NAME: __________________________________________ Class Period ___________
Rocks, Minerals, and Weathering Test STUDY GUIDE
(Due: Mon. 11/16/21
Test Date: Wed., 11/17/21
Minerals (p.440-450)
1. What do minerals have in common (SNIFC)? Describe what each part is.
S- SOLID
N- NATURALLY OCCURING
I- INORGANIC
F- FORMULA (CHEMICAL COMPOSITION)
C- CRYSTALLINE STRUCTURE
2. What are the 2 major types of minerals? Silicate and Non-silicate
3. What are properties scientists use to identify a mineral? List at least five.
a. STREAK
b. LUSTER
c. DENSITY
d. CLEAVAGE AND FRACTURE
e. HARDNESS
COLOR, SPECIAL PROPERTIES TOO
Rocks General Questions
1. What is a rock? (p. 458-459)
Rocks are naturally occurring solid mixtures of one or more minerals that may also include organic matter.
2. What are the 3 types of Rocks? (p. 460-461)
a. Igneous
b. Sedimentary
c. Metamorphic
3. How do scientists classify rocks? (p.476-477)
Scientists classify rocks by mineral composition and texture.
4. What is weathering? (p.459).
The process by which water, wind, ice, and changes in temperature that break down a rock.
5. What is erosion? (p.459)
The process by which sediment is moved from one place to another.
6. What is deposition? (p.459)
The process by which sediments are deposited (come to rest).
Igneous: (p. 478-479)
1. What are the 2 types of igneous rock? Extrusive Igneous and Intrusive Igneous
2. Describe the characteristics of the 2 types of igneous rock.
Intrusive Igneous Rocks: These are rocks that cool beneath earth’s surface. They have very coarse textures due to
having larger crystals.
Extrusive Igneous rocks: These are rocks that cool above Earth’s surface. They have smooth textures due to having
smaller crystals.
3. Rocks that have larger crystals are intrusive igneous, while smaller crystals are extrusive igneous. For larger
crystals, the lava cools slowly. For smaller crystals the lava cools quickly/fast.
4. Name 1 example of an intrusive igneous rock.
Diorite/Granite
5. Name 1 example of an extrusive igneous rock.
Basalt/Obsidian/Andesite
Sedimentary: (p. 480-481)
1. What are the THREE types of sedimentary rocks?
Clastic Sedimentary/Chemical Sedimentary/Organic Sedimentary
2. What are the 3 types of sedimentary rocks?
This is the same question as 1, skip it. 😊
3. Describe a clastic sedimentary rock. How is it formed?
Clastic sedimentary rocks are formed when sediments are buried, compacted, and cemented together by calcite
or quartz. Examples include sandstone.
4. How is a chemical sedimentary rock formed?
Chemical sedimentary rocks are formed from the fossils of plants and animals. Coal is a type of organic
sedimentary rock.
5. How are organic sedimentary rocks formed?
Chemical sedimentary rocks form when water evaporates. Halite is a chemical sedimentary rock.
Metamorphic Rock: (p.482-483)
6. What are the TWO types of metamorphic rocks?
Foliated Metamorphic and Non-Foliated Metamorphic
7. What does it mean to be foliated/non foliated?
Foliated – Pressure cause the mineral grains in a rock to form parallel bands.
Nonfoliated- These to not have mineral grains aligned to bands. They tend to have only one or a few minerals.
8. An igneous or sedimentary rock can be changed into a metamorphic rock when exposed to extreme
heat and pressure.
Rock Cycle-Be able to interpret and describe the rock cycle diagram below. (p.462-463)
How does a sedimentary rock
become a new sedimentary rock?
It can experience heat and pressure,
melting, cooling, weathering and erosion,
and compaction and cementation again.
How does a metamorphic rock
become an igneous rock?
Metamorphic rock melts into magma then
cools to form igneous rocks.
How do sediments eventually become an igneous rock?
Sediments experience heat and pressure, which turns them into metamorphic rock. This metamorphic rock
will melt into magma. This magma will then cool into igneous rocks.