Chapter 1 Introduction
1.1 Background
Currently, worldwide electricity generation through conventional resources like gas,
coal and oil are utilized as the primary sources of energy. It is a well-known fact that
conventional energy sources are non-renewable in nature. On the other hand, because of the
non-
along with other sorts of wastes. For the natural living conditions and the global climate
serious threat to the environment. Thus, to conserve the world, the greenhouse gas emission,
especially the CO2 and methane must be decreased by (60 70) % by 2050. This study is
evidenced by the scientific community [1].
In some of the past decades, the significance of renewable energy sources to generate
power are addressed, due to the threats of greenhouse gases, depletion of fossil fuel, global
sources include: independent energy, low or no fuel cost and environmentally clean. The
solar energy used for the generation of power with the help of Photovoltaic (PV) cells, has
evolved. The PV based power generation contains no wear and tear. Hence, it has a
maintenance cost which is lower than the others.
During 1839, Edmond Becquerel discovered the PV effect. He was a French scientist
[2], [3]. Further, during 1905 Albert Einstein publicized it in his publication [4]. It was in
1954 that the very first solar cell was developed in the Bell Laboratories. Then, in the late
1950s, the solar cells were utilized in the satellites, as a secondary power source.
In California, during 1982 Acro Solar, a first solar PV power station in the world was
established, which had 1 MW of capacity [5]. It is from then, across the whole world, the
installation of PV based power stations has seen clear and evident progress. Currently,
power plant, which has 579 MW of capacity [6]. It was on June 2015 when the Photovoltaic
plant was connected with the grid. Additionally, the power plants of 648 MWP and 750 MWP