ize, ate, fy, en, ify.
- Để tạo thành các tính từ: able, ible, less, ic, ical, ish, ive
- Để tạo thành các phó từ: ly
Hãy điền vào khoảng trống dạng thích hợp của các từ
1. operation, operate, operator, operational, operationally, operating
1. A computer can perform mathematical ...... veryquickly.
2. One of the first persons to note that the computer is malfunctioning is the computer
......
3. The job of a computer operator is to ......... the various machines in a computer
installation.
4. The new machines in the computer installation are not yet ........
2. acceptance, accept, accepted, acceptable, acceptably
5. A computer is a device which ...... processes and gives out information.
6. The students are still waiting for their ..... into the Computer Science program.
7. It is ..... to work without a template if the flowcharts are not kept onfile.
Nâng cao:
Refinement and synthesis
Refining a system means analysing it in more detail and breaking it down into
smaller components. Each part of the process may be considered either as a system in
itself, or as a sub- system. A sub-system is a small system which is part of a larger
system. It also contains a group of elements which work together to achieve a purpose.
Synthesis is the reverse process; it involves combining simple sub-systems into a
larger, more complex system.
d) Hội thoại:
Dialogue 1 - Jim is at a store buying a computer.
Pair work. Practice the conversation.
Clerk: May I help you?
Jim: Yes, I want to buy a new computer.
Clerk: How much RAM do you need? How big a hard drive will you need?
Jim:Well, Windows 95 needs at least 32 MBs RAM, and I'll be using a lot of word
processors and game programs.
Clerk: I recommend a Pentium 300 with an 8 GB hard drive.
Pair work: What kind of computer do you want? If you have a computer, what do you have?
Dialogue 2:

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 Pair work. Practice the conversation.
Jim: Does this desktop come with a monitor?
Clerk: Yes, a 15 inch monitor is included, but I suggest buying a 17 inch one instead.
Jim: What kind of sound card does it have?
Clerk: It has a Sound Blaster 16.

Group work: discussion - What kind of computers have you used?

Reading: When only a few computers are hooked together, usually in a single office or
building, the result is called a Local Area Network (LAN). When the computers are connected
over a greater distance, for example sales offices throughout a city, the result is called a Wide
Area Network (WAN). Connecting all of these LANs and WANs together results in an Internet.
The Internet is the world wide connection of all different kinds of networks. A new kind of
network is emerging for businesses called an intranet. This refers to all the computers in a
company sharing data using the same kind of system as the Internet.

e) Bài tập mở rộng

1) Điền các từ, cụm từ sau vào chỗ trống
the various parts of the program, language, binary numbers, may occur in
programs, a given problem
1 algorithm
The step-by-step specification of how to reach the solution to ......................................
2 flowchart
A diagram representing the logical sequence between ..................................................
3 coding
The translation of the logical steps into a programming …………................................
4 machine code
The basic instructions understood by computers. The processor operates on codes
which consist of ....................................
5 debugging
The techniques of detecting, diagnosing and correcting errors (or
'bugs') which ..............................
2) Dịch đoạn văn sau sang Tiếng Việt
What does a scanner do?
A scanner converts fext or pictures into electronic codes that can be
manipulated by the computer.
In a flatbed scanner, the paper with the image is placed face down on a
glass screen similar to a photocopier. Beneath the glass are the lighting and
measurement devices. Once the scanner is activated, it reads the image as a
series of dots and then generates a digitized image that is sent to the computer
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and stored as a file. The manufacturer usually includes software which offers
different ways of treating the scanned image.
A colour scanner operates by using three rotating lamps, each of which has
a different coloured fIlter: red, green and blue. The resulting three separate
images are combined into one by appropriate software.

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 Bài 3: Những đặc tính của máy tính (Characteristics of computer)

a) Từ vựng
Ability (a) Khả năng
Access (v,n) Truy cập; sự truy cập
Acoustic coupler (n) Bộ ghép âm
Analyst (n) Nhà phân tích
Centerpiece (n) Mảnh trung tâm
Channel (n) Kênh
Characteristic (n) Thuộc tính, nét tính cách
Cluster controller (n) Bộ điều khiển trùm
Consist (of) (v) Bao gồm
Convert (v) Chuyển đổi
Equipment (n) Trang thiết bị
Gateway (n) Cổng kết nối Internet cho những mạng
lớn
Interact (v) Tương tác
Limit (v,n) Hạn chế
Merge (v) Trộn
Multiplexor (n) Bộ dồn kênh
Network (n) Mạng
Peripheral (a) Ngoại vi
Reliability (n) Sự có thể tin cậy được
Single-purpose (n) Đơn mục đích
Teleconference (n) Hội thảo từ xa
Tremendous (a) Nhiều, to lớn, khủng khiếp
b) Đọc bài khóa
Corpputers are machines designed to process, electronically, specially prepared pieces of
information which are termed data. Handling or manipulating the information that has been
given to the computer, in such ways as doing calculations, adding information or making
comparisons is called processing. Computers are made up of millions of electronic devices
capable of storing data or moving them, at enormous speeds, through complex circuits with
different functions.
All computers have several characteristics in common, regardless of make or design.
Information, in the form of instructions and data, is given to the machine, after which the
machine acts on it, and a result is then returned. The information presented to the machine is
the input; the internal manipulative operations, the processing; and the result, the output. These
three basic concepts of input, processing, and output occur in almost every aspect of human life
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whether at work or at play. For example, in clothing manufacturing, the input is the pieces of
cut cloth, the processing is the sewing together of these pieces, and the output is the finished
garment.

Figure shows schematically the fundamental hardware components in a computer system.

The centerpiece is called either the computer, the processor, or usually, the central processing
unit (CPU). The term "computer" includes those parts of hardware in which calculations and
other data anipulations are performed, and the high-speed internal memory in which data and
calculations are stored during actual execution of programs. Attached to the CPU are the
various peripheral devices such as card reader and keyboards (two common examples of input
devices). When data or program need to be saved for long period of time, they are stored on
various secondary memory devices of storage devices such a magnetic tapes or magneticdisks.
Computers have often been thought of as extremely large adding machines, but this is a
very narrow view of their function. Although a computer can only respond to certain number
of instructions, it is not a single-purpose machine since these instructions can be combined in
an infinite number of sequences. Therefore, a computer has no known limit on the kinds of
things it can do; its versatility is limited only by the imagination of those using it.
In the late 1950s and early 1960s when electronic computers of the kind in use today
were being developed, they were very expensive to own and run. Moreover, their size and
reliability were such that a large number of support personnel were needed to keep the
equipment operating. This has all changed now that computing power has become portable,
more compact, and cheaper.
In only a very short period of time, computers have greatly changed the way in which
many kinds of work are performed. Computers can remove many of the routine and boring
tasks from our lives, thereby leaving us with more time for interesting, creative work. It goes
without saying that computers have created whole new areas of work that did not exist before
their development.
 Các ý chính trong bài
- All computers have an input, a processor, an output and a storage device.
- All computers have the same basic hardware components.
- All information to be processed must be prepared in such a way that the computer will
understand it.
- Because of the complex electronic circuitry of a computer, data can be either stored or
moved about at high speeds.
- The processor is the central component of a computer system.
- All other devices used in a computer system are attached to the CPU.
- Memory devices are used for storing information.
Main idea
Which statement best expresses the main idea of the text? Why did you eliminate the other
15
choices?
1. Computers have changed the way in which we live.
2. All computers have an input, a processor output and a storage device.
3. Computers have decreased man's workload.
4. All computers have the same basic hardwarecomponents.
Understanding the passage
Decide whether the following statements are true or false (T/F) by referring to the
information in the text. Then make the necessary changes so that the false statement
become true.
5. All information to be processed must be prepared in such a way that the
computer will understand it.
6. Because of the complex electronic circuitry of a computer, data can be either
stored or moved about at high speeds.
7. Not all computers can process data given to them and produceresults.
8. The basic concepts of data processing are restricted to computersalone.
9. The processor is the central component of a computersystem.
10. All other devices used in a computer system are attached to the CPU.
11. Memory devices are used for storinginformation.
12. Computers are very much restricted in what they can do.
13. Computers today cost less, are smaller, and need fewer people to operate them than in the
past.
14. Computers haven't changed our working conditionsvery much.

c) Xem lại điểm ngữ pháp

Một đoạn văn là một nhóm các câu được liên kết với nhau để phát triển một ý. Hầu như
trong tất cả các đoạn văn, có một ý quan trọng nhất, đó là ý chính của đoạn văn và thường là
câu đầu tiên của mỗi đoạn vă[Link]ười ta gọi là câu chủ đề (topic sentence). Ngoài ra còn có các
ý phân tích chi tiết hơn trong các sau của đoạn văn.
Đọc lại bài khoá để tìm các câu chủ đề và các ý phụ của từng đoạn văn rồi so sánh với
kết quả trong phần ý chính gợi ý trong mục “Các ý chính trong bài”.
3. Nâng cao:

A black box
Many people do not understand how a system works, yet they know that if the system
is given a certain input it will produce a certain output. For example, in a recorded music
system when a CD is placed in the CD player and the play button is pressed, the music will
be heard. Most people are not concerned with how the CD player works. A system such as
this can be called a 'black box' because the internal components of the system are not fully
understood by most people. Their main concern is that the system accomplishes its task.

16
d) Hội thoại
Dialogue 1:
Jim gets the new computer home, turns it on, and nothing happens.
Pair work. Practice the conversation.
Linda: Hey Jim, that's a nice computer.
Jim: Yeah, but it doesn't work. Look, I turn on the monitor, turn on the computer,
and nothing happens.
Linda: Are all the cables plugged in?
Jim: Yes, and I read the manual three times. I don't understand!
Linda: Let me look at it. Oh, here you are - you didn't plug it in.
Jim: Oh no....

Dialogue 2:
Pair work. Practice the conversation.
Mary: What's in these boxes?
Jim: The big one is my scanner and the little ones are my speakers and modem.
Mary: You sure bought a lot of peripherals.
Jim: Well, I still want to buy a laser jet printer.

e) Bài tập mở rộng.

1. Điền từ vào chỗ trống
create, publish, become, be, come out, give, develop, have, find, test, offer, take.
The PostScript language (1)…………in the early 1980s as a page description language for
printers and photosetters. It was Adobe Systems, Inc. that (2)………………the PostScript
language and developed Illustrator, the first program that (3)……………………..: advantage of
the full range of graphic possibilities (4)……..by PostScript. Adobe Systems (5)………….also
the suppliers of fonts for use with PostScript-basedprinters.
The language was documented in The PostScript Language Reference Manual,
(6)…………by Addison-Wesley in 1985. PostScript soon (7)………………….widely used by
DTP publishers and graphic designers. In 1990 PostScript level 2 (8)……………, which
incorporated new features such as ATM technology, composite fonts, image compression and
other details.
When some experts (9) the performance of different colour printers, they (10)……….that
every PostScript printer was easy to use and (11) …………..consistently good results, while
every non-PostScript printer (12)……………problems with output in at least one application.
2. Dịch đoạn văn sau sang Tiếng Việt
When buying a hard disk
Hard disks have important advantages over floppy disks: they spin at a higher speed, so
17
you can store and retrieve information much faster than with floppies. They can also hold vast
amounts of information, from 500 MB up to several gigabytes. Apart from this, both types of
disks work in the same way. To directly access the necessary information, the read/write heads
of rigid disks seek the required tracks and sectors, and then transfer the information to the main
memory" of the computer or to another I form of storage, all of which is done in a few
milliseconds (ms).
Bearing in mind that you always need disk storage, it is good sense to ask yourself some
vital questions: What size capacity do I need? What speed can I use? What kind of storage
device is the most suitable for my requirements? If you only use word-processing programs,
you will need less storage capacity than if you use CAD, sound and animation programs. For
most users, 2GB on the hard disk is enough.
Now let's turn our attention to speed. Access times vary from 8 ms to 20 ms. Access time
- or seek time - is the time it takes your read/write heads to find any particular record. You
have to distinguish clearly between seek time (e.g. 20 ms) and 'data I transfer rate' (the average
speed required to transmit data from a disk system to the RAM, e.g. at 20 megabits per second).
Remember that the transfer rate also depends on the power of your computer.
When buying a hard disk you should consider the kinds of drive mechanisms and
products available. There are 'internal' and 'external' drives which are both fixed hard drives,
i.e. rigid disks sealed into the drive unit, either within or attached to the computer. A third type
of hard drive, known as 'removable', allows information to be recorded on 'cartridges', which
can be removed and stored offline for security purposes. Popular removable hard disks include
Jaz and Zip drives. A Jaz cartridge can store up to 2 GB of data, whereas a Zip drive can store
up to 250 MB of data.
Finally, a few words about 'optical' technology: CD-ROMS and CD-Recordable drives
have become a reality. However, magnetic hard disks are still preferred for personal data
storage, whereas optical disks are used for recording large amounts of information such as a
dictionary or ehcyclopedia.

18
 Bài 4. Phần mềm, phần cứng máy tính (Software, hardware)

a) Từ vựng

Activity (n) Hoạt động

Animation (n) Hoạt hình

Attach (v) Gắn vào, đính vào
Condition (n) Điều kiện
Coordinate (v) Phối hợp
Crystal (n) Tinh thể
Diagram (n) Biểu đồ
Display (v,n) Hiển thị; màn hình
Majority (n) Phần lớn, phần chủ yếu
Multimedia (n) Đa phương tiện
Online (a) Trực tuyến
Package (n) Gói
Physical (a) Thuộc về vật chất
Recognize (v) Nhận ra, nhận diện
Secondary (a) Thứ cấp
Service (n) Dịch vụ
Software (n) Phần mềm
Solve (v) Giải quyết
Sophistication (n) Sự phức tạp
Superior (to) (a) Hơn, trên, cao hơn…
Task (n) Nhiệm vụ
Text (n) Văn bản chỉ bao gồm ký tự
b) Bài khoá:
In order to use computers effectively to solve problems in our environment, computer
systems are devised. A "system" implies a good mixture of integrated parts working together
to form a useful whole. Computer systems may be discussed in two parts:
The first part is hardware - the physical, electronic and electromechanical devices that
are thought and recognized as "computers".
The second part is software - the programs that control and coordinate the activities of
the computer hardware and that direct the processing of data.

19
 Figure shows diagrammatically the basic components of computer hardware joined
together in a computer system. The centerpiece is called either the computer, the processor,
or usually the central processing unit (CPU). The term "computer" usually refers to those
parts of the hardware in which calculations and other data manipulations are performed, and
to the internal memory in which data and instructions are stored during the actual execution
of programs. The various peripherals, which include input and/or output devices, various
secondary memory devices, and so on, are attached to the CPU.
Computer software can be divided into two very broad categories systems software and
application software. The former is often simply referred to as "systems". These, when
brought into internal memory, direct the computer to perform tasks. The later may be
provided along with the hardware by a systems supplier as part of a computer product
designed to answer a specific need in certain areas. These complete hardware/software
products are called turnkey systems.
The success or failure of any computer system depends on the skill with which the
hardware and software components are selected and blended.A poorly chosen system can be
a monstrosity incapable of performing the tasks for which it was originally acquired.
Main idea
Which statement best expresses the main idea of the text? Why did you eliminate the
other choices?
1. Only hardware is necessary to make up a computersystem.
2. Software alone doesn't constitute a computersystem.
3. A computer system needs both hardware and software to be complete.
Understanding the passage
Indicate whether the following ideas are stated or not stated (S/NS) in the text.
4. A system implies a good mixture of parts working together.
5. Input and output devices operate more slowly than the decision making devices.
6. The control unit and the arithmetic - logical unit are part of the processor.
7. The "computer" is the hardware.
8. Software is the programs on cards, tapes and disks.
9. The processor is usually referred to as the CPU.
10. The word "computer" means the processor and the internal memory.
11. Systems software is usually referred to asprograms.
12. Complete hardware/software products are called turnkey systems.
13. Computers process specially prepared items of information.

20
Các ý chính trong bài
1. A computer system needs both hardware and software to be complete.
2. A system implies a good mixture of parts working together.
3. The computer is the hardware.
4. The processor is usually referred to as the CPU.
5. The computer means the processor and the internal memory.
6. Systems software is usually referred to as programs.
7. Complete software/hardware products are called turnkey systems.
8. Computers process specially prepared items of information.
c) Xem lại điểm ngữ pháp:
Trong Tiếng Anh xuất hiện các tiền tố sau:
 Để chỉ tính ngược lại: un, non, in, dis, re.
 Để chỉ kích cỡ semi (nửa), mini (nhỏ), micro (to).
 Chỉ vị trí: inter (trong), super (trên), trans (chuyển đổi), ex (ngoài), extra (thêm),
mid (giữa)
 Chỉ thời gian hay trật tự: pre, ante, prime, fore (trước), post (sau)
 Chỉ con số: bi, hex, oct, multi.
Bây giờ bạn hạy gạch chân dưới tất cả các tiền tố trong những câu sau:
1. Non-impact printers are inexpensive andsilent.
2. Tape-marks are unmagnetized reflective strips stuck onto thetape.
3. The octal and the hexadecimal systems are number systems used as a form of
shorthand in reading groups of four binarydigits.
4. The internal storage locations of a computer are called its primary memory.
5. Multi programming is when more than one program can be present at different
storage locations of the memory at the same time.
Nâng cao:
PROCEDURES
Procedures are the set of instructions which specify what processing is to be
performed, or what course of action is to take place.
d) Hội thoại:
Dialogue1: the computer is working - now to learn Windows 95.

21
 Pair work. Practice the conversation.
Jim: Windows 10 is easy to use.
Paul: Yes, and it's a lot of fun too.
Jim: Can you show me how to find programs and files?
Paul: Sure, to find files use the Explorer program. Let me show you.
Jim: Hey, that is easy!

Dialogue 2:
Pair work. Practice the conversation.
Paul: Each window has three buttons on the right side of the strip at the top.
Jim: What do they do?
Paul: The one on the right closes the window, the middle one maximizes, and the one
on the left minimizes.
Jim: Look, the middle one changed when I clicked on it.
Paul: That's right. Now it's called the restore button.
e) Bài tập mở rộng.
1. Điền từ vào chỗ trống
1. I've been looking for a job April.

2. They've used a fax machine the past two years.

3. .Kate Jackson studied computer sciences three years.

4. I got married six years ...................
5. She's been working for this firm 1990.

2. Dịch đoạn văn sau sang Tiếng Việt

Word-processing facilities
Writing letters, memos or reports are the ways most people use computers. They
manipulate words and text on a screen primarily to print at some later time and store
for safe keeping. Computers alleviate much of the tedium associated with typing,
proofing and manipulating words. Because computers can store and recall information
so readily, documents need not be retyped from scratch just to make corrections or
changes. The real strength of word processing lies in this ability to store, retrieve and

22
change information. Typing is still necessary (at least, for now) to put the information
into the computer initially but once in, the need to retype only applies to new
information.
Word processing is more than just typing, however. Features such as Search and
Replace allow users to find a particular phrase or word no matter where it is in a body
of text. This becomes more useful as the amount of text grows.
Word processors usually include different ways to view the text. Some include a
view that displays the text with editor's marks that show hidden characters or
commands (spaces, returns, paragraph endings, applied styles, etc.). Many word
processors include the ability to show exactly how the text will appear on paper when
printed. This is called WYSIWYG (What You See Is What You Get, pronounced
'wizzy-wig'). WYSIWYG shows bold, italic, underline and other type style
characteristics on the screen so that the user can clearly see what he or she is typing.
Another feature is the correct display of different typefaces and format characteristics
(margins, indents, super- and sub-scripted characters, etc.). This allows the user to plan
the document more accurately and reduces the frustration of printing something that
doesn't look right.
Many word processors now have so many features that they approach the
capabilities of layout applications for desktop publishing. They can import graphics,
format multiple columns of text, run text around graphics, etc.
Two important features offered by word processors are automatic hyphenation
and mail merging. Automatic hyphenation is the splitting of a word between two lines
so that the text will fit better on the page. The word processor constantly monitors
words typed and when it reaches the end of a line, if a word is too long to fit, it checks
that word in a hyphenation dictionary. This dictionary contains a list of words with the
preferred places to split it. If one of these cases fits part of the word at the end of the
line, the word processor splits the word, adds a hyphen at the end and places the rest
on the next line. This happens extremely fast and gives text a more polished and
professional look.
Mail merge applications are largely responsible for the explosion of
„personalized' mail. Form letters with designated spaces for names and addresses are
stored as documents with links to lists of names and addresses of potential buyers or
clients. By designating what information goes into which blank space, a computer can
process a huge amount of correspondence substituting the 'personal' information into
a form letter. The final document appears to be typed specifically to the person

23
addressed.
Many word processors can also generate tables of numbers or figures,
sophisticated indexes and comprehensive tables of contents.

24
 Bài tập
Bài 1: Dịch đoạn văn sau sang Tiếng Việt

Optical disks and drives

Optical disks can store information at much higher densities than magnetic disks.
Thus, they are ideal for multimedia applications where images, animation and sound
occupy a lot of disk space. Besides, they are not affected by magnetic fields. This means
that they are secure and stable, e.g. they can be transported through airport metal
detectors without damaging the data. However, optical drives are slower than hard
drives. While there are hard drives with an average access time of 8 ms, most CD-ROM
drives have an access time of 150 to 200 ms.
There are various types of optical drives:
CD-ROM systems offer everything, from shareware programs to dictionaries and
encyclopedias, from multimedia databases to 3-D games. A lot of institutions have
discovered that CD-ROM is the most economical way of sharing information. In fact,
one CD-ROM disk (650 MB) can replace 300,000 pages oftext (about 500 floppies),
which represents a lot of savings in distributing materials and corporate databases. In
addition, CD-ROM drives can play music CDs while you work. Yet CD-ROM
technology has one disad vantage: you cannot write anything onto a CD-ROM disk. You
can only 'read' it, like a book.
CD-Recorders come in two different forms: CD.R and CD. RW. CD-R machines
record on CD-R (write-once) disks, allowing you to create and duplicate CDs. They are
used to back up hard disks or to distribute and archive information. In fact, these systems
are the modern version of old WORM (write once, read many) disks. CD-RW machines
hold CDRW (rewritable) disks that you can erase and re-use, just as you would do with
a hard disk.
The future of optical storage is called DVD (digital versatile disk). A DVD~ROM
can hold 17 GB, about 25 times an ordinarx.. CD-ROM. For this reason, it can store a
large amount of multimedia software and complete Hollywood movies in different
languages. They can also play music CDs and CD-ROMs. However, DVD-ROMs are
'read-only' devices. To avoid this limitation, companies also produce DVD rewritable
drives.
Magneto-optical (MO) drives use both a laser and an electromagnet to record
information. Consequently, MO disks are rewritable, i.e. they can be written to, erased,

25
 and then written again. They usually come in two formats: (i) 5.25" cartridges can hold
more than 2 GB; (ii) 3.5" floptical disks have a capacity of 230 to 640 MB. They are
ideal for back-up and portable mass storage.
Bài 2: Đọc và trả lời câu hỏi cho đoạn văn sau:
It is common practice in computer science for the words "computer" and
"processor" to be used interchangeably. More precisely, "computer" refers to the central
processing unit (CPU) together with an internal memory. The internal memory or main
storage, control and processing components make up the heart of the computer system.
Manufacturers design the CPU to control and carry out basic instructions for their
particular computer.
The CPU coordinates all the activities of the various components of the computer.
It determines which operations should be carried out and in what order. The CPU can
also retrieve information from memory and can store the results of manipulations back
into the memory unit for later reference.
In digital computers the CPU can be divided into two functional units called the
control unit (CU) and the arithmetic - logical unit (ALU).
These two units are made up of electronic circuits with millions of switches that
can be in one of two states, either on or off.
The function of the control unit within the central processor is to transmit
coordinating control signals and commands. The control unit is that portion of the
computer that directs the sequence or step-by-step operations of the system, selects
instructions and data from memory, interprets the program instructions, and controls the
flow between main storage and the arithmetic - logical unit.
The arithmetic - logical unit, on the other hand, is that portion of the computer in
which the actual arithmetic operations, namely, addition, subtraction, multiplication,
division and exponentiation, called for in the ' instructions are performed. It also
performs some kinds of logical operations such as comparing or selecting information.
All the operations of the ALU are under the direction of the control unit.
Programs and the data on which the control unit and the ALU operate, must be in
internal memory in order to be processed. Thus, if located on : secondary memory
devices such as disks or tapes, programs and data and ftrst loaded into internal memory.
Main storage and the CPU are connected to a console, where manual control
operations can be performed by an operator. The console is an important, but special
purpose, piece of equipment. It is used mainly when the computer is being started up,

26
 or during maintenance and repair. Many mini and micro systems do not have a console.
Comprehension
Main idea
Which statement best expresses the main idea of the text? Why did you eliminate
the other choices?
1. Main storage is not a part of the processor.
2. The CPU is the made up of the control unit, the arithmetic -logical unit and
internal memory.
3. The CPU is composed of the arithmetic - logical unit and control unit only.
Understanding the passage
Decide whether the following statements are true or false (T/F) by referring to the
information in the text. Then make the necessary changes so that the false statements
become true.
4. The central processing unit is made up of threecomponents.
5. The CPU is responsible for all the activities taking place within a computer.
6. The processor itself has three components.
7. The control unit directs the flow of information within the processor.
8. The arithmetic-logical unit of the processor is responsible for the interpretation
of program instructions.
9. The arithmetic-logical unit is also responsible for choosing and comparing the
appropriate information within a program.
10. The processor cannot operate on any information if that information is not
in main storage.
11. Secondary memory and internal memory are located in the same place in the
computer system.
12. Only after the data has been processed by the CPU can results be transmitted
to an output device.
13. Computers can solve problems more quickly if they operate on new
information.
Bài 3: Dịch đoạn văn sau sang tiếng Việt

Security and privacy on the Internet

27
 There are a lot of benefits from an open system like the Internet, but we are
also exposed to hackers who break into computer systems just for fun, as well as to
steal information or propagate viruses. So how do you go about making online
transactions secure?
Security on the Web
The question of security is crucial when sending confidential information such
as credit card numbers. For example, consider the process of buying a book on the
Web. You have to type your credit card number into an order form which passes
from computer to computer on its way to the online bookstore. If one of the
intermediary computers is illustrated by hackers, your data can be copied. It is
difficult to say how often this happens, but it's technically possible.
To avoid risks, you should set all security alerts to high on your Web browser.
Netscape Communicator and Internet Explorer display a lock when the Web page
is secure and allow you to disable or delete 'cookies'.
If you use online bank services, make sure your bank uses digital certificates.
A popular security standard is SET (secure electronic transactions).
E-mail privacy Similarly, as your e-mail message travels across the net, it is
copied temporarily on many computers in between. This means it can be read by
unscrupulous people who illegally enter computer systems.
The only way to protect a message is to put it in a sort of 'envelope', that is, to encode
it with some form of encryption. A system designed to send e-mail privately is Pretty
Good Privacy, a freeware program written by Phil Zimmerman.
Network security
Private networks connected to the Internet can be attacked by intruders who attempt
to take valuable information such as Social Security numbers, bank accounts or research
and business reports.
To protect crucial data, companies hire security consultants who analyse the risks
and provide security solutions. The most common methods of protection are passwords
for access control, encryption and decryption systems, and firewalls.
Virus protection
Viruses can enter a PC through files from disks, the Internet or bulletin board
systems. If you want to protect your system, don't open e-mail attachments from strangers
and take care when downloading files from the Web. (Plain text e-mail alone can't pass a
virus.)

28
 Remember also to update your anti-virus software as often as possible, since new
viruses are being created all the time.
Bài 4: Điền từ vào chỗ trống
database, field, layout, merging, record, sorted, updated
1. In order to personalize a standard letter you can use mail ….. (a technique which
consists of combining a data base with a document made with a wordprocessor).
2. ………………s can be automatically into any order.
3. You can decide how many fields you want to have on a……………..
4. Files can easily be…………………..y adding new information or deleting the old
one.
5. A ……………program can be used to store, organize and retrieve information of
any kind.
6. The……………of the records can be designed by the user.
7. Each piece of information is given in a separate………….
Bài 5: Điền từ vào chỗ trống
systems , memory, task , terminals, desktop, CAD, applications
The first microcomputers, also known as (1) '.……..' PCs, were for single users
only, and this clearly distinguished them from minicomputers. Another important
difference was that 'minis' were much more powerful than 'micros': they could execute
more than one (2)………simultaneously and were used as file servers for
(3)……….and workstations.
However, modern microcomputers have operating (4)……….. and network
facilities that can support many simul taneous users. Today, most personal
computers have enough (5)………..to be used for word processing and
business(6)……….. Some PCs can even handle multitasking and (7)……………..
applications. As a result, the division between 'minis' and 'micros' is now disappearing.
Bài 6: Dịch đoạn văn sau sang Tiếng Việt
The monitor
The characters and pictures that we see on the screen are made up of dots, also called
picture elements (pixels). The total number of pixels in which the display is divided both
horizon- tally and vertically is known as the resolution. If the number of pixels is very
large, we obtain a high resolution display and therefore a sharp image. If the number of
pixels is small, a low' resolution is produced.
Typical resolutions are 640 x 480 or 1,024 X 768 pixels. The diagrams show how

29
pixel density affects the image: a larger number of pixels gives a much clearer image.
The cathode ray tube of the monitor is very similar to that of a TV set. Inside the
tube there is an electron beam which scans the screen and turns on or off the pixels that
make up the image. The beam begins in the top left corner, and scans the screen from left
to right in a continuous sequence, similar to the movement of our eyes when we read, but
much faster. This sequence is repeated. 50,60 or 75 times per second, depending on the
system. If the rate of this repetition is low we can perceive a flickering, unsteady screen,
which can cause eye fatigue. However, a fast- moving 75 Hz 'refresh rate' eliminates this
annoying flicker.
What we see on the screen is created and stored in an area of RAM, so that there is
a memory cell allocated to each pixel. This type of display is called bit-mapped. On
monochrome monitors, bits 0 are visualized as white dots, and bits 1 as black dots. On
colour displays, there are three electron guns at the back of the monitor's tube. Each
electron gun shoots out a beam of electrons; there is one beam for each ofthe three primary
colours: red, green and blue. These electrons strike the inside of the screen which is coated
with substances called phosphors that glow when struck by electrons. Three different
phosphor materials are used - one each for red, green and blue. To create different colours,
the intensity of each of the three electron beams is varied.
The monitor is controlled by a separate circuit board, known as the display adaptor,
which plugs into the motherboard of the computer. Different boards drive different types
of displays. For example, the VGA (video graphics array) card has become a standard for
colour monitors.
Portable computers use a flat liquid-crystal display (LCD) instead of a picture tube.
An CD uses a grid of crystals and polarizing filters to show the image. The crystals block
the light in different amounts to generate the dots in theimage.
Printed output, which can be read by humans rather than by a computer, is the most
common output. It is two-dimensional, consisting of characters within a line, and lines on
a page. One of the most difficult parts of printing output is the reaction of the user to the
printed page, because somehow the printed output produces a response from the reader
much like that of people to a roomful of new furniture. They have definite ideas where
each piece should go, but after seeing it there, they are apt to change their minds. The same
occurs when the reader first sees the printed output of a report, for instance.
No matter how simple or complex the data-processing operation is, the final results
must be made available in a form usable by humans, and usually in a form of permanent
record. This is the purpose of the printers used with computing equipment.
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 Printers vary in speed, size, and cost, and are designed to meet printing requirements
ranging from roughly the speed and volume of a typewriter up to thousands of lines per
minute. There are two ways of printing: by impact (striking a character through a carbon,
like a typewriter) or non-impact (photocopying, like an office copier). Impact printers are
generally a drum, or a chain or a train. The drum has a spining cylinder for each character
position in a line, and each cylinder contains all the characters in a character set. As each
cylinder spins into the appropriate character position, it is hammered into the paper
through a carbon ribbon. Drum printers generally give the lowest quality printing, because
if the hammer hits a little early or late, the character will appear slightly above or below
the line. This is noticeable on a printed line, giving it a wavy appearance.
In train or chain printers, the characters move lately across the page, and as the proper
character moves into position, it is hammered onto the paper through a carbon ribbon. If
the hammer hits a little early or late, the character will appear slightly to the right or left
of its proper' position, but variations in horizontal spacing are not so noticeable to humans.
Other types of impact printers are the daisy wheel printer, the matrix printer, and the
line printer. The daisy wheel printer uses a wheel with up to 100 characters, each being on
an individual arm, so that only rotation is needed. The hammer hits a single letter,
guaranteeing accurate positioning and uniform striking. This allows fast, quiet, and
reliable operation, with superb print quality.
Bài 7: Dịch đoạn văn sau sang Tiếng Việt
Point and click!
Typically, a mouse is a palm-sized device, slightly smaller than a pack of cards. On
top of the mouse there are one or more buttons for communicating with the computer. A
'tail' or wire extends from the mouse to a connection on the back of the computer.
The mouse is designed to slide around on your desktop. As it moves, it moves an
image on the screen called a pointer or mouse cursor. The pointer usually looks like an
arrow or I-bar, and it mimics the movements of the mouse on your desktop.
What makes the mouse especially useful is that it is a very quick way to move
around on a screen. Move the desktop mouse half an inch and the screen cursor will leap
four i~ches. Making the same movements with the arrow keys takes much longer. The
mouse also issues instructions to the computer very quickly. Point to an available option
with the cursor, click on the mouse, and the option has been chosen.
Mice are so widely used in graphics applications because they can do things that are
difficult, if not impossible, to do with keyboard keys. For example, the way you move an
image with a mouse is to put the pointer on the object you want to move, press the mouse
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button and drag the image from one place on the screen to another. When you have the
image where you want it, you release the mouse button and the image stays there. Simi
larly the mouse is used to grab one corner of the image (say a square) and stretch it into
another shape (say a rectangle). Both of these actions are so much more difficult to
perform with a keyboard that most graphics programs require a mouse.
The buttons on the mouse are used to select items at which the mouse points. You
position the pointer on an object on the screen, for example, on a menu or a tool in a paint
program, and then you press the mouse button to 'select' it. Mice are also used to load
documents into a program: you put the pointer on the file name and double-click on the
name - that is, you press a mouse button twice in rapid succession.
Bài 8: Đọc và trả lời câu hỏi cho đoạn văn sau:

Computer capabilities and limitations

[1] Like all machines, a computer needs to be directed and controlled in order to
perform a task successfully. Until such time as a program is prepared and stored in the
computer's memory, the computer "knows" absolutely nothing, not even how to accept
or reject data. Even the most sophisticated computer, no matter how capable it is, must
be told what to do. Until the capabilities and the limitations of a computer are
recognized, its usefulness cannot be thoroughly understood.
[2] In the first place, it should be recognized that computers are capable of doing
repetitive operations. A computer can perfonn similar operations thousands of times,
without becoming bored, tired, or even careless.
[3] Secondly, computers can process information at extremely rapid rates. For
example, modem computers can solve certain classes of arithmetic problems millions
of times faster than a skilled mathematician. Speeds for perfoming decision-making
operations are comparable to those for arithmetic operations but input-output
operatioras, however, involve mechanical motion and hence require more time. On a
typical computer system, cards are read at an average speed of 1000 cards per minute
and as many as 1000 lines can be printed at the same rate.
[4] Thirdly, computers maybe programmed to calculate answers to whatever level
of accuracy is specified by the programmer. In spite of newspaper headlines such as
„Computer Fails‟, these machines are very accurate and reliable especially when the
number of operations they can perform every second is considered. Because they are
man-made machines, they sometimes malfunction or break down and have to be
repaired. However, in most instances when the computer fails, it is due to human error

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and is not the fault of the computer at all.
[5] In the fourth place, general-purpose computers can be programmed to solve
various types of problems because of their flexibility. One of the most important
reasons why computers are so widely used today is that almost every big problem can
be solved by solving a number of little problems - one after another.
[6] Finally, a computer, unlike a human being, has no intuition. A person may
suddenly find the answer to a problem without working out too many of the details,
but a computer can only proceed as it has been programmed to.
[7] Using the very limited capabilities possessed by all computers, the task of
producing a university payroll, for instance, can be done quite [Link] following
kinds of things need be done for each employee on the payroll. First: Input information
about the employee such as wage rate, hours worked, tax rate, unemployment
insurance, and pension deductions. Second: Do some simple arithmetic and decision
making operations. Third: Output a few printed lines on a cheque. By repeating this
process over and over again, the payroll will eventually be completted.

Decide whether the following statements are true or false (T/F)

1. A computer cannot do anything untill it has beenprogrammed.
2. A computers is a useless machine if its capabilities and limitations are unknown.
3. A computer can repeat the same operation over and over again forever if
permitted.
4. The speed at which different computer components function is considered to be
one of the limitations of a computer.
5. Computers do not usually make mistakes unless they breakdown.
6. A computer can think and solve problems by itself.
7. A computer is a single-purpose machine in that it cannot be programmed to solve
various types of problems.
8. Computers can solve big problems by following a series of simple steps.
9. A computers usually solves problems by doing some mathematical and decision-
making operations.
10. Computers are used because they are fast andexact.

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Bài 5. Những dịch vụ trực tuyến (Online services) (3 tiết)
3.1 Từ vựng về những dịch vụ trực tuyến.
3.2 Đọc hiểu và trả lời câu hỏi về những dịch vụ trực tuyến cụ thể
3.3 Làm bài tập về từ vựng và đọc hiểu một số bài báo khoa học trong dịch vụ trực
tuyến.
Bài 6. Lập trình và Ngôn ngữ lập trình (Programming and Programming Languages) (4
Tiết)
4.1 Từ vựng về Lập trình và Ngôn ngữ lập trình
4.2 Đọc hiểu và trả lời câu hỏi các đoạn văn viết về lĩnh vực Lập trình và Ngôn ngữ lập
trình
4.3 Làm bài tập về từ vựng và đọc hiểu một số bài báo khoa học về lĩnh vực Lập trình
và Ngôn ngữ lập trình .
Bài 7. Mạng máy tính (Computer Networks) (3 tiết)
5.1 Từ vựng
5.2 Đọc hiểu và trả lời câu hỏi
5.3 Làm bài tập về từ vựng và đọc hiểu một số bài báo khoa học trong lĩnh vực
Bài 8. Virus máy tính (Computer Viruses) (3 tiết)
6.1 Từ vựng
6.2 Đọc hiểu và trả lời câu hỏi
6.3 Làm bài tập về từ vựng và đọc hiểu một số bài báo khoa học trong lĩnh vực
Bài 9. Cơ sở dữ liệu và các hệ quản trị cơ sở dữ liệu (Database and Database Management
Systems ) (4 tiết)
7.1 Từ vựng
7.2 Đọc hiểu và trả lời câu hỏi
7.3 Làm bài tập về từ vựng và đọc hiểu một số bài báo khoa học trong lĩnh vực
Bài 10. Sử dụng máy tính trong một vài ngành khác (Using Computer in Some Fields)
8.1 Từ vựng
8.2 Đọc hiểu và trả lời câu hỏi
8.3 Làm bài tập về từ vựng và đọc hiểu một số bài báo khoa học trong lĩnh vực .
2. Tài liệu tham khảo
- Bài giảng.
- Tài liệu tham khảo:
1. “Oxford English for Computing” Keith Boeckner, [Link] Brown, Oxford
University Press.
2. “Tiếng Anh Chuyên Ngành Công Nghệ Thông Tin”, Thạc Bình Cường, Hồ
Xuân Ngọc, Nhà xuất bản Khoa học và Kỹ thuật.

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