GATE Institute of Technology and Management Sciences::TIRUPATI
MCA 102A – Programming in Python: Complete Lab Manual
[Link] Experiment
1. Write a Python program to print 'Hello, World!'.
2. Write a Python program to count frequency of characters in a string.
3. Write a Python program to generate Pascal's Triangle.
4. Write a Python program to find most frequent word in a list.
5. Write a Python program to implement a simple Bank Account using OOP.
6. Write a Python program to Find the Factorial of a given Number.
7. Write a Python program to Find the largest element among three numbers.
8. Write a Program to display all prime numbers within an interval.
9. Write a Program to Calculate LCM of Two numbers in Python.
10. Write a Python Program to Print the Fibonacci sequence of a given
Number.
11. Write a Python Program to Print the Sum of Natural Numbers of a given
Number.
12. Write a Python Program for Basic Mathematical Operations.
13. Write a Python Program to Check Palindrome String or not a Palindrome
String for a given string.
14. Write a Python Program to add two matrices using nested loops read
matrix values form keyboard.
15. Write a Python Program to find all Armstrong numbers for given Interval.
Experiment 1: Write a Python program to print 'Hello, World!'
Aim
Write a Python program to print 'Hello, World!'
Algorithm
1. Start
2. Print message
3. End
Pseudocode
BEGIN
PRINT 'Hello, World!'
END
Experiment 2: Write a Python program to count frequency of characters in a
string
Aim
Write a Python program to count frequency of characters in a string
Algorithm
1. Start
2. Read string
3. For each char count occurrences
4. Print result
5. End
Pseudocode
BEGIN
INPUT string
FOR each character
COUNT frequency
PRINT result
END
Experiment 3: Write a Python program to generate Pascal's Triangle.
Aim
Write a Python program to generate Pascal's Triangle
Algorithm
1. Start
2. Input rows
3. Generate triangle iteratively
4. Print rows
5. End
Pseudocode
BEGIN
INPUT rows
SET triangle
FOR i in rows
COMPUTE values
PRINT
END
Experiment 4: Write a Python program to find most frequent word in a list
Aim
Write a Python program to find most frequent word in a list
Algorithm
1. Start
2. Input list
3. Count frequency of each word
4. Find max
5. Print result
6. End
Pseudocode
BEGIN
INPUT list
COUNT frequency
FIND max
PRINT result
END
Experiment 5: Write a Python program to implement a simple Bank Account
using OOP
Aim
Write a Python program to implement a simple Bank Account using OOP
Algorithm
1. Start
2. Define class with deposit, withdraw, balance
3. Create object
4. Call methods
5. End
Pseudocode
BEGIN
DEFINE class
METHODS deposit, withdraw, balance
CREATE object
CALL methods
END
Experiment 6: Write a Python program to Find the Factorial of a given
Number.
Aim
Write a Python program to Find the Factorial of a given Number.
Algorithm
Step 1: Start the program.
Step 2: Read an integer n from the user.
Step 3: Initialize a variable factorial with value 1.
Step 4: Check if n is negative:
• If n < 0, print "Factorial is not defined for negative numbers" and go to Step 7.
Step 5: If n >= 0, do the following:
• For each integer i from 1 to n, multiply factorial by i.
factorial = factorial * i
Step 6: Print "Factorial of n is factorial".
Step 7: End the program.
Pseudocode
Step1:Takes input
Step2:Initializes factorial
Step3:Handles negative numbers
Step4:Uses a for loop to calculate factorial
Step:5Prints the result
Experiment 7: Write a Python program to Find the largest element among
three numbers.
Aim: To Write a Python program to Find the largest element among three numbers.
Algorithm
Step 1: Start the program.
Step 2: Read three numbers num1, num2, and num3 from the user.
Step 3: Compare the numbers to find the largest:
• If num1 > num2 and num1 > num3, then largest = num1.
• Else if num2 > num3, then largest = num2.
• Else, largest = num3.
Step 4: Print "The largest number is largest".
Step 5: End the program.
Pseudocode
START
[Link] num1, num2, num3 // Read three numbers from the user
[Link] num1 > num2 AND num1 > num3 THEN
largest = num1
[Link] IF num2 > num3 THEN
largest = num2
ELSE
largest = num3
END IF
[Link] "The largest number is", largest
END
Experiment 8: Write a Program to display all prime numbers within an
interval
Aim:To Write a Program to display all prime numbers within an interval
Algorithm
Step 1: Start the program.
Step 2: Read two integers from the user: lower (start of range) and upper (end of
range).
Step 3: Print a message: "Prime numbers between lower and upper are:".
Step 4: Loop through each number num from lower to upper:
• Step 4.1: If num is greater than 1, proceed (since primes are greater than 1).
• Step 4.2: Check if num is divisible by any integer i from 2 to num-1:
o If num % i == 0, then num is not prime → break the inner loop.
• Step 4.3: If the inner loop completes without breaking, then num is prime →
print num.
Step 5: Repeat for all numbers in the range.
Step 6: End the program.
Pseudocode
FOR num FROM lower TO upper DO
IF num > 1 THEN
SET isPrime = True
FOR i FROM 2 TO num - 1 DO
IF num MOD i == 0 THEN
SET isPrime = False
BREAK
END IF
END FOR
IF isPrime == True THEN
PRINT num
END IF
END IF
END FOR
END
Experiment 9: Write a Program to Calculate LCM of Two numbers in Python.
Aim:To Write a Program to Calculate LCM of Two numbers in Python.
Algorithm
Step 1: Start the program.
Step 2: Read two integers from the user, num1 and num2.
Step 3: Find the greater number between num1 and num2 and assign it to lcm.
Step 4: Repeat the following until LCM is found:
• If lcm is divisible by both num1 and num2 (lcm % num1 == 0 and lcm %
num2 == 0), then lcm is found → go to Step 5.
• Else, increment lcm by 1 and check again.
Step 5: Print "The LCM of num1 and num2 is lcm".
Step 6: End the program.
Pseudocode
START
INPUT num1 // First number
INPUT num2 // Second number
// Step 1: Find the greater number to start checking
IF num1 > num2 THEN
lcm = num1
ELSE
lcm = num2
END IF
// Step 2: Find LCM
WHILE True DO
IF lcm MOD num1 == 0 AND lcm MOD num2 == 0 THEN
BREAK // LCM found
ELSE
lcm = lcm + 1 // Increment lcm and check again
END IF
END WHILE
PRINT "LCM of", num1, "and", num2, "is", lcm
END
Experiment 10: Write a Python Program to Print the Fibonacci sequence of a
given Number
Aim:To Write a Python Program to Print the Fibonacci sequence of a given
Number.
Algorithm
Step 1: Start the program.
Step 2: Read an integer n from the user, which represents the number of terms
to print.
Step 3: Initialize two variables:
• a = 0 (first term)
• b = 1 (second term)
Step 4: Print a message: "Fibonacci sequence:".
Step 5: Loop from i = 0 to i < n:
• Print the value of a.
• Calculate the next term: next_term = a + b.
• Update the variables:
o a=b
o b = next_term
Step 6: Repeat Step 5 until all n terms are printed.
Step 7: End the program.
Pseudocode
START
INPUT n // Number of terms to print
// Step 1: Initialize first two terms
a=0
b=1
PRINT "Fibonacci sequence:"
// Step 2: Loop to generate Fibonacci numbers
FOR i FROM 0 TO n-1 DO
PRINT a
next_term = a + b
a=b
b = next_term
END FOR
END
Experiment 11: Write a Python Program to Print the Sum of Natural Numbers
of a given Number.
Aim:To Write a Python Program to Print the Sum of Natural Numbers of a
given Number.
Algorithm
Step1: Start.
Step 2: Display the message: "Enter a non-negative integer n:".
Step 3: Read the user input as a string (call it input_str).
Step 4:Try to convert input_str to integer n.
• If conversion fails (ValueError), display "Invalid input — enter an
integer." and Stop.
Step 5: If n < 0, display "Enter a non-negative integer." and Stop.
Step 6: Set sum = 0.
Step 7: Set i = 1.
Step8: While i <= n, do:
• sum = sum + i
• i=i+1
Step9: End while. At this point sum holds the total.
Step 10: Display "Sum = " followed by the value of sum.
Step 11:Stop.
Pseudocode
START
PRINT "Enter a non-negative integer n:"
READ n
IF n < 0 THEN
PRINT "Enter a non-negative integer"
STOP
ENDIF
sum ← 0
FOR i ← 1 TO n DO
sum ← sum + i
ENDFOR
PRINT "Sum =", sum
STOP
Experiment 12 Write a Python Program for Basic Mathematical Operations.
Aim: To a Write a Python Program for Basic Mathematical Operations
Algorithm
Start
1. Display a menu of operations:
1. Add
2. Subtract
3. Multiply
4. Divide
5. Exit
2. Repeat until the user chooses to exit (option 5):
1. Input the user’s choice of operation.
2. If choice is 5, exit the program.
3. If choice is one of 1, 2, 3, 4:
1. Input the first number (num1).
2. Input the second number (num2).
3. Check if input is numeric; if not, display error and repeat.
4. Perform the selected operation:
▪ 1: Add → num1 + num2
▪ 2: Subtract → num1 - num2
▪ 3: Multiply → num1 * num2
▪ 4: Divide → Check if num2 != 0 then num1 / num2;
else display "Division by zero error"
5. Display the result.
4. Else (choice not 1–5), display error message "Invalid choice".
5. Ask the user if they want to perform another calculation.
▪ If yes, repeat from step 2.
▪ If no, exit the program.
Stop
Pseudocode
START
FUNCTION add(x, y)
RETURN x + y
END FUNCTION
FUNCTION subtract(x, y)
RETURN x - y
END FUNCTION
FUNCTION multiply(x, y)
RETURN x * y
END FUNCTION
FUNCTION divide(x, y)
IF y = 0 THEN
RETURN "Error! Division by zero"
ELSE
RETURN x / y
ENDIF
END FUNCTION
LOOP
DISPLAY "Select operation:"
DISPLAY "1. Add"
DISPLAY "2. Subtract"
DISPLAY "3. Multiply"
DISPLAY "4. Divide"
DISPLAY "5. Exit"
READ choice
IF choice = 5 THEN
DISPLAY "Exiting program. Thank you!"
BREAK
ENDIF
IF choice IN (1, 2, 3, 4) THEN
READ num1
READ num2
IF choice = 1 THEN
result ← add(num1, num2)
DISPLAY num1 + " + " + num2 + " = " + result
ELSE IF choice = 2 THEN
result ← subtract(num1, num2)
DISPLAY num1 + " - " + num2 + " =
Experiment 13 Write a Python Program to Check Palindrome String or not a
Palindrome String for a given string
Aim: To Write a Python Program to Check Palindrome String or not a
Palindrome String for a given string
Algorithm
Start
1. Input a string from the user.
2. Preprocess the string:
o Remove spaces.
o Convert all characters to lowercase.
3. Reverse the processed string.
4. Compare the original processed string with the reversed string:
o If both are the same → The string is a palindrome.
o Otherwise → The string is not a palindrome.
5. Display the result.
Pseudocode
START
DISPLAY "Enter a string:"
READ string
# Preprocess the string
clean_string ← REMOVE_SPACES(string)
clean_string ← CONVERT_TO_LOWERCASE(clean_string)
# Reverse the string
reversed_string ← REVERSE(clean_string)
# Check if the string is a palindrome
IF clean_string = reversed_string THEN
DISPLAY string + " is a palindrome."
ELSE
DISPLAY string + " is not a palindrome."
ENDIF
STOP
Experiment 14 Write a Python Program to add two matrices using nested
loops read matrix values form keyboard.
Aim: To Write a Python Program to add two matrices using nested loops read
matrix values form keyboard.
Algorithm
Start
1. Input the number of rows (rows) and columns (cols) for the matrices.
2. Initialize two empty matrices: matrix1 and matrix2.
Input Elements of First Matrix
3. For each row i from 0 to rows-1:
1. Initialize an empty list row.
2. For each column j from 0 to cols-1:
▪ Input element [i+1, j+1] from the user.
▪ Append the element to row.
3. Append row to matrix1.
Input Elements of Second Matrix
4. Repeat the same steps as above to input elements into matrix2.
Add the Matrices
5. Initialize an empty matrix result.
6. For each row i from 0 to rows-1:
1. Initialize an empty list row_sum.
2. For each column j from 0 to cols-1:
▪ Compute sum = matrix1[i][j] + matrix2[i][j].
▪ Append sum to row_sum.
3. Append row_sum to result.
Display Result
7. For each row in result, display the row.
Stop
Pseudocode
START
# Input matrix size
DISPLAY "Enter number of rows:"
READ rows
DISPLAY "Enter number of columns:"
READ cols
# Initialize matrices
matrix1 ← empty list
matrix2 ← empty list
# Input elements of first matrix
DISPLAY "Enter elements of first matrix:"
FOR i FROM 0 TO rows-1
row ← empty list
FOR j FROM 0 TO cols-1
DISPLAY "Enter element [", i+1, ",", j+1, "]:"
READ num
APPEND num TO row
END FOR
APPEND row TO matrix1
END FOR
# Input elements of second matrix
DISPLAY "Enter elements of second matrix:"
FOR i FROM 0 TO rows-1
row ← empty list
FOR j FROM 0 TO cols-1
DISPLAY "Enter element [", i+1, ",", j+1, "]:"
READ num
APPEND num TO row
END FOR
APPEND row TO matrix2
END FOR
# Add matrices
result ← empty list
FOR i FROM 0 TO rows-1
row_sum ← empty list
FOR j FROM 0 TO cols-1
sum ← matrix1[i][j] + matrix2[i][j]
APPEND sum TO row_sum
END FOR
APPEND row_sum TO result
END FOR
# Display the result
DISPLAY "Sum of the two matrices:"
FOR EACH row IN result
DISPLAY row
END FOR
STOP
Experiment 15 Write a Python Program to find all Armstrong numbers for
given Interval.
Aim: To Write a Python Program to find all Armstrong numbers for given
Interval.
Algorithm
Start
1. Input the lower bound (lower) and upper bound (upper) of the interval.
2. Display a message: "Armstrong numbers between lower and upper
are:".
Check Each Number in Interval
3. For each number num from lower to upper (inclusive):
1. Calculate the number of digits in num → num_digits.
2. Initialize sum_of_powers = 0.
3. Set a temporary variable temp = num.
4. While temp > 0:
▪ Extract the last digit → digit = temp % 10.
▪ Add digit ** num_digits to sum_of_powers.
▪ Remove the last digit → temp = temp // 10.
5. If sum_of_powers == num:
▪ Display num as an Armstrong number.
Stop
4. End of program after checking all numbers in the interval.
Pseudocode
START
DISPLAY "Enter the lower bound:"
READ lower
DISPLAY "Enter the upper bound:"
READ upper
DISPLAY "Armstrong numbers between", lower, "and", upper, "are:"
FOR num FROM lower TO upper DO
num_digits ← LENGTH_OF(num) # Count the number of digits
sum_of_powers ← 0
temp ← num
WHILE temp > 0 DO
digit ← temp MOD 10
sum_of_powers ← sum_of_powers + (digit ^ num_digits)
temp ← temp DIV 10
END WHILE
IF sum_of_powers = num THEN
DISPLAY num
END IF
END FOR
STOP