MICRO PROCESSORS
Ravi Raj Choudhary
Computer Science
Central University of Rajasthan
Processor
• “Brain of Computer”
A processor (CPU) is the logic circuitry that responds to
and processes the basic instructions that drive a
computer.
Perform athematic/logic operations along with input/output
devices.
Called Micro-chip set.
Primary Function
• Fetch program instructions from RAM as
input.
• Decode: convert to its under-stable form.
• Execute: Processes It
• Write Back: Sends back the computed
results to output / storage devices
Generation of Microprocessor
• Microprocessor has mainly divided into five Generations.
First Generation (1971-73)
Second Generation (1974-78)
Third Generation (1979-80)
Fourth Generation (1981-1995)
Fifth Generation (1981-1995)
First Generation (1971-73)
Transistor-transistor Logic
Second Generation (1974-78)
Third Generation (1979-80)
Fourth Generation (1981-1995)
Fifth Generation (1995- till date)
Evaluation of Intel Processor
INTEL 4004
INTEL 8080
INTEL 8085
INTEL 8086
INTEL 8088
INTEL 80386
PENTIUM IV
DUAL CORE
CORE 2 Duo
I series:--i3
i5
i7
MODELS
Cont…….
Single Core Vs Dual Core
Dual Core
Multi - Core
A Multi-core microprocessor is one which combines two or
more independent processor into a single package, often a
single integrated circuit.
Ex: Tri Core, Four Core (AMD Phenom II X6 & Intel Core i7 Extrem
Edition)
Cont…….
Clock Speed
• The clock speed measures the number of cycles your
CPU executes per second
• A computer’s processor clock speed determines how
quickly the central processing unit (CPU) can retrieve and
interpret instructions. This helps your computer complete
more tasks by getting them done faster.
• Clock speeds are measured in Gigahertz (GHz), with a
higher number equating to higher clock speed. Multi-core
processors were developed to help CPUs run faster as it
became more difficult to increase clock speed.
How do I choose between more processor
cores or a higher clock speed?
• As we mentioned before, both processor cores and clock
speed are essential to operating your computer.
• Having a high clock speed but just one or two cores means
your computer will be able to load and interact with a single
application quickly.
• Conversely, having more processor cores, but a slower clock
speed means your computer can work with more applications
at a time, but each may run a little slower.