Republic of the Philippines

Partido State University

Camarines Sur

Goa, Campus

Module 9 Week 15-18

Topic 8: Outdoor Recreational Activities

Name of Student: _______________________________ Name of Faculty:

_________________________________
Course Code: __________________________________ Course/Yr/Section: ______________ Date:
_____________
Course Title: ___________________________________ Week: ____________________

Image: hazel

I. INTRODUCTION
Welcome to Topic 8, "Outdoor Recreational Activities"! Prepare to discover the
exhilarating worlds of mountaineering, trekking, hiking, orienteering, and camping. This
module will guide you through the unique challenges and rewards each activity offers,
highlighting how they foster a connection with nature, improve physical fitness, and
sharpen problem-solving abilities. From scaling majestic mountains to navigating diverse
terrains, mastering wayfinding skills, and embracing nights under the Philippine stars,
these adventures cultivate exploration and camaraderie. Join us as we delve into essential
techniques, safety protocols relevant to our local landscapes, and responsible
environmental practices for enjoying these outdoor pursuits right here in Goa, Bicol!

II. LEARNING OUTCOMES

At the end of the lesson, the students will be able to:

 Identify the difference outdoor recreational activities;

 Explain the concept of recreational activity in improving health and wellness; and
 Develop an appreciation for the natural environment and the importance of outdoor
recreation, fostering a sense of responsibility toward conservation and teamwork
during group activities.

III. LEARNING CONTENT

Topic 8: Outdoor Recreational Activities

 Mountaineering
 Trekking
 Hiking
 Orienteering
 Camping

What is Mountaineering?
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Mountaineering is an outdoor activity that involves hiking, rock climbing, ice climbing or otherwise climbing
mountains and reaching high altitudes. Mountaineering typically involves climbing through difficult terrain;
whether that’s hard technically or at a high altitude. (What Is Mountaineering?,n.d.)

Best time for a mountaineering trip:

a. Early Morning
b. Late Afternoon

Mountaineering offers a wealth of benefits that extend far beyond reaching a

summit. Here are some key advantages:

Physical Benefits:

▪ Enhanced Cardiovascular Fitness: The strenuous activity of ascending mountains, often involving steep
inclines and varied terrain, significantly improves heart health, lung capacity, and overall endurance. It's a
fantastic aerobic workout.
▪ Increased Strength and Muscle Tone: Mountaineering engages numerous muscle groups, particularly in
the legs, core, and upper body, leading to increased strength, power, and muscle definition.
▪ Improved Balance and Coordination: Navigating uneven and challenging terrain requires constant
adjustments, enhancing balance, proprioception (awareness of body position), and coordination.
▪ Weight Management: Mountaineering is a high-calorie-burning activity, aiding in weight loss and
maintenance by boosting metabolism.
▪ Improved Bone Density: As a weight-bearing exercise, especially when carrying a pack, mountaineering
helps increase bone density and reduces the risk of osteoporosis.
▪ Better Sleep Quality: The combination of physical exertion and fresh mountain air can contribute to more
restful and deeper sleep.

Mental and Psychological Benefits:

▪ Stress Reduction: Immersing oneself in the natural beauty and tranquility of mountain environments has
a profound stress-reducing effect. The physical exertion also releases endorphins, natural mood boosters.
▪ Sense of Accomplishment and Self-Efficacy: Reaching a summit or overcoming challenging sections of a
climb instills a powerful sense of achievement, boosting self-confidence and belief in one's abilities.
▪ Improved Mental Resilience: Facing and overcoming the challenges inherent in mountaineering builds
mental toughness, problem-solving skills, and resilience that can translate to other areas of life.
▪ Enhanced Focus and Concentration: The demands of mountaineering require intense focus on the
present moment, improving concentration and mindfulness.
▪ Connection with Nature: Spending extended time in the mountains fosters a deep appreciation for the
natural world and a sense of connection to it.
▪ Personal Growth: Mountaineering often pushes individuals outside their comfort zones, leading to self-
discovery, increased self-awareness, and personal growth.

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Social Benefits:

▪ Camaraderie and Teamwork: Many mountaineering expeditions involve teamwork, fostering strong
bonds and a sense of camaraderie among participants.
▪ Meeting Like-Minded Individuals: The mountaineering community often shares a passion for adventure
and the outdoors, providing opportunities to connect with supportive and inspiring people.

Proper Gear

Helmet

Climbing helmets are to protect you

from any head injuries. And the risks of head
injuries during a climb are probably a lot higher
than you imagined.
Harness

A harness lets you tie into a rope for

belaying and climbing. In the past, climbing
ropes are tied directly onto the climber’s body.
As you can imagine, that was very
uncomfortable and can even cause serious
injuries during a fall.

Types of Harnesses:
1. Seat harness
2. Chest harness
3. Full body harness

Seat harness

The seat harness is worn around your

waist, hips and thighs.

When wearing a seat harness, the

climbing rope is tied in around your navel
region. During a fall, there is a risk that the
climber may flip upside down.
Chest harness

A chest Harness serves to stabilize the

upper body and is used in addition to
the seat / hip Harness. It shifts the center of
gravity of the body from the hips to the chest
and thus prevents the upper body from tipping
over.

Full Body harness

A full body harness is a safety harness

that connects the worker to the fall protection
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working on. Using a series of straps that fit
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Ropes

Types of Ropes:

1. Dynamic ropes
2. Single ropes
3. Twin ropes
4. Double /half ropes
5. Static ropes

Dynamic ropes

Dynamic ropes can stretch and

elongate when loaded. This will absorb the
impact during a climber’s fall. There are 3
types of dynamic ropes-single ropes, twin
ropes and double/half ropes.

Single ropes can be used as a single

strand while twin and double/half ropes have
to be used in pair.

The diameter of dynamics ropes

ranges from 7mm to 11mm. Single ropes are
generally thicker than twin and double/half
ropes.

The typical lengths of dynamic ropes

are from 30m to 80 (100 feet to 260 feet).
The length of rope you need has to be at least
twice the length of the route. For example, if
you are
Static climbing a 100-foot-tall wall you will
Rope
need 200 feet of rope.
In contrast, static ropes do not stretch and elongate.
Static ropes are used for transporting equipment or doing rescue
operations. You do not want the ropes to stretch when you are
hauling gear or injured climbers.
Carabiners

Carabiners is the workhorse of all

our climbing gear. You use carabiners for
almost everything -belaying, rappelling,
clipping into a safety anchors and
securing ropes to protection points.

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Runners/Slings

 Durable loops of webbing used

for extending anchors, creating
anchors, or connecting gear.
They come in various lengths
and can be sewn or tied.
Cords

 Thin ropes or nylon cords, often

used for various purposes,
including prusiking, gear
organization, or as tag lines. They
are lightweight and versatile.

Quickdraw

 A combination of two carabiners

connected by a sewn sling, used
to attach the climbing rope to
protection points on the route. It
allows for quick clipping and

Belay Device

A belay device functions as a brake by

adding friction to your climbing rope.

Types of belay devices:

1. Aperture devices
2. Slot plate
3. Tubular
4. Figure 8
5. Self-braking, devices
6. Aperture-style
7. Spring-loaded

Advantages and Disadvantages of Mountain Climbing

Advantages

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1. Physical Health: Mountain climbing is an excellent workout that improves

cardiovascular fitness, strength, and endurance. It engages multiple muscle groups
and helps in weight management.
2. Mental Benefits: Climbing can reduce stress and improve mental health. The
focus required during climbs can lead to a meditative state, enhancing concentration
and mental clarity.
3. Connection with Nature: Climbing allows individuals to experience
breathtaking landscapes and connect with nature, promoting a sense of peace and
appreciation for the environment.
4. Skill Development: Mountain climbing teaches valuable skills such as problem-
solving, navigation, and teamwork. Climbers often learn to manage risks and make
quick decisions.
5. Sense of Achievement: Reaching the summit of a mountain provides a
profound sense of accomplishment and boosts self-confidence.

Disadvantages

1. Physical Risks: Mountain climbing can be dangerous, with risks of injury from
falls, altitude sickness, or harsh weather conditions. Proper training and equipment
are essential to minimize these risks.
2. Mental Challenges: The demands of climbing can lead to anxiety and stress,
particularly for beginners. Fear of heights or challenging conditions can also affect
performance.
3. Environmental Impact: Climbing can contribute to environmental degradation,
including trail erosion and littering. Responsible climbing practices are necessary to
minimize this impact.
4. Cost: Mountain climbing can be expensive, requiring specialized gear, permits,
and sometimes guides. This can be a barrier for some individuals.
5. Time Commitment: Preparing for and completing climbing expeditions can be
time-consuming, often requiring extensive training and travel, which may not be
feasible for everyone.

Camping

Camping is a form of outdoor recreation or

outdoor education involving overnight stays with
a basic temporary shelter such as a tent."
("Camping." Wikipedia, 2 May 2025,
[Link]/wiki/Camping.)

History of Camping

Thomas Hiram
Holding

He is the founder of modern recreational camping. His

urge to camp derived from his experiences as a boy. In
1853, he crossed the prairies of the United States in a
wagon train, covering some 1,200 miles (1,900 km) with a
company of 300. In 1908, he wrote The Camper’s
Handbook. In 1877, he camped with a canoe on a cruise in

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the Highlands of Scotland, and he made a similar trip the next year. He wrote two books
of this ventures. In 1898, he used a bicycle as his camping vehicle and wrote Cycle and
Camp. In 1901, Holding founded the first camping club in the world, “The Association of
Cycle Campers.” In 1907, it had merge with a number of other clubs to form the
Camping Club of Great Britain and Ireland.

Robert Falcon
Scott

In 1909, Robert Falcon Scott, the famous Antarctic explorer, became the
president of Camping Club.

In 1932, the International Federation of Camping and Caravanning (Fédération

Internationale de Camping, Caravanning et caravaning: FICC) was formed as
the First international camping organization.

After World War I, Robert Baden-Powell, founder of the Boy Scouts and the Girl Guides became
president of the Camping Club of Great Britain and Ireland, which fostered the establishment of camping
organizations in a number of western European countries.
Differences Between Camping and Other Outdoor Activities

Camping, while always involving spending time outdoors, differs from other
outdoor activities primarily due to its overnight stay component and the
establishment of a temporary shelter. Here's the table summarizing the key
differences:

Feature Camping Outdoor Activities

Duration Overnight or longer Primarily day trips, can be longer
Shelter Temporary shelter (tent, RV, etc.) Not always required
Living outdoors, relaxation, self-
Primary Focus sufficiency Specific activity (hiking, fishing, etc.)
Key Equipment Tent, sleeping gear, cooking supplies Activity-specific gear
Designated or remote campsite,
Location/Setup setup/teardown Varied locations, setup not always needed

Common Camping Activities

There is a myriad of activities than can be done on a camping trip, and activities
done often depend on the number of participants and their age groups. But regardless
of their age and the number of people, there will always be something that everyone
can enjoy an be a part of. The following are some (but not limited to) camping activities
commonly done on a camping trip:

1. Skipping stones (water activity)

2. Canoeing/kayaking
3. River crossing
4. Exploring the creeks

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5. Biking
6. Fishing
7. Sing-a-long/Play musical instruments and sing to tunes (campfire activity)
8. Bird watching
9. Star gazing
[Link] wood/gather wood for campfire

Benefits of Camping

Mental and Emotional:

1. Reduces stress and promotes relaxation.

2. Improves mood and increases happiness.
3. Enhances focus and mental clarity.
4. Increases mindfulness and presence.
5. Boosts creativity and imagination.
6. Improves sleep quality by regulating circadian rhythm.
7. Increases self-confidence and self-reliance.
8. Fosters appreciation for nature and environmental awareness.

Physical:

9. Increases physical activity and improves fitness.

[Link] Vitamin D intake (with sun safety).
[Link] fresh air and improves lung health.
[Link] to better sleep patterns.
[Link] healthier eating habits.

Social

[Link] relationships with loved ones.

[Link] communication skills.
[Link] a sense of belonging and community.
[Link] teamwork and cooperation.
[Link] opportunities to make new friends.

Materials and Gear

1. Tents
2. Cook ware and portable stoves
3. Chairs and tables
4. Flashlights
5. Lamp
6. Clothes and shoes

Trekking and Hiking

Trekking is essentially a long, Hiking is a walk in nature, usually

challenging hike, typically lasting multiple on trails or footpaths, undertaken for
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days, often through rugged and remote recreation, exercise, or exploration. It's a
broad term that can encompass a wide
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Trekking vs. Hiking: Key Differences

Here's a table summarizing the main distinctions between trekking and hiking:

Feature Hiking Trekking

Usually multiple days, often
Duration Typically, a few hours to a full day involving overnight stays
Varied, generally on marked trails, Often more rugged, remote, and
Terrain can range from easy to challenging challenging, sometimes off-trail
Requires carrying food, water,
Less emphasis on carrying extensive shelter (tent), and more gear for
Self-Sufficiency supplies multiple days
Generally, more physically and
Can be easy to strenuous, but mentally demanding, requiring
Challenge Level generally less demanding overall greater endurance
Often a longer journey with a specific
Recreation, exercise, exploration, goal or destination, deeper
Purpose enjoying nature immersion in nature
Sturdy hiking boots, larger backpack,
Comfortable walking shoes, water, camping gear, navigation tools,
Gear snacks, basic daypack multi-day supplies

Orienteering
Orienteering is a competitive or recreational
outdoor activity that involves navigating on foot
through unfamiliar terrain using an accurate, detailed
map and a compass to find a series of pre-determined
control points (checkpoints) in the landscape. The goal
is to complete the course in the fastest possible time.

Short History of Orienteering

Orienteering was part of Swedish military training. The Term orienteering was first
used in 1886 at the
Swedish Military Academy Kalberg. The meaning of the term was “crossing
unknown territory with the aid of Compass and map.” In 1895, Competitions for military
personnel were held. In 1897, the first publicly orienteering competition took place in
Norway. In 1961, European Countries founded the International Orienteering Foundation-
the internation governing body for orienteering.

Materials

Here is the numbered list of materials used in orienteering:

Navigation & Course Finding

1. Orienteering Map
2. Compass
3. Control Description Sheet (Clue Sheet)

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4. Control Flag

Timing & Verification

5. Control Card (Paper Punch Card)

6. Electronic Punching System (e.g., SportIdent (SI) Stick/Dibber)

Personal Gear (Recommended)

7. Suitable Clothing
8. Appropriate Footwear
9. Whistle
[Link] Description Holder
[Link] Glasses
[Link] or Orienteering Socks
[Link]
[Link] Bottle or Hydration Pack
[Link] and Hat
[Link] First-Aid Kit

The Compass

Types of Compasses

1. Magnetic Compass
a. Base plate compass— It is the most affordable compass.

b. Thumb compass— This compass attach to the user’s thumb

allowing the user to hold both the map and the compass in one hand
while travelling at speed by bike or by canoe.

c. Card compass— Card compass or marine

compass is commonly used in boats. It uses a
fixed needle, depending on the moving
compass card for directional readings since the
moving card absorbs much of the motion of the
boat.

d. Prismatic compass— It is a sophisticated device designed for highly

accurate navigation.

2. Non-Magnetic Compass

a. Gyro compass— a gyro compass is

basically a very fast spinning wheel or
ball which uses the law of conservation.
The gyro compass is commonly used in
large ships and in other circumstances
where the accurate prediction of true
north is needed.

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b. Astrocompass—this compass relies on the direction of celestial

bodies to find true north.

c. Solid state compass— these use many of the electronic

magnetic sensors which would calculate the accurate
direction the compass is pointing.

Types of Maps

1. Thematic Map— Emphasizes a particular theme or subjects such as climate,

population, or economic activities.
2. Political Map— Provides boundaries and locations of political units such as
countries states, towns, etc.
3. Physical Map—Map shows natural features of the earth such as mountains,
lakes, rivers but do not contain man-made features.
4. Topographic Map—A topographic map refers to a detailed, graphical and
accurate representation of features that appear on the Earth’s surface,
including natural and man-made features.
Tips in Orienteering
1. What if I get lost? If you can no longer match the map to the terrain around you,
STOP and work out where you are. Here are some basic steps that will help you get
back on track matched to the word STOP.

S— Stop
T— Trace
O—Observe
P—Plan Again

2. If you are not sure where you are, the, it may be necessary to retrace your steps and
try again. Don’t feel bad about doing this if you need to, just continuing will simply
get you more lost.

3. Above all, don’t panic, because you will usually be no more than 200 or 300 meters
from your last known point (if you have been following the map as you go). You can
always go back to your last known location and try again.

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IV. LEARNING ACTIVITY

Activity

Students will be grouped into five and make a motivational activity. Each group will make a poster and
present it to the class afterwards.

The rubric for grading will be:

Creativity 50%
Organization 20%
Presentation 30%
TOTAL 100%
V. LEARNING ASSESSMENT

Quiz

VI. REFERENCES

What is Mountaineering? (n.d.). Army Cadets UK. [Link]

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‌
Branch, J. (2022, September 28). Hilaree Nelson, 49, a Top Ski Mountaineer, Is Dead in
Avalanche. The New York Times. [Link]
[Link]
Map Symbols Key. (2023). [Link].
[Link]
USA, H. & B. (n.d.). How to Use a Compass: A Complete, Step-by-Step Guide. Hyke &
Byke USA. [Link]
compass-with-this-complete-step-by-step-guide

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