NATIONAL PARK, WILDLIFE RESERVE, HUNTING RESERVE AND CONSERVATION AREA.

S.N National Park Est. date Area (sq. Buffer Zone Important Flora and Fauna
km)
1. Chitwan N.P 1973 (2030 B.S) 952.63 729.37 sq. km Flora: Tropical and Sub tropical forest 70% - Sal Forest 20% -
(Chitwan, Grassland (50 different grass) 10% - Riverine Forest
Makwanpur, parsa) Fauna: 50 mammal species, over 525 birds, and 55 amphibians
 First N.P and reptiles One-horned rhinoceros, Royal Bengal tiger. Wild
 World heritage elephant, Four horned antelope, Pangolin, Golden monitor
site since 1984 lizard, Python, etc.
2. Bardia N.P 1988 (2032 B.S) 968 327 sq. km Flora: 70 % Sal Forest Grassland & Riverine Forest
(Bardia) 1976: Karnali Fauna: 30 mammal species, over 230 birds, amphibians and
W.R reptiles One-horned rhinoceros, Swamp Deer, Royal Bengal
1982: Bardiya tiger. Wild elephant, gangetic dolphin, Four horned antelope,
W.R Pangolin, Golden monitor lizard, Python, etc.
3. Parsa N.P 1984 W.R 627.39 285.30 sq. km Tropical and subtropical forest. Sal forests – 90 % Good
(Parsa) (2017 NP) populations of various endangered species include wild Asian
elephant, Royal Bengal tiger, Sloth bear, and Leopard. Blue bull,
Sambar, Chital, Hog deer, Barding deer, Langur, Rhesus
macaques, striped hyena, Jungle cat, and Palm civet are also
found in the reserve.
4. Sukla Phanta N.P 1976 W.R 305 243.5 sq. km 4 mammal species, 350 species of birds 14 species of fish.
(Kanchanpur) (2017 NP) Swamp Deer representative species. Swamp Deer translocated
to Bardia (2016), to Chitwan (2017)
5. Banke N.P 2010 550 343 sq. km 124 plants, 34 mammals, more than 300 birds, 24 reptiles, 7
(Banke) amphibians and 58 fish species. 90% natural forest coverage
composed of mainly Sal, Karma, Khair and Sissoo Flood plain,
foot hill and Churia hill are of prime habitat to Royal Bengal
tiger, Asiatic wild elephant and four-horned antelope.
6. Khaptad N.P 1984 225 216 sq. km Subtropical, and temperate forest Patans (pastureland) 135
(Doti, Bajhang, species flowers, 224 species medicinal herbs, 266 bird species
Accham, Bajura) with migratory birds joining the residential ones. pheasant
(Dhanphe) flycatchers, bulbuls, cuckoos, and eagles. 20 different,
species of mammals. Barking deer, wild boar, goral, Himalayan
black bear, Yellow-throated Marten, and Rhesus and Langur
 monkey.
7. Langtang N.P 1976 (2032 B.S) 1710 420 sq. km Sub-tropical vegetation characterized by Sal forest in the
(Rasuwa, Nuwakot, southern section of the park Hill forest (2000-2600m) consisting
Sindupalchok) of Chirpine, Rhododendron, and Nepalese alder. Temperate
zone (2600-3000m) is covered mainly by oak forest Old growth
forest of silver fir, hemlock, and larch in the lower sub-alpine
zone (3000-3600m).Musk deer and Himalayan tahr, Red panda,
Himalayan black bear, snow leopard, wild dog, ghoral, serow and
more than 250 species of birds.
8. Makalu Barun N.P 1992 1500 830 sq. km Mt. Makalu (8,463m) fifth highest mountain in the world and
(Sankhusabha, fourth highest in Nepal. Mt. Chamlang (7,319m), Mt. Baruntse
Solukhunbu) (7,129m). 25 species of rhododendron, 47 types of orchids, and
56 rare plants. Snow leopard, red panda, musk deer, wild boar
9. Rara N.P 1976 106 198 sq. km Rara lake located Snow trout, the only fish recorded in the lake.
- Smallest N.P Majority of the vegetation is dominated by blue pine. 20
different species of mammals. Musk deer, Himalayan black
bear, Leopard, Jackal, Himalayan tahr, Yellow throated marten,
Otter, Wild dog. Common langur. Rhesus macaque and Red
panda. 214 species of birds
10. Sagarmatha N.P 1976 1148 275 sq. km Lower altitude of the park include pine and hemlock forests,
- World Heritage Site in while fir, juniper, birch and rhododendron, scrub and alpine
1979 plant communities are common at the higher altitude. Red
panda, snow leopard, musk deer, Himalayan tahr, marten,
Himalayan mouse hare (pika)
118 species of bird including the Impeyan pheasant, snow cock,
blood pheasant, red billed cough
11. Shey- Phoksundo 1984 (2040 B.S) 3555 1349 sq. km Northern regions contain barren areas of the upper Himalayas
N.P (Dolpa, Mugu) Trans-Himalayan slope lands consisting of some rhododendron,
(Biggest N.P of caragana shrubs, and Salix, Juniper, white Himalayan birch, and
Nepal) the occasional silver fir dominate the high meadows of the
Himalayas. Snow leopard, grey wolf, musk deer, and blue sheep,
goral, great Tibetan sheep, Himalayan tahr, leopard, jackal, and
Himalayan black bear are also found in the park. 6 reptiles and
29 species of butterfly, including the highest-flying butterfly in
the world, Paralasa nepalaica. Over 200 species of birds
 12. Shivapuri Nagarjun 2002 159 118.61 sq. km Recorded wildlife in the park includes mammalian species such
N.P as Himalayan Black bear, leopard, jungle cat, and rhesus
(Kathmandu, monkey. 177 species of birds, including at least 9 threatened
Sindhupalchok, species, 102 species of butterflies with a number of rare and
Nuwakot, Dhading) endangered species, and 129 species of mushroom.

S.N Wildlife Reserve Est. date Area (sq. Buffer Zone Important Flora and Fauna
km)
1. Koshi Tappu W.R 1976 176 173.5 Last surviving population of Wild buffalo is found here, 159
(Sunsari) individuals 20 other animal species such as Hog deer, Wild boar,
Spotted deer, Blue bull, and Rock Python, wild elephant. 441
species of birds-many seen now here else in Nepal. Koshi
Barrage is an extremely important resting place for many
migratory birds: 87 winter and trans-Himalayan migratory
species. The Koshi River is home to 80 species of fish.

S.N Hunting Reserve Est. date Area (sq. Buffer Zone Important Flora and Fauna
km)
1. Dhorpatan H.R 1983 (1987 HR) 1325 - Every year livestock grazing activities begin from February and
(Rukum, Myagdi and last until October. More than 80,000 livestock enter the reserve
Baglung) for grazing. Prime habitats for blue sheep.
Status survey on blue sheep conducted by DNPWC on 2007
revealed that the reserve has 852 blue sheeps. Other animals
found are: leopard, goral, serow, Himalayan tahr, Himalayan
black bear, barking deer, wild boar, rhesus macazue, langur and
mouse hare. 137 sps of birds. Endangered animals in the
reserve include Musk deer, Wolf, Red panda, Cheer pheasant
and Danphe.

S.N Conservation Area Est. date Area (sq. Buffer Zone Important Flora and Fauna
km)
1. Annapurna C.A 1992 7629 - Largest conservation area of Nepal. Under management of NTNC
(Kaski, Lamjung, from 1986. Conservation area encompasses the Annapurna
Manang, Muatang, Himalayan range and also contains the world's deepest valley
 Myagdi) Kali Gandaki River Valley. It is bounded by the dry alpine deserts
of Mustang and Tibet (China) in the north, by the Kali Gandaki
River in the west, by Marsyandi Valley towards east and by
valleys and foothills of northern of Pokhara valley in the south
border.
2. Api Nampa C.A 2010 1903 - Large mammals commonly seen in the CA are the
(Darchula) Himalayan Tahr, Blue sheep and Musk deer.
3. Gaurishankar C.A 2179 - Under management of NTNC from 1986.
(Dolakha,
Sindhupalchok,
Ramechhap)
4. Krishnasaar C.A 2009 16.95 - Population of Black buck was gone down to 9 in 1975 and due to
(Bardia) persistent conservation efforts, the population reached up to
177 in 1990. Then again, the population has declined gradually
due to habitat loss and degradation and anthropogenic
interferences. Now, the population of Black buck is more than
200. 14 was translocated to Suklaphanta National Park
5. Manaslu C.A 1998 1663 - Under management of NTNC
(Gorkha, Manang) 33 species of mammals, 110 species of birds, 11 species of
butterflies and 3 species of reptiles.
Approx. 2000 species of plants, 11 types of forests and over 50
species on useful plants.
6. Kanchanjunga C.A 1998 2035 - Under management of user groups
(Taplejung) Blue sheep, snow leopard may see on hillsides above treeline.

Nepal has established a very good network of Protected Areas system with 12 National Parks, 1 Wildlife Reserve, 1 Hunting Reserve,
6 Conservation Areas, and 13 Buffer Zones extending from lowland Terai to high mountains, covering 23.39 % of the total country's
land.