Tab 1
Maths Seminar
Group 2
Visualising solid shapes
Good morning, everyone. We, Varsha, Eniya, Abinaya,
Santhoshi and Asher of group 2 are here to conduct a seminar
on the chapters, visualising solid shapes and symmetry.
PLANE FIGURES AND SOLID SHAPES
Any ideas what are plane figures?/or 2D shapes?/ So, plane
figures also known as 2D shapes are flat shapes that have only
length and breadth, like a circle or a triangle.
Solid shapes are three dimensional objects that have length,
breadth and height. Plane figures and solid shapes are all
around us. Example of plane figures - floor tiles and coin face,
solid shapes - buildings,books etc.
FACES, EDGES AND VERTICES
When study about solid shapes, we come across these three terms.
Faces, edges and vertices. What are they? Faces are the flat or
curved surfaces that make up a solid. For example, 5 faces of a
pyramid. Edges are the line segments where two faces
[Link], cube with 12 edges. Edges define the boundaries of
faces and give shape to the solids. Vertices are points where two
or more edges meet. A cube has 8 vertices. Vertices help us
identify corners and angles in 3D shapes.
We're gonna have a rapid fire quiz. Guess the answers in
5 [Link] many faces does an eraser have?/ How many edges
does it have?/ How many vertices?/ What about this coin?/
NETS
A net is a two dimensional pattern formed by unfolding the faces
of a solid shape along the edges without overlapping.
For example , a net of a cube consists of six squares arranged in a
particular pattern.
There are 11 different nets of a cube. In fields like packaging,
architecture and product design, nets are used to design boxes
and containers efficiently before they are made into a solid form.
VISUAL ESTIMATION
Visual estimation is the ability to judge or approximate
measurements such as length, area, volume, or number by
observation, without using measuring instruments.
Visual estimation is important because it develops spatial sense,
improves decision making, etc.
It is used in everyday life like estimating distance while driving,
and artists estimate proportions, perspective and spacing.
Which rectangle has more area?
Area depends on both length and breadth, not appearance alone.
DRAWING SOLIDS ON A FLAT SURFACE
There are two methods to draw 3D shapes on a paper.
Oblique and isometric sketches.
OBLIQUE SKETCHES: An oblique sketch is a way to draw a 3D
shape on a flat surface. The front face is drawn exactly as it looks,
in its real shape. The depth of the object is shown using slanting
lines , usually at an angle. This helps us see the length, breadth
and height in one drawing.
ISOMETRIC SKETCHES: An isometric sketch is a way to draw a
3D shape on a flat surface where all three dimensions are shown
equally. It is done on isometric dot paper or isometric grid paper .
The edges of the object are drawn along three directions, each at
equal angles to each other. Unlike oblique sketches,no face is
drawn in true shapes.
VIEWING SOLIDS FROM DIFFERENT ANGLES
When we see the sun or the moon , it appears to be a circle
right?But is it? No, it's a sphere. Then why does it look like a
circle? When we observe a three dimensional solid, we cannot
always see all its faces from a single viewpoint. Viewing solids
from different angles allows us to understand the complete
structure, shape and proportions of the object.
Front view: Shows the width and the height of the solid.
Top view: Shows the length and width from above.
Side view: Shows height and depth from the side.
Guess the solid. What is this? ( Cylinder)
What is this? (Pyramid)
VIEWING DIFFERENT SECTIONS OF A SOLID
Viewing different sections of a solid means cutting or slicing a
solid to observe its internal shape or cross section. This helps us
understand the structure of a solid that is not visible from the
outside.
Section/plane : A solid is cut along the plane ( horizontal,
vertical or slanting) to see the shape inside
TYPES OF SECTIONS: Horizontal section
Cut parallel to the base.
Vertical section
Cut perpendicular to the base
Oblique section
Cut at any other angle
Did you know that MRI and CT scans show cross sections of the
human body?
Hope you understood the chapter visualizing solid
shapes today .
Now, the rest of the group will be explaining symmetry.