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General Biology

The document outlines the structure and function of flowers in angiosperms, detailing the roles of sepals, petals, stamens, and carpels in plant reproduction. It explains the processes of pollination, fertilization, and the development of seeds and fruits following fertilization. Additionally, it distinguishes between monoecious and dioecious plants and describes different types of pollination.

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Sam Gabriel Ronquillo
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10 views15 pages

General Biology

The document outlines the structure and function of flowers in angiosperms, detailing the roles of sepals, petals, stamens, and carpels in plant reproduction. It explains the processes of pollination, fertilization, and the development of seeds and fruits following fertilization. Additionally, it distinguishes between monoecious and dioecious plants and describes different types of pollination.

Uploaded by

Sam Gabriel Ronquillo
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Plant Reproduction

and Development
Stages of a Plant’s Life Cycle
FLOWER STRUCTURE
Flowers are the reproductive structure of
angiosperms
• Sepals
• Enclose the bud before it opens
• Protect the flower while it’s
developing
• Petals
• Usually brightly colored to attract
pollinators
FLOWER STRUCTURE
• Stamens
• The male portion of a flower
• Made up of an anther and a
filament
• The anther produces haploid
pollen grains by meiosis
• Most flowers have multiple
stamens
FLOWER STRUCTURE
• Carpels/Pistils
The female portion of a flower
• Stigma
• Sticky – to trap pollen
• Style
• Hollow tube which connects stigma
and ovary
• Ovary
• Produces female gametes (ovules)
This image depicts the structure of
a perfect flower. Perfect flowers
produce both male and female
floral organs. The
flower shown has only one carpel,
but some flowers have a cluster of
carpels. Together, all the carpels
make up the gynoecium.
Monoecious and Dioecious
Species of Plants
• Monoecious
• “one house”
• Has both male and female flowers on a single plant

• Dioecious
• “two houses”
• Male and female parts are found on separate plants
Pollination
Pollination unites the male and female
reproductive cells or gametes. It takes place
when the pollen grains from the male anther
are transferred to the female stigma.
TYPES OF Pollination

• Autogamy is a type of pollination


where pollen grains are transferred
to the stigma of the same flower.
• Geitonogamy is a type of pollination
where pollen grains are transferred
to the stigma of another flower of
the same plant .
• Xenogamy , also called cross-
pollination , is a type of pollination
where pollen grains are transferred
to the stigma of a different plant .
A megasporocyte undergoes
meiosis, generating four
megaspores —three small and one
large. Only the large megaspore
survives; it produces the female
gametophyte, referred to as the
embryo sac.
As shown in this diagram of the
embryo sac in angiosperms, the
ovule is covered by integuments
and has an opening
called a micropyle. Inside the
embryo sac are three antipodal
cells, two synergids, a central
cell, and the egg cell
Fertilization
Fertilization takes place when the sperm
(germinated pollen) unites with the egg (ovule)
forming a fertilized egg called a zygote .
Process of Fertilization
1. The pollen grain attaches to the stigma.
2. Each pollen grain becomes a part of the
pollen tube, which grows down the neck of the
style and reaches the ovary .
3. Sperm cells are discharged into the embryo
sac, fertilizing the egg cell.
Double Fertilization
post Fertilization

The diploid zygote develops into a plant, followed by the ovary, which
develops into a fruit, and the ovules, which develop into a seed.
SEED STRUCTURE

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