CHAPTER

3 MATRICES
Exercise 1: NCERT Based Topic-wise MCQs
3.1 INTRODUCTION
1. Which type of operations are used in electronic spreadsheet programs for personal computer, which is in
turn used in different areas of business and science? NCERT Page-56/N-39
(a) Functional operations
(b) Matrix operations
(c) Binary operations
(d) None of these

3.2 MATRIX
2. If a matrix has 8 elements, then which of the following will not be a possible order of the matrix?
(a) 1 × 8 NCERT Page-58/N-38
(b) 2 × 4
(c) 4 × 2
(d) 4 × 4
3. The number of all possible matrices of order 3 × 3 with each entry 0 or 1 is NCERT/ Page-57/N-40
(a) 18
(b) 512
(c) 81
(d) None of these
4. If 𝐴 = [𝑎𝑖𝑗 ] is a matrix of order 4 × 5, then the diagonal elements of 𝐴 are NCERT Page- 58/N − 40
(a) 𝑎11 , 𝑎22 , 𝑎33 , 𝑎44
(c) 𝑎11 , 𝑎22 , 𝑎33
(b) 𝑎55 , 𝑎44 , 𝑎33 , 𝑎22 , 𝑎11
(d) do not exist
5. If 𝐴 = [𝑎𝑖𝑗 ]3×4 is matrix given by NCERT Page-58/N-38
4 −2 1 3
𝐴=[5 7 9 6 ]
21 15 18 −25
Then, 𝑎23 + 𝑎24 will be equal to the element
(a) a14
(b) a44
(c) a13
(d) 𝑎32
 (𝑖+2𝑗)2
6. If 𝐴 = [𝑎𝑖𝑗 ]2×2, where 𝑎𝑖𝑗 = 2 , then 𝐴 is equal to NCERT Page-59/N-38
9 25
(a) [ ]
8 18
9/2 25/2
(b) [ ]
8 18
9 25
(c) [ ]
4 9
9/2 15/2
(d) [ ]
4 9
(𝑖+𝑗)2
7. The construction of 3 × 4 matrix 𝐴 whose elements 𝑎𝑖𝑗 is given by 2 is NCERT Page-59/N-38
2 9/2 8 25
(a) [9 4 5 18]
8 25 18 49
2 9/2 25/2 9
(b) [9/2 5/2 5 45/2]
25 18 25 9/2
2 9/2 8 25/2
(c) [9/2 8 25/2 18 ]
8 25/2 18 49/2
(d) None of these
8. If A is a 3 × 2 matrix, B is a 3 × 3 matrix and C is a 2 × 3 matrix, then the elements in 𝐴, 𝐵 and 𝐶 are
respectively NCERT Page- 57/N − 38
(a) 6,9,8
(b) 6,9,6
(c) 9,6,6
(d) 6,6,9

3.3 TYPES OF MATRICES

9. Which of the following is correct statement? NCERT Page-62/N-40
(a) Diagonal matrix is also a scalar matrix
(b) Identity matrix is a particular case of scalar matrix
(c) Scalar matrix is not a diagonal matrix
(d) Null matrix cannot be a square matrix
𝑥 + 3 𝑧 + 4 2𝑦 − 7 0 6 3𝑦 − 2
10. If [4𝑥 + 6 𝑎 − 1 0 ] = [ 2𝑥 −3 2𝑐 + 2 ] then, the values of 𝑎, 𝑏, 𝑐, 𝑥, 𝑦 and 𝑧 respectively
𝑏−3 3𝑏 𝑧 + 2𝑐 2𝑏 + 4 −21 0
are NCERT Page-63/N-41
(a) −2, −7, −1, −3, −5,2
(b) 2,7,1,3,5, −2
(c) 1,3,4,2,8,9
(d) −1,3, −2, −7,4,5
11. A square matrix 𝐴 = [𝑎𝑖𝑗 ]𝑛×𝑛 is called a diagonal matrix if aii = 0 for NCERT Page-61/N-40
(a) i = j
(b) i < 𝑗
 (c) i > 𝑗
(d) 𝑖 ≠ 𝑗
2𝑥 + 1 3𝑦
12. For what values of 𝑥 and 𝑦 are the following matrices equal 𝐴 = [ 2 ],𝐵 =
0 𝑦 − 5𝑦
2
[𝑥 + 3 𝑦 + 2]
0 −6
(a) 2,3 NCERT Page-61/N-41
(b) 3,4
(c) 2,2
(d) 3,3
𝑥 + 𝑦 2𝑥 + 𝑧 4 7
13. If [ ]=[ ], then the values of 𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧 and 𝑤 respectively are NCERT Page-61/N-41
𝑥 − 𝑦 2𝑧 + 𝑤 0 10
(a) 2,2,3,4
(c) 3,3,0,1
(b) 2,3,1,2
(d) None of these
14. If the diagonal elements of a diagonal matrix are all equal, then the matrix is called NCERT Page-62/N-40
(a) row matrix
(c) rectangular matrix
(b) scalar matrix
(d) None of these
15. A square matrix 𝐵 = [𝑏𝑖𝑗 ]𝑛×𝑛 is said to be a scalar matrix, if NCERT Page-62/N-40
(a) 𝑏𝑖𝑗 = 0 for 𝑖 ≠ 𝑗 and 𝑏𝑖𝑗 = 𝑘 for 𝑖 = 𝑗, for some constant 𝑘
(b) 𝑏𝑖𝑗 = 0 for 𝑖 = 𝑗
(c) 𝑏𝑖𝑗 ≠ 0 for 𝑖 = 𝑗 and 𝑏𝑖𝑗 = 0 for 𝑖 = 𝑗
(d) None of the above
𝑥+𝑦+𝑧 9
16. If [ 𝑥 + 𝑦 ] = [5] then the value of (𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧) is:
𝑦+𝑧 7
(a) (4,3,2) NCERT Page-61/N-41
(c) (2,3,4)
(b) (3,2,4)
(d) None of these
17. A square matrix 𝐵 = [𝑏𝑖𝑗 ]m×m is said to be a diagonal matrix, if NCERT Page- 61/N − 41
(a) all its non-diagonal elements are non-zero i.e., bji ≠ 0; 𝑖 ≠ 𝑗
(b) all its diagonal elements are zero, i.e., bij = 0, i = j
(c) all its non-diagonal elements are zero i.e, 𝑏𝑖𝑗 = 0 when 𝑖 ≠ 𝑗
(d) None of the above

3.4 OPERATIONS ON MATRICES

1 2
18. Let 𝐴 = ( ). Let 𝛼, 𝛽 ∈ ℝ be such that 𝛼𝐴2 + 𝛽𝐴 = 21 . Then 𝛼 + 𝛽 is equal to
−2 −5
(a) -10 NCERT Page-78/N-56
(b) -6
 (c) 6
(d) 10
19. Let 𝐴 = [𝑎𝑖𝑗 ] be a square matrix of order 3 such that 𝑎𝑖𝑗 = 2𝑗−𝑖 , for all 𝑖, 𝑗 = 1,2,3. Then, the matrix 𝐴2 +
𝐴3 + ⋯ . +𝐴10 is equal to : NCERT Page-73/N-56
310 −3
(a) ( )𝐴
2
310 −1
(b) ( )𝐴
2
310 +1
(c) ( )𝐴
2
310 +3
(d) ( 2 ) 𝐴
2𝑎 + 𝑏 𝑎 − 2𝑏 4 −3
20. If [ ]=[ ], then value of a + b − c + 2d is:
5𝑐 − 𝑑 4𝑐 + 3𝑑 11 24
(a) 8 NCERT Page-63/N-41
(b) 10
(c) 4
(d) -8
1, when 𝑖 ≠ 𝑗
21. If 𝐴 = [𝑎𝑖𝑗 ] is a square matrix of order 2 such that aij = { , then A2 is:
0, when 𝑖 = 𝑗
1 0
(a) [ ] NCERT Page-62/N-41 I CBSE Sample 2021-22
1 0
1 1
(b) [ ]
0 0
1 1
(c) [ ]
1 0
1 0
(d) [ ]
0 1
22. Given that matrices 𝐴 and 𝐵 are of order 3 × 𝑛 and 𝑚 × 5 respectively, then the order of matrix 𝐶 = 5𝐴 +
3𝐵 is: NCERT Page-61/N-38
(a) 3 × 5 and 𝑚 = 𝑛.
(b) 3 × 5
(c) 3 × 3
(d) 5 × 5
0 2 0 3𝑎
23. If A = [ ] and 𝑘A = [ ], then the values of 𝑘, 𝑎 and 𝑏 respectively are:
3 −4 2𝑏 24
(a) −6, −12, −18 NCERT Page-62/N-41
(b) −6, −4, −9
(c) −6,4,9
(d) −6,12,18
24. If the matrices 𝐴 = [𝑎𝑖𝑗 ] and 𝐵 = [𝑏𝑖𝑗 ] and 𝐶 = [𝑐𝑖𝑗 ] are of the same order, say 𝑚 × 𝑛, satisfy Associative
law, then NCERT Page- 68/N − 48
(a) (A + B) + C = A + (B + C)
(b) A + B = B + C
(c) A + C = B + C
(d) A + B + C = A − B − C
 0 𝑐 −𝑏 𝑎2 𝑎𝑏 𝑎𝑐
25. If 𝐴 = [−𝑐 0 𝑎 ] and 𝐵 = [𝑎𝑏 𝑏2 𝑏𝑐 ], then 𝐴𝐵 is equal to
𝑏 −𝑎 0 𝑎𝑐 𝑏𝑐 𝑐2
(a) B NCERT Page-63/N-56
(b) A
(c) O
(d) I
1 3 2 𝑥
26. If [1 𝑥 1] [0 5 1] [ 1 ] = 0, then 𝑥 is
0 3 2 −2
1
(a) − 2
1
(b)
2
(c) 1 NCERT Page-64/N-56
(d) -1
𝛼 0 1 0
27. If 𝐴 = [ ] and 𝐵 = [ ], then value of 𝛼 for which 𝐴2 = 𝐵, is
1 1 5 1
(a) 1 NCERT Page-73/N-56
(b) -1
(c) 4
(d) no real values
1 0 0
28. If 𝐴 = [0 1 0], then 𝐴2 + 2𝐴 equals
0 0 1
(a) 4A NCERT Page-78/N-56
(b) 3A
(c) 2A
(d) A
29. The order of the single matrix obtained from
1 −1
−1 0 2 0 1 23
[0 2 ] {[ ]−[ ]} is
2 0 1 1 0 21
2 3
(a) 2 × 3 NCERT Page-75/N-56
(b) 2 × 2
(c) 3 × 2
(d) 3 × 3
3 4 1
30. If 𝑝, 𝑞, 𝑟 are 3 real numbers satisfying the matrix equation, [𝑝𝑞𝑟] [3 2 3] = [301] then 2𝑝 + 𝑞 − 𝑟
2 0 2
equals : NCERT Page-78/N-56
(a) -3
(b) -1
(c) 4
(d) 2
 𝑖 0 −𝑖 −𝑖 𝑖
31. If 𝑃 = [ 0 −𝑖 𝑖 ] and 𝑄 = [ 0 0 ], then 𝑃𝑄 is equal to NCERT Page-77/N-56
−𝑖 𝑖 0 𝑖 −𝑖
−2 2
(a) [ 1 −1]
1 −1
2 −2
(b) [−1 1 ]
−1 1
2 −2
(c) [ ]
−1 1
1 0 0
(d) [0 1 0]
0 0 1
1
4 1 0 2 0 −1 15 + 𝑥
32. If 𝐴 = [ ], 𝐵 = [ ] , 𝐶 = [2] and 𝐷 = [ ] such that (2𝐴 − 3𝐵)𝐶 = 𝐷, then
1 −2 2 3 1 𝑥 1
1
𝑥= NCERT Page-69/N-56
(a) 3
(b) -4
(c) -6
(d) 6
1 0 0
33. If 𝐴 = [0 1 0 ] and 𝐼 is the unit matrix of order 3 , then 𝐴2 + 2𝐴4 + 4𝐴6 is equal to
𝑎 𝑏 −1
(a) 7A8 NCERT Page-73/N-56
(a) 7A7
(c) 8I
(d) 6I
1 2 −1 1 0 0
34. If 𝐴 = [3 0 2 ] , 𝐵 = [2 1 0], then 𝐴𝐵 is equal to NCERT/ Page-78/N-55
4 5 0 0 1 3
5 1 −3
(a) [ 3 2 6 ]
14 5 0
1 8 4
(c) [2 9 6]
0 2 0
11 4 3
(b) [ 1 2 3]
0 3 3
0 1 2
(d) [5 4 3]
1 8 2
35. If 𝐴 is a square matrix such that 𝐴2 = 𝐴, then (𝐼 + 𝐴)3 − 7𝐴 is equal to NCERT Page-77/N-56
(a) A
(b) I − A
 (c) I
(d) 3A
𝛼 𝛽
36. Given that 𝐴 = [ ] and 𝐴2 = 3𝐼, then
𝛾 −𝛼
(a) 1 + 𝛼 2 + 𝛽𝛾 = 0 NCERT Page-78/N-56 | CBSE Sample 2021-22
(c) 3 − 𝛼 2 − 𝛽𝛾 = 0
(b) 1 − 𝛼 2 − 𝛽𝛾 = 0
(d) 3 + 𝛼 2 + 𝛽𝛾 = 0
37. The matrix product NCERT Page-84/N-53
𝑎 𝑝
[𝑏 ] × [𝑥 𝑧] × [𝑞 ] equals :
𝑐 𝑟
pqr−abc
(a) xyz
xyz⋅pqr
(b) abc
pqr. abc
(c) xyz
(d) None of these
𝑎 𝑏 𝛼 𝛽
38. If 𝐴 = [ ] and 𝐴2 = [ ], then:
𝑏 𝑎 𝛽 𝛼
(a) 𝛼 = 𝑎2 + 𝑏 2 , 𝛽 = 𝑎𝑏 NCERT Page-83/N-53
(c) 𝛼 = 𝑎2 + 𝑏 2 , 𝛽 = 𝑎2 − 𝑏 2
(b) 𝛼 = a2 + b2 , 𝛽 = 2ab
(d) 𝛼 = 2𝑎𝑏, 𝛽 = 𝑎2 + 𝑏 2
1 0 0
39. For the matrix A = [0 1 0 ] , A2 is equal to
1 𝑚 −1
(a) 0 NCERT Page-78/N-53
(b) A
(c) I
(d) None of these
40. If 𝐴𝐵 = 𝐴 and 𝐵𝐴 = 𝐵, then 𝐵 2 is equal to NCERT Page-76/N-53
(a) B
(b) A
(c) 1
(d) 0
2 3
1 −2 3
41. If 𝐴 = [ ] and 𝐵 = [4 5], then
−4 2 5
2 1
(a) AB, BA exist and are equal NCERT Page-77/N-53
(b) AB, BA exist and are not equal
(c) AB exists and BA does not exist
(d) AB does not exist and BA exists
42. What is true about matrix multiplication ? NCERT Page-70/N-53
(a) It is commutative.
(c) Both of the above
 (b) It is associative.
(d) None of these
cos⁡ 𝜃 sin⁡ 𝜃 sin⁡ 𝜃 −cos⁡ 𝜃
43. cos⁡ 𝜃 [ ] + sin⁡ 𝜃 [ ] is equal to: NCERT Page-75/N-46
−sin⁡ 𝜃 cos⁡ 𝜃 cos⁡ 𝜃 sin⁡ 𝜃
0 0
(a) [ ]
0 0
1 0
(b) [ ]
0 0
0 1
(c) [ ]
1 0
1 0
(d) [ ]
0 1
1 2
44. If 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 − 5 and 𝐴 = [ ], then 𝑓(𝐴) is equal to NCERT Page-72/N-57
4 −3
0 −4
(a) [ ]
8 8
2 1
(b) [ ]
2 0
1 1
(c) [ ]
1 0
8 4
(d) [ ]
8 0
cos⁡ 𝑡 sin⁡ 𝑡
45. If 𝑅(𝑡) = [ ], then 𝑅(𝑠)𝑅(𝑡) equals
−sin⁡ 𝑡 cos⁡ 𝑡
(a) R(s + t) NCERT/ Page-73/N-55
(b) R(s − t)
(c) R(s) + R(t)
(d) None of these
2 0 1
46. If 𝐴 = [2 1 3], then 𝐴2 − 5𝐴 + 6𝐼 = NCERT Page-73/N-57
1 −1 0
1 −1 −5
(a) [−1 −1 4]
−3 −10 4
1 −1 −3
(b) [−1 −1 −10]
−5 4 4
(c) 0
(d) I
0 2 0 3𝑎
47. If 𝐴 = [ ] and 𝑘𝐴 = [ ], then the values of 𝑘, 𝑎, b are respectively.
3 −4 2𝑏 24
(a) −6, −12, −18 NCERT Page-83/N-46
(b) −6,4,9
(c) −6, −4, −9
(d) −6,12,18
0 𝑐 −𝑏 𝑎2 𝑎𝑏 𝑎𝑐
48. If 𝐴 = [−𝑐 0 𝑎 ] and 𝐵 = [𝑎𝑏 𝑏 2 𝑏𝑐 ], then 𝐴𝐵 is equal to
𝑏 −𝑎 0 𝑎𝑐 𝑏𝑐 𝑐 2
(a) B NCERT Page-85/N-55
(b) A
 (c) O
(d) I
cos⁡ 𝛼 −sin⁡ 𝛼 0
49. Let 𝐹(𝛼) = [ sin⁡ 𝛼 cos⁡ 𝛼 0] then 𝐹(𝛼) ⋅ 𝐹(𝛽) is equal to
0 0 1
(a) 𝐹(𝛼𝛽) NCERT Page-85/N-55
𝛼
(b) F (𝛽)
(c) F(𝛼 + 𝛽)
(d) F(𝛼 − 𝛽)
1 2 3 −7 −8 −9
50. The matrix 𝑋 such that X [ ]=[ ] is NCERT Page-86/N-56
4 5 6 2 4 6
1 2
(a) [ ]
2 0
1 −2
(b) [ ]
2 0
1 2
(c) [ ]
−2 0
1 2
(d) [ ]
0 −2
1 0 0 1 cos⁡ 𝜃 sin⁡ 𝜃
51. If I = [ ],J = [ ] and B = [ ], then value of 𝐵 in terms of 𝐼 and 𝐽 is
0 1 −1 0 −sin⁡ 𝜃 cos⁡ 𝜃
(a) I sin𝜃 + Jcos⁡ 𝜃 NCERT Page-78/N-53
(b) I sin⁡ 𝜃 − Jcos⁡ 𝜃
(c) I Icos⁡ 𝜃 + Jsin⁡ 𝜃
(d) −Isin⁡ 𝜃 + Jcos⁡ 𝜃
1 0 1 −2
52. If 𝐴 = [ 3 −1] and 𝐵 = [−2 2 ], then find the matrix ' 𝑋 ' such that 3𝐴 + 𝑋 = 5𝐵.
−5 2 1 1
2 −10
(a) [−19 13]
20 −1
−10 1
(b) [ 13 −19]
−1 20
−10 12
(c) [ 3 −19]
−1 20
(d) None of these NCERT Page-77/N-47
1 −1 𝑥 1
53. If 𝐴 = [ ],𝐵 = [ ] and
2 −1 𝑦 −1
(𝐴 + 𝐵)2 = 𝐴2 + 𝐵 2, then 𝑥 + 𝑦 = NCERT Page-79/N-47
(a) 2
(b) 3
(c) 4
(d) 5
 3 2 1 9 6 29
54. Given that A = [5 7] , B = [0 3 ] and X = [ 5 16] and if 2𝐴 + 6𝐵 = 𝑘𝑋, then the value of 𝑘 is
8 9 4 10 20 39
(a) 2 NCERT Page-78/N-47
(b) 3
(c) 4
(d) 5
𝑥 𝑦 1 2 23 34
55. If [ ][ ]=[ ],
2 4 3 4 14 20
(a) 6 NCERT PAGE- 76/N-55
(b) 1
(c) 8
(d) 9
𝑥 5 3 −4 7 6
56. Find the values of x, y and z from the following equation: 2 [ ]+[ ]=[ ]
7 𝑦−3 1 2 𝑧 14
(a) 3,9,14 NCERT Page-76/N-46
(b) 2,9,15
(c) 2,9,14
(d) None of these
57. Given that NCERT Page-75/N-56
1 𝜔 𝜔2 k 1 1 0 0 0
[ 𝜔 𝜔2 1 ] [1 1 1] = [0 0 0], then k
𝜔2 1 𝜔 1 1 1 0 0 0
(a) 6
(b) 1
(c) 8
(d) 9
1 −1 𝑎 1
58. If 𝐴 = [ ],𝐵 = [ ] and
2 1 𝑏 −1
(𝐴 + 𝐵)2 = 𝐴2 + 𝐵 2 + 2𝐴𝐵, then values of 𝑎 and 𝑏 are NCERT Page-74/N-56
(a) a = 1, b = −2
(b) 𝑎 = 1, 𝑏 = 2
(c) a = −1, b = 2
(d) 𝑎 = −1, 𝑏 = −2
5 2 3 6
59. Find 𝑋 and 𝑌, if 𝑋 + 𝑌 = [ ] and 𝑋 − 𝑌 = [ ] NCERT Page-75/N-48
0 9 0 −1
1 2
(a) [ ]
0 5
−1 2
(c) [ ]
0 5
1 −2
(b) [ ]
0 5
(d) None of these
𝛼 0 1 0
60. If 𝐴 = [ ] and 𝐵 = [ ], then value of 𝛼 for which 𝐴2 = 𝐵, is
1 1 5 1
(a) 1 NCERT Page-74/N-55
(c) 4
 (b) -1
(d) no real values
1 0 1 0
61. If 𝐴 = [ ] and 𝐼 = [ ], then the value of 𝑘 so that A2 = 8A + kI is
−1 7 0 1
(a) k = 7 NCERT Page-66/N-56
(b) k = −7
(c) k = 0
(d) None of these
6 −6 0 3 2 5
62. Find matrices 𝑋, if 2𝑋 − 𝑌 = [ ] and X + 2Y = [ ]. NCERT Page-67/N-48
−4 2 1 −2 1 −7
3 −2 −2
(a) [ ]
−2 0 −1
3 −2 2
(b) [ ]
−2 1 −1
−3 ⋅ −2 1
(c) [ ]
−2 1 −1
(d) None of these
0 −tan⁡(𝜃/2) cos⁡ 𝜃 −sin⁡ 𝜃
63. If matrix 𝑃 = [ ], then find (𝐼 − 𝑃) [ ]
tan⁡ 𝜃/2 0 sin⁡ 𝜃 cos⁡ 𝜃
(a) I + 2P NCERT Page-67/N-46
(b) 2I + P
(c) I + P
(d) None of these
𝑥2 𝑥 −2
[Link] the matrix equation [ 2 ] − 3 [2𝑦] = [ ], then the values of x and y are
𝑦 −9
(a) (1,3) NCERT/ Page-66/N-47
(c) both (a) & (b)
(b) (2,3)
(d) None of these
𝑥+𝑦 𝑦 2 3
65. Let 𝐴 = [ ] , 𝐵 = [ ] and 𝐶 = [ ] If 𝐴𝐵 = 𝐶, then what is 𝐴2 equal to?
2𝑥 𝑥−𝑦 −1 2
6 −10
(a) [ ] NCERT Page-66/N-55
4 26
−10 5
(b) [ ]
4 24
−5 −6
(c) [ ]
−4 −20
−5 −7
(d) [ ]
−5 20
𝑎 0 9 𝑎
65. If 𝐴 = [ ] and 𝐵 = [ ] and 𝐴2 = 𝐵, then the value of 𝑎 + 𝑏 + 𝑐 is
1 1 𝑏 𝑐
(a) 1 or -1 NCERT Page-61/N-55
(b) 5 or -1
(c) 5 or 1
(d) no real values
 𝛼
0 −tan⁡ 2 cos⁡ 𝛼 −sin⁡ 𝛼
67. If A = [ 𝛼 ] and 𝐼 is the identity matrix of order 2 , then (𝐼 − 𝐴) [ ] is equal to
tan⁡ 2 0 sin⁡ 𝛼 cos⁡ 𝛼
(a) I + A NCERT Page-62/N-55
(c) A − I
(b) I – A
(d) A
2 0 7 −x 14x 7x 1 0 0
68. If [0 1 0] [ 0 1 0 ] = [0 1 0] then find the value of 𝑥
1 −2 1 x −4x −2x 0 0 1
1
(a) 2
1
(b)
5
(c) No unique value of ' 𝑥 ' NCERT Page-82/N-48
(d) None of these
𝛼 𝛽
69. If A = [ ] such that A2 is a two - rowed unit matrix, then 𝛿 is equal to NCERT Page-81/N-40
𝛾 𝛿
(a) 𝛼
(b) 𝛽
(c) 𝛾
(d) None of these
70. If 𝐴 and 𝐵 are two matrices such that 𝐴 + 𝐵 and 𝐴𝐵 are both defined, then NCERT Page-84/N-40
(a) A and B are two matrices not necessarily of same order.
(b) A and B are square matrices of same order.
(c) Number of columns of 𝐴 = Number of rows of 𝐵.
(d) None of these.
𝛼 02 1 0
71. If 𝐴2 = [ ] =[ ], how many values of 𝛼 exist which satisfy the condition. NCERT Page-85/N-55
1 1 5 1
(a) 0
(b) 1
(c) 4
(d) None of these
72. If 𝐴 is matrix of order 𝑚 × 𝑛 and 𝐵 is a matrix such that AB′ and B′ 𝐴 are both defined, then order of matrix
𝐵 is NCERT Page-78/N-38
(a) m × m
(b) n × n
(c) n × m
(d) 𝑚 × 𝑛
73. If 𝐴 and 𝐵 are 2 × 2 matrices, then which of the following is true? NCERT Page- 7/N − 55
2 2 2
(a) (𝐴 + 𝐵) = 𝐴 + 𝐵 + 2𝐴𝐵
(b) (𝐴 − 𝐵)2 = 𝐴2 + 𝐵 2 − 2𝐴𝐵
(c) (A − B)(A + B) = A2 + AB − BA − B2
(d) (𝐴 + 𝐵)(𝐴 − 𝐵) = 𝐴2 − 𝐵 2
2
74. Let 𝐴 = [ cos ⁡ 𝜃 sin⁡ 𝜃cos⁡ 𝜃] and
cos⁡ 𝜃sin⁡ 𝜃 sin2 ⁡ 𝜃
 cos2 ⁡ 𝜙 sin⁡ 𝜙cos⁡ 𝜙
𝐵=[ ], then 𝐴𝐵 = 0, if
cos⁡ 𝜙sin⁡ 𝜙 sin2 ⁡ 𝜙
(a) 𝜃 = n𝜙, n = 0,1,2, … …. NCERT Page-75/N-55
(b) 𝜃 + 𝜙 = n𝜋, n = 0,1,2, ….
𝜋
(c) 𝜃 = 𝜙 + (2n + 1) 2 , n = 0,1,2, …
n𝜋
(d) 𝜃 = 𝜙 + , n = 0,1,2, …
2

3.5 TRANSPOSE OF A MATRIX

cos⁡ 𝑥 −sin⁡ 𝑥
75. If 𝐴 = [ ], then 𝐴𝑇 is
sin⁡ 𝑥 cos⁡ 𝑥
(a) Zero matrix NCERT Page-85/N-61
(b) I2
1 1
(c) [ ]
1 1
(d) None of these
1
76. If 𝐴 = [−4] and 𝐵 = [−1 2 1], then (𝐴𝐵)′ is equal to, NCERT Page-85/N-63
3
−1 4 −3
(a) [ 2 −8 6 ]
1 −4 3
−1 2 1
(b) [ 4 −8 −4]
−3 6 3
1 4 −3
(c) [2 −8 6 ]
1 4 3
−1 4 −3
(d) [ 2 8 6]
1 −4 3
77. If 𝐴 and 𝐵 are square matrices of the same order and if A = 𝐴𝑇 , 𝐵 = 𝐵 𝑇 , then (𝐴𝐵𝐴)𝑇 =
(a) 𝐵𝐴𝐵 NCERT Page-72/N-63
(b) 𝐴𝐵𝐴
(c) 𝐴𝐵𝐴𝐵
(d) 𝐴𝐵 𝑇
1 2 2
78. If 𝐴 = [2 1 −2] is a matrix satisfying AAT = 9I3 , then the values of 𝑎 and 𝑏 respectively are
𝑎 2 𝑏
(a) 1,2 NCERT Page-71/N-63
(b) −2, −1
(c) −1,2
(d) −2,1
79. For a matrix A, AI = A and AAT = I is true for
(a) If 𝐴 is a square matrix NCERT Page-72/N-63
(b) If 𝐴 is a non singular matrix.
(c) If 𝐴 is symmetric matrix.
 (d) If A is any matrix.
cos⁡ 𝛼 −sin⁡ 𝛼
80. If 𝐴 = [ ], then 𝐴 + 𝐴′ = 𝐼, then the value of 𝛼 is NCERT Page-73/N-62
𝜋
sin⁡ 𝛼 cos⁡ 𝛼
(a) 6
𝜋
(b) 3
(c) 𝜋
3𝜋
(d) 2 .
81. If 𝐴 = [𝑎𝑖𝑗 ]𝑚×𝑛 , then 𝐴′ is equal to NCERT Page-84/N-61
(a) [𝑎𝑗𝑖 ]𝑛×𝑚
(c) [aji ]
m×n
(b) [𝑎𝑖𝑗 ]𝑚×𝑛
(d) [aij ]
n×m

3.6 SYMMETRIC AND SKEW SYMMETRIC MATRICES

82. Let 𝐴 and 𝐵 be any two 3 × 3 symmetric and skew symmetric matrices respectively. Then which of the
following is not true? NCERT Page-86/N-64
(a) A4 − B4 is a smmetric matrix
(b) AB − BA is a symmetric matrix
(c) B5 − A5 is a skew-symmetric matrix
(d) AB + BA is a skew-symmetric matrix
83. For any square matrix A, AAT is a NCERT Page-86/N-64
(a) unit matrix
(c) skew-symmetric matrix
(b) symmetric matrix
(d) diagonal matrix
0 2 −3
84. If 𝐴 = [−2 0 −1], then 𝐴 is a
3 1 0
(a) symmetric matrix NCERT Page-86/N-64
(c) diagonal matrix
(b) skew-symmetric matrix
(d) none of these
85. Each diagonal element of a skew-symmetric matrix is NCERT Page-87/N-64
(a) zero
(b) positive
(c) non-real
(d) negative
3 −4
86. If [ ] is the sum of a symmetric matrix 𝐵 and a skewsymmetric matrix 𝐶, then 𝐶 is
1 −1
1 −5/2
(a) [ ] NCERT Page-86/N-64
5/2 0
 1 −5/2
(b) [ ]
5/2 1
0 −5/2
(c) [ ]
5/2 0
1 −3/2
(d) [ ]
5/2 1
0 −2
87. Let A = [ ]. If M and N are two matrices given by M = ∑10
𝑘=1 𝐴
2𝑘
and N = ∑10
𝑘=1 𝐴
2𝑘−1
then MN2 is
2 0
(a) a non-identity symmetric matrix NCERT Page-87/N-64
(b) a skew-symmetric matrix
(c) neither symmetric nor skew-symmetric matrix
(d) an identify matrix
88. If A is symmetric as well as skew-symmetric matrix, then A is NCERT Page-85/N-64
(a) Diagonal
(b) Null
(c) Triangular
(d) None of these
89. If 𝜔 is a complex cube root of unity, then the matrix NCERT Page-85/N-64
2
1 𝜔 𝜔
𝐴 = [𝜔 2 𝜔 1 ] is
𝜔 1 𝜔2
(a) symmetric matrix
(b) diagonal matrix
(c) skew-symmetric matrix
(d) .None of these
90. If 𝐶 is skew-symmetric matrix of order 𝑛 and 𝑋 is 𝑛 × 1 column matrix, then X ′ CX is a NCERT Page-85/N-61
(a) scalar matrix
(b) unit matrix
(c) null matrix
(d) None of these
91. If 𝐴 is a square matrix, then 𝐴 + 𝐴𝑇 is NCERT Page-84/N-61
(a) Non-singular matrix
(b) Symmetric matrix
(c) Skew-symmetric matrix
(d) Unit matrix
92. If 𝐴 is any square matrix, then which of the following is skew-symmetric? NCERT Page-84/N-62
T
(a) A + A
(b) A − AT
(c) AAT
(d) 𝐴𝑇 𝐴
 3.7,
3.8 ELEMENTARY OPERATION OF A MATRIX & INVERTABLE MATRICES
1 2
93. After applying 𝑅2 → 𝑅2 − 2𝑅1 to 𝐶 = [ ], we get NCERT Page-92
2 −1
1 2
(a) [ ]
2 −5
1 2
(b) [ ]
0 −5
1 4
(c) [ ]
2 −3
2 −1
(d) [ ]
1 2
94. If 𝑋, 𝐴 and 𝐵 are matrices of the same order such that 𝑋 = 𝐴𝐵, then we apply elementary column
transformation simultaneously on X and on the matrix NCERT Page-93
(a) B
(b) A
(c) AB
(d) Both A and B
4 3
95. Consider the matrix 𝐴 = [ ]. On applying elementary row operation 𝑅2 → 𝑅2 − 𝑛𝑅1 , it becomes
1 5
4 3
[ ], then the value of 𝐧 =
−11 −4
(a) 2 NCERT Page-92
(b) 3
(c) 4
(d) 5

Exercise 2 : NCERT Exemplar & Past Years JEE Main

NCERT EXEMPLAR QUESTIONS
0 0 4
1. The matrix 𝑃 = [0 4 0] is
4 0 0
(a) square matrix NCERT/ Page-56/N-40
(b) diagonal matrix
(c) unit matrix
(d) None of these
2. Total number of possible matrices of order 3 × 3 with each entry 2 or 0 is NCERT/ Page-57/N-40
(a) 9
(b) 27
(c) 81
(d) 512
2𝑥 + 𝑦 4𝑥 7 7𝑦 − 13
3. [ ]=[ ], then NCERT Page-58/N-41
5𝑥 − 7 4𝑥 𝑦 𝑥+6
(a) 𝑥 = 3, 𝑦 = 1
(b) 𝑥 = 2, 𝑦 = 3
 (c) 𝑥 = 2, 𝑦 = 4
(d) 𝑥 = 3, 𝑦 = 3
𝑥 𝑥
1
sin−1 ⁡(𝑥𝜋) tan−1 ⁡ (𝜋) 1
−cos−1 ⁡(𝑥𝜋) tan−1 ⁡ (𝜋)
4. If 𝐴 = 𝜋 [ 𝑥
] and 𝐵 = 𝜋 [ 𝑥
] then 𝐴 − 𝐵 is equal to
sin−1 ⁡ (𝜋) cot −1 ⁡(𝜋𝑥) sin−1 ⁡ (𝜋) −tan−1 ⁡(𝜋𝑥)
(a) 𝐼 NCERT Page-66/N-46
(b) 0
(c) 2𝐼
1
(d) 2 𝐼
5. If 𝐴 and 𝐵 are two matrices of the order 3 × 𝑚 and 3 × 𝑛, respectively and 𝑚 = 𝑛, then order of mamtrix
(5𝐴 − 2𝐵) is NCERT Page-67/N-38
(a) 𝑚 × 3
(b) 3 × 3
(c) 𝑚 × 𝑛
(d) 3 × 𝑛
0 1
6. If 𝐴 = [ ], then 𝐴2 is equal to NCERT Page-68/N-55
1 0
0 1
(a) [ ]
1 0
1 0
(b) [ ]
1 0
0 1
(c) [ ]
0 1
1 0
(d) [ ]
0 1
7. If matrix 𝐴 = [𝑎𝑖𝑗 ]2×2, where 𝑎𝑖𝑗 = 1, if 𝑖 ≠ 𝑗 and 0 if 𝑖 = 𝑗, then 𝐴2 is equal to NCERT Page-66/N-55
(a) 𝐼
(b) 𝐴
(c) 0
(d) None of these
1 0 0
8. The matrix [0 2 0] is a
0 0 4
(a) identity matrix NCERT Page- 57/N − 40
(b) symmetric matrix
(c) skew-symmetric matrix
(d) None of these
0 −5 8
9. The matrix [ 5 0 12] is a
−8 −12 0
(a) diagonal matrix NCERT Page-56/N-63
(b) symmetric matrix
(c) skew-symmetric matrix
(d) scalar matrix
10. If 𝐴 is matrix of order 𝑚 × 𝑛 and 𝐵 is matrix such that 𝐴𝐵 ′ and 𝐵 ′ 𝐴 are both defined, then order of matrix
𝐵 is NCERT Page-72/N-38
 (a) 𝑚 × 𝑚
(b) 𝑛 × 𝑛
(c) 𝑛 × 𝑚
(d) 𝑚 × 𝑛
11. If 𝐴 and 𝐵 are matrices of same order, then (𝐴𝐵 ′ − 𝐵𝐴′ ) is a NCERT Page-84/N-63
(a) skew symmetric matrix
(b) null matrix
(c) symmetric matrix
(d) unit matrix
12. If 𝐴 is a square matrix such that 𝐴2 = 𝐼, then (𝐴 − 𝐼)3 + (𝐴 + 𝐼)3 − 7𝐴 is equal to NCERT Page-83/N-63
(a) A
(b) I-A
(c) I + A
(d) 3A
13. For any two matrices 𝐴 and 𝐵, we have NCERT Page-84/N-61
(a) AB = BA
(b) AB ≠ BA
(c) AB = O
(d) None of these
14. On using elementary column operations 𝐶2 → 𝐶2 − 2𝐶1 in the following matrix equation
1 −3 1 −1 3 1
[ ]=[ ][ ], we have NCERT Page-85/N-55
2 4 0 1 2 4
1 −5 1 −1 3 −5 1 −5 1 −1 3 −5
(a) [ ]=[ ][ ] (b) [ ]=[ ][ ]
0 4 −2 2 2 0 0 4 0 1 −0 2
1 −5 1 −3 3 1 1 −5 1 −1 3 −5
(c) [ ]=[ ][ ] (d) [ ]=[ ][ ]
2 0 0 1 −2 4 2 0 0 1 2 0
4 2
15. On using elementary row operations 𝑅1 → 𝑅1 − 3𝑅2 in the following matrix equation [ ]=
3 3
1 2 2 0
[ ][ ], we have NCERT Page-90
0 3 1 1
−5 −7 1 −7 2 0 −5 −7 1 2 −1 −3
(a) [ ]=[ ][ ] (b) [ ]=[ ][ ]
3 3 0 3 1 1 3 3 0 3 1 1
−5 −7 1 2 2 0 4 2 1 2 2 0
(c) [ ]=[ ][ ] (d) [ ]=[ ][ ]
3 3 1 −7 1 1 −5 −7 −3 −3 1 1

PAST YEARS JEE MAIN

√3 1
2 2 1 1
16. If P = [ ],A =[ ] and Q = PAP T , then P T Q2015 P is ;
−2
1 √3 0 1
2
0 2015
(a) [ ] NCERT Page-84/N-61 / 2016, A
0 0
2015 0
(b) [ ]
1 2015
 1 2015
(c) [ ]
0 1
2015 1
(d) [ ]
0 2015
2 −3
17. If 𝐴 = [ ], then adj⁡(3𝐴2 + 12𝐴) is equal to : NCERT Page-84/N-56 | 2017, A
−4 1
72 −63
(a) [ ]
−84 51
72 −84
(b) [ ]
−63 51
51 63
(c) [ ]
84 72
51 84
(d) [ ]
63 72
1 1 1 2 1 3 1 𝑛−1 1 78 1 𝑛
18. If [ ]⋅[ ]⋅[ ] ⋯ ⋯ … .⋅ [ ]=[ ], then the inverse of [ ] is:
0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1
1 0
(a) [ ] NCERT Page-85/N-56 | 2019, C
12 1
1 −13
(b) [ ]
0 1
1 −12
(c) [ ]
0 1
1 0
(d) [ ]
13 1
1 1 1
1
19. Let 𝛼 be a root of the equation 𝑥 + 𝑥 + 1 = 0 and the matrix 𝐴 = [1 𝛼 𝛼 2 ], then the matrix 𝐴31 is
2
√3
1 𝛼2 𝛼4
equal to: NCERT Page-86/N-55 | 2020, C
(a) 𝐴
(b) 𝐼3
(c) 𝐴2
(d) 𝐴3
1 −1 0
20. Let 𝐴 = 0 1 −1) and 𝐵 = 7𝐴20 − 20𝐴7 + 2𝐼, where 𝐼 is an identity matrix of order 3 × 3. If 𝐵 =
(
0 0 1
[𝑏𝑖𝑗 ], then 𝑏13 is equal to NCERT Page-94/N-56 | 2021, A
1 2 2
9 −10 11
21. Let 𝐴 = [1] and 𝐵 [122 13 −142 ], then the vlaue of A′ BA is:
2

1 −152 162 172

(a) 1224 NCERT Page-85/N-63 | 2022, C
(b) 1042
(c) 540
(d) 539
𝑎 𝑏
22. The number of matrices 𝐴 = [ ], where a, 𝑏, 𝑐, 𝑑 ∈ {−1,0, 1,2,3, … … … … . . ,10} such that 𝐴 = 𝐴−1 , is
𝑐 𝑑
NCERT Page-92/N-38 | 2022, S
2
23. Let 𝐴 = [𝑎𝑖𝑗 ]2×2 where 𝑎𝑖𝑗 ≠ 0 for all 𝑖, 𝑗 and 𝐴 = 𝐼. Let 𝑎 be the sum of all diagonal elements of 𝐴 and
𝑏 = |𝐴|, then 3𝑎2 + 4𝑏 2 is equal to NCERT Page-90/N-56 | 2023, C
(a) 7
 (b) 14
(c) 3
(d) 4
24. The number of symmetric matrices of order 3 , with all the entries from the set {0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9}, is :
(a) 610 NCERT Page-90/N-56 | 2023, S
10
(b) 9
(c) 109
(d) 106 .

Exercise 3 : Skill Enhancer MCQs

1. If 𝐵, 𝐶 are square matrices of order 𝑛 and if 𝐴 = 𝐵 + 𝐶, 𝐵𝐶 = 𝐶𝐵, 𝐶 2 = 0, then for any positive integer
N, AN+1 = BK [B + (N + 1)C], then K/N is
(a) 1
(b) 1/2
(c) 2
(d) None of these
2. Let 𝐴 be 𝑎3 × 3 matrix given by 𝐴 = (𝑎𝑖𝑗 )3×3. If for every column vector 𝑋 satisfies 𝑋 ′ 𝐴𝑋 = 0 and 𝑎12 =
2008, 𝑎13 = 1010 and 𝑎23 = −2012. Then the value of 𝑎21 + 𝑎31 + 𝑎32 =
(a) -6
(b) 2006
(c) -2006
(d) 0
3. If A1 , A3 , … . . , A2n−1 are n skew-symmetric matrices of same order, then 𝐵 = ∑𝑛𝑟=1 (2𝑟 − 1)(𝐴2𝑟−1 )2𝑟−1
will be (a) symmetric
(b) skew-symmetric
(c) neither symmetric nor skew-symmetric
(d) data is adequate
cos⁡ 𝜃 sin⁡ 𝜃 1
4. If 𝐴 = [ ] then lim𝑛→∞ 𝑛 𝐴𝑛 is
−sin⁡ 𝜃 cos⁡ 𝜃
(a) a null matrix
(b) an identity matrix
0 1
(c) [ ]
−1 0
(d) None of these
0 𝛼 𝑎 𝑏
5. Let A = [ ] and (𝐴 + 𝐼)50 − 50A = [ ], find 𝑎𝑏𝑐 + 𝑎𝑏𝑑 + 𝑏𝑐𝑑 + 𝑎𝑐𝑑
0 0 𝑐 𝑑
(a) 0
(b) -1
(c) 1
(d) None of these
6. If 𝐴 is a square matrix such that (𝐴 − 2𝐼)(𝐴 + 𝐼) = 𝑂, then 𝐴−1 =
A−I
(a) 2
𝐴+𝐼
(b) 2
 (c) 2(𝐴 − 𝐼)
(d) 2A + I
7. Which of the following statement(s) is/are correct?
(a) If 0 < 𝑎 < 𝑏 < 𝑐 and 𝛼, 𝛽 are imaginary roots of 𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 = 0 then |𝛼| > 1
(b) If 𝑥𝑦 = 2(𝑥 + 𝑦), where 𝑥, 𝑦 ∈ 𝑁 and 𝑥 ≤ 𝑦 hasuniquesolution
(c) Using the elements −7, −4,0,4,7 the number of 4 × 4 skew symmetric matrices is 56
(d) Using the elements −7, −4,0,4,7 the number of 3 × 3 symmetric matrices is 56
1 1 1 2 1 3 1 𝑛 1 378
8. If the product of 𝑛 matrices [ ][ ][ ]…[ ] is equal to the matrix [ ], then the value
0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1
of 𝑛 is equal to
(a) 26
(b) 27
(c) 337
(d) 378
9. 𝐴 and 𝐵 are two square matrices such that 𝐴2 𝐵 = 𝐵𝐴 and if (𝐴𝐵)10 = 𝐴𝑘 𝐵10, then 𝑘 is
(a) 1001
(b) 1023
(c) 1042
(d) None of these
cos⁡(𝜋/6) sin⁡(𝜋/6) 1 1
10. If P = [ ],A = [ ] and Q = PAP ′ then P ′ Q2007 P is equal to
−sin⁡(𝜋/6) cos⁡(𝜋/6) 0 1
1 2007
(a) [ ]
0 1
(b) [1 √3/2]
0 2007
(c) [ √3/2 2007]
0 1
(d) [ √3/2 −1/2 ]
1 2007
11. A skew-symmetric matrix 𝑆 satisfies the relation 𝑆 2 + 𝐼 = 0, where I is a unit matrix, then SS T is
(a) I
(b) 2I
(c) −I
(d) −2I
12. If 𝐴 and 𝐵 are symmetric matrices of the same order and X = AB + BA and Y = AB − BA, then (XY)T is
equal to
(a) XY
(b) YX
(c) −𝑌𝑋
(d) None of these
13. If Z is an idempotent matrix, then (I + Z)𝑛
(a) 𝐼 + 2𝑛 𝑍 (b) 𝐼 + (2𝑛 − 1)𝑍 (c) 𝐼 − (2𝑛 − 1)𝑍 (d) None of these
0 −tan⁡ 𝜃/2 cos⁡ 𝜃 −sin⁡ 𝜃 1 0
14. Let 𝐴 = [ ] (𝜃 ≠ 𝑛𝜋), 𝐵 = [ ],𝐼 = [ ]
tan⁡ 𝜃/2 0 sin⁡ 𝜃 cos⁡ 𝜃 0 1
 Then the matrix 𝐼 + 𝐴 is equal to
(a) (𝐼 − 𝐴)𝐵 (b) (𝐼 − 𝐴)2 𝐵 (c) (𝐼 + 𝐴)2 𝐵 (d) (𝐼 − 𝐴)2
cos⁡ 𝛼 −sin⁡ 𝛼 0
15. Let 𝐹(𝛼) = [ sin⁡ 𝛼 cos⁡ 𝛼 0] where 𝛼 ∈ 𝐑. Then [𝐹(𝛼)]−1 is equal to
0 0 1
(a) F(−𝛼) (b) F(𝛼 −1 ) (c) F(2𝛼) (d) None of these

Exercise 4: Numeric Value Answer Questions

2 −2 −1 2
1. Let 𝐴 = ( ) and 𝐵 = ( ). Then the number of elements in the set {(𝑛, 𝑚): 𝑛, 𝑚 ∈ {1,2, … ,10}
1 −1 −1 2
and 𝑛𝐴𝑛 +
𝑚𝐵 𝑚 = 𝐼} is
−1 𝑎
2. Let S = {( ) , 𝑎, 𝑏 ∈ {1,2,3, … .100}} and let
0 𝑏
𝑇𝑛 = {𝐴 ∈ 𝑆: 𝐴𝑛(𝑛+1) = I}. Then the number of elements in ⋂100 𝑛=1 𝑇𝑛 is
2 −1 −1
√3𝑖−1
3. Let 𝐴 = (1 0 −1) and 𝐵 = 𝐴-I. If 𝜔 = 2 , then the number of elements in the set {𝑛 ∈
1 −1 0
{1,2 … ,100}: 𝐴𝑛 + (𝜔𝐵)𝑛 = 𝐴 + 𝐵} is equal to
1 𝑎 𝑎 1 48 2160
4. Let 𝐴 = [0 1 𝑏 ] , 𝑎, 𝑏 ∈ ℝ. If for some 𝑛 ∈ 𝑁. 𝐴n = [0 1 96 ] then n + a + b is equal to
0 0 1 0 0 1
0 −𝛼 49
5. Let 𝑀 = [ ], where 𝛼 is a non-zero real number an 𝑁 = ∑𝑘=1 𝑀2𝑘 . If (I − M 2 )N = −2I then the
𝛼 0
positive integral value of 𝛼 is
2
6. If A = [ 𝑎𝑏2 𝑏 ] and A𝑛 = 0, then the minimum value of 𝑛 is
−𝑎 −𝑎𝑏
1 −1 1 4 2 2
7. Let 𝐴 = (2 1 −3) and 10𝐵 = (−5 0 𝛼 ). If 𝐵 is the inverse of matrix 𝐴, then 𝛼 is
1 1 1 1 −2 3
8. The number of 3 × 3 matrices 𝑀 with entries from {0,1,2} for which the sum of the diagonal entries of
𝑀T M is 5 , are
1 0 0
q +q
9. Let 𝑃 = [3 1 0] and 𝑄 = [𝑞𝑖𝑗 ] be two 3 × 3 matrices such that Q − P 5 = I3 . Then 21q 31 is equal to
32
9 3 1
𝑥 1
10. If 𝐴 = [ ] and 𝐴2 is the unit matrix, then the value of 𝑥 3 + 𝑥 + 2 is equal to
1 0
11. The number of matrices of order 3 × 3, whose entries are either 0 or 1 and the sum of all the entries is a
prime number, is
1 −1 𝛽 1
12. Let 𝐴 = [ ] and 𝐵 = [ ] , 𝛼, 𝛽 ∈ 𝑅. Let 𝛼1 be the value of a which satisfies (𝐴 + 𝐵)2 = 𝐴2 +
2 𝛼 1 0
2 2
[ ] and 𝛼2 be the value of 𝛼 which satisfies (𝐴 + 𝐵)2 = 𝐵 2 . Then |𝛼1 − 𝛼2 | is equal to
2 2
1 2
13. If 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 − 5 I and 𝐴 = [ ], then the sum of all elements of 𝑓(A) is equal to
4 −3
14. Let A = [ cos⁡ 𝛼 − sin⁡ 𝛼 ] , (𝛼 ∈ R) such that A32 = [0 −1]. If the value of 𝛼 is 𝜋 , then the value
sin⁡ 𝛼 cos⁡ 𝛼 1 0 2𝑘
of 𝑘 is
 EXCERSISE- 1
1 (b) 12 (c) 23 (b) 34 (a) 45 (a) 56 (b) 67 (a) 78 (b) 89 (a)
2 (d) 13 (a) 24 (a) 35 (c) 46 (b) 57 (b) 68 (b) 79 (a) 90 (c)
3 (b) 14 (b) 25 (c) 36 (c) 47 (c) 58 (d) 69 (a) 80 (b) 91 (b)
4 (d) 15 (a) 26 (b) 37 (d) 48 (c) 59 (b) 70 (b) 81 (a) 92 (b)
5 (d) 16 (c) 27 (d) 38 (b) 49 (c) 60 (d) 71 (a) 82 (c) 93 (b)
6 (b) 17 (c) 28 (b) 39 (c) 50 (b) 61 (b) 72 (d) 83 (b) 94 (a)
7 (c) 18 (d) 29 (d) 40 (a) 51 (c) 62 (c) 73 (c) 84 (b) 95 (b)
8 (b) 19 (a) 30 (a) 41 (b) 52 (a) 63 (c) 74 (c) 85 (a)
9 (b) 20 (a) 31 (b) 42 (b) 53 (d) 64 (c) 75 (b) 86 (c)
10 (a) 21 (d) 32 (c) 43 (d) 54 (a) 65 (a) 76 (a) 87 (a)
11 (d) 22 (b) 33 (a) 44 (d) 55 (a) 66 (b) 77 (b) 88 (b)

EXCERSISE- 2
1 (a) 4 (d) 7 (a) 10 (d) 13 (d) 16 (c) 19 (d) 22 (50)
2 (d) 5 (d) 8 (b) 11 (a) 14 (d) 17 (c) 20 (910) 23 (d)
3 (b) 6 (d) 9 (c) 12 (a) 15 (a) 18 (b) 21 (d) 24 (d)

EXCERSISE- 3
1 (a) 3 (b) 5 (a) 7 (a) 9 (b) 11 (a) 13 (b) 15 (a)
2 (c) 4 (a) 6 (a) 8 (b) 10 (a) 12 (c) 14 (a)

EXCERSISE- 4
1 (1) 4 (24) 7 (5) 10 (5) 13 (20)
2 (100) 5 (1) 8 (198) 11 (282) 14 (6)
3 (17) 6 (2) 9 (10) 12 (2)
 HINTS AND SOLUTIONS
EXERCISE - 1
1. (b)
2. (d) We know that, if a matrix is of order 𝑚 × 𝑛, then it has mn elements. Thus, to find all possible orders of
a matrix with 8 elements, we will find all ordered pairs of natural numbers, whose product is 8 . Thus, all
possible ordered pair are (1,8), (8,1), (2,4), (4,2).
3. (b) There are in total 9 entries and each entry can be selected in exactly 2 ways. Hence, the total number of
all possible matrices of the given type is 29 .
4. (d) The given matrix 𝐴 = [𝑎𝑖𝑗 ] is a matrix of order 4 × 5, which is not a square matrix.
∴ The diagonal elements of 𝐴 do not exist.
4 −2 1 3
5. (d) The given matrix is A = [ 5 7 9 6 ].
21 15 18 −25
Here, 𝑎23 = 9 and 𝑎24 = 6 ∴ 𝑎23 + 𝑎24 = 15
Also, 15 lies in 3rd row and 2nd column.
∴ 15 = a32
(i+2j)2
6. (b) Here, aij = 2
(1+2×1)2 (1+2)2 9
∴ a11 = = 2 = 2,
2
(1 + 2 × 2)2 25
𝑎12 = =
2 2
(2+2×1) 2 (2+2×2)2
𝑎21 = = 8 and 𝑎 22 = = 18
2 2
𝑎11 𝑎12 9/2 25/2
So, the required matrix 𝐴 is [𝑎 ]=[ ]
21 𝑎22 8 18
7. (c) A3×4 is matrix having 3 rows and 4 columns
1
∴ 𝑎𝑖𝑗 = 2 (𝑖 + 𝑗)2 where 𝑖 varies from 1 to 3 and 𝑗 varies from 1 to 4 .
1 1 9
Thus 𝑎11 = 2 (1 + 1)2 = 2, 𝑎12 = 2 (1 + 2)2 = 2, etc.
We note that in the given options a22 is different in each. So we check for a22 .
1
We have, a22 = 2 (2 + 2)2 = 8
8. (b) If A is a 3 × 2 matrix, then A has 3 × 2 = 6 elements. Similarly, if B is a 3 × 3 matrix, then 𝐵 has
3 × 3 = 9 elements and C has 2 × 3 = 6 elements.
9. (b) Scalar matrix is a particular case of a diagonal matrix, where all the diagonal elements are same.
Thus, every diagonal matrix is not a scalar matrix. Identity matrix is a particular case of scalar matrix, since
all diagonal elements are same and have the value 1 .
By definition of scalar matrix, it is a diagonal matrix.
Null matrix is a matrix in which all elements are zero. Such a matrix can be of any order and any type.
10.
𝑥 + 3 𝑧 + 4 2𝑦 − 7 0 6 3𝑦 − 2
(a) Since [4𝑥 + 6 𝑎 − 1 0 ] = [ 2𝑥 −3 2𝑐 + 2 ]
𝑏−3 3𝑏 𝑧 + 2𝑐 2𝑏 + 4 −21 0
∴ x + 3 = 0 ⇒ x = −3; b − 3 = 2b + 4 ⇒ b = −7
z + 4 = 6 ⇒ z = 2; a − 1 = −3 ⇒ a = −2
 2y − 7 = 3y − 2 ⇒ y = −5; 2c + 2 = 0 ⇒ c = −1
∴ x = −3, y = −5, z = 2, a = −2, b = −7, c = −1
11. (d) A = [aij ] is a diagonal matrix iff all non-diagonal entries are 0 , i.e., aijs = 0 for i ≠ j.
n×n
12. (c) Since the corresponding elements of two equal matrices are equal, therefore
𝐴 = 𝐵 ⇒ 2𝑥 + 1 = 𝑥 + 3,3𝑦 = 𝑦 2 + 2 and 𝑦 2 − 5𝑦 = −6
Now, 2x + 1x + 3 ⇒ x = 2,
3𝑦 = 𝑦 2 + 2 ⇒ 𝑦 2 − 3𝑦 + 2 = 0 ⇒ 𝑦 = 1,2
and y 2 − 5y = −6 ⇒ y 2 − 5y + 6 = 0 ⇒ y = 2,3
since, 3y = y 2 + 2 and y 2 − 5y = −6
must hold good simultaneously so, we take the common solution of these two equations. Therefore 𝑦 = 2.
Hence, 𝐴 = 𝐵 if 𝑥 = 2, 𝑦 = 2
𝑥 + 𝑦 2𝑥 + 𝑧 4 7
13. (a) Since, [ ]=[ ]
𝑥 − 𝑦 2𝑧 + 𝑤 0 10
⇒x+y=4
x−y =0
2x + z = 7
and 2z + w = 10
On solving these equations, we get
x = 2, y = 2, z = 3, w = 4
14. (b) A diagonal matrix is said to be a scalar matrix, if its diagonal elements are equal.
15. (a) A square matrix 𝐵 = [𝑏𝑖𝑗 ]𝑛×𝑛 is said to be a scalar matrix, if 𝑏𝑖𝑗 = 0 when 𝑖 ≠ 𝑗
𝑏𝑖𝑗 = 𝑘 when 𝑖 = 𝑗, for some constant 𝑘
16. (c) Given:
x+y =5
𝑦+𝑧 =7
and 𝑥 + 𝑦 + 𝑧 = 9̇
Putting the value of 𝑥 + 𝑦 = 5 in equation (iii) we get 𝑧 = 9 − 5 = 4 So, 𝑦 = 7 − 4 = 3 and 𝑥 = 5 − 3 = 2
thus 𝑥 = 2, 𝑦 = 3 and 𝑧 = 4.
17. (c) A square matrix 𝐵 = [𝑏𝑖𝑗 ]m×m is said to be a diagonal matrix, if all its non-diagonal elements are zero,
that is a matrix 𝐵 = [𝑏𝑖𝑗 ]m×m is said to be a diagonal matrix if 𝑏𝑖𝑗 = 0, when 𝑖 ≠ 𝑗.
18. (d) Characteristic equation of matrix 𝐴
|A − 𝜇I| = 0
1−𝜇 2
| |=0
−2 −5 − 𝜇
⇒ 𝜇 2 + 4𝜇 = 1 ⇒ 𝐴2 + 4𝐴 = 𝐼
⇒ 2A2 + 8A = 2I
Given that 𝛼𝐴2 + 𝛽𝐴 = 2𝐼
Comparing equations (i) & (ii) we get
𝛼 = 2, 𝛽 = 8
∴ 𝛼 + 𝛽 = 10.
1 2 22
19. (a) 𝐴 = ( 1/2 1 2)
2
1/2 1/2 1
 1 2 4
2 1/2 1 2)
∵ 𝐴 = 3(
1/4 1/2 1
2
𝐴 = 3𝐴
Similarly,
𝐴3 = 32 𝐴
𝐴2 + 𝐴3 + ⋯ + 𝐴10
3(39 − 1)
3𝐴 + 32 𝐴 + ⋯ + 39 𝐴 = 𝐴
3−1
310 − 3
= 𝐴
2
(a) 2𝑎 + 𝑏 = 4
𝑎 − 2𝑏 = −3
5𝑐 − 𝑑 = 11
4𝑐 + 3𝑑 = 24
Solving equation (i), (ii), (iii) and (iv), we get
𝑎 = 1,
𝑏= 2,
𝑐= 3
𝑑=4
∴ 𝑎 + 𝑏 − 𝑐 + 2𝑑 = 8
1 0 1 0
21. (d) 𝐴 = [ ] ⇒ 𝐴2 = [ ]
0 1 0 1
22. (b) 3 × 5 (Two matrices can be added when both have same order).
0 2𝑘 0 3𝑎
23. (b) 𝑘𝐴 = [ ]=[ ]
3𝑘 −4𝑘 2𝑏 24
⇒ 𝑘 = −6, 𝑎 = −4 and 𝑏 = −9
24. (a) Associative law: For any three matrices A = [aij ], 𝐵 = [𝑏𝑖𝑗 ] and 𝐶 = [𝑐𝑖𝑗 ] of the same order, say 𝑚 × 𝑛,
(A + B) + C = A + (B + C).
Now, (𝐴 + 𝐵) + 𝐶 = ([𝑎𝑖𝑗 ] + [𝑏𝑖𝑗 ]) + [𝑐𝑖𝑗 ]
= [𝑎𝑖𝑗 + 𝑏𝑖𝑗 ] + [𝑐𝑖𝑗 ] = [(𝑎𝑖𝑗 + 𝑏𝑖𝑗 ) + 𝑐𝑖𝑗 ] = [𝑎𝑖𝑗 ] + [(𝑏𝑖𝑗 ) + (𝑐𝑖𝑗 )]
= [aij ] + ([bij ] + [cij ]) = A + (B + C)
0 𝑐 −𝑏 𝑎2 𝑎𝑏 𝑎𝑐
25. (c) AB = [−𝑐 0 𝑎 ] [𝑎𝑏 𝑏 2 𝑏𝑐 ]
𝑏 −𝑎 0 𝑎𝑐 𝑏𝑐 𝑐 2
𝑎𝑏𝑐 − 𝑎𝑏𝑐 𝑏2 𝑐 − 𝑏2𝑐 𝑏𝑐 2 − 𝑏𝑐 2
2 2
𝐴𝐵= [−𝑎 𝑐 + 𝑎 𝑐 −𝑎𝑏𝑐 + 𝑎𝑏𝑐 −𝑎𝑐 + 𝑎𝑐 ]
𝑎2 𝑏 − 𝑎2 𝑏 𝑎𝑏 2 − 𝑎𝑏 2 𝑎𝑏𝑐 − 𝑎𝑏𝑐
0 0 0
= [0 0 0] = 0
0 0 0
1 3 2 x
26. (b) We have [1 x 1] [0 5 1] [ 1 ] = 0
0 3 2 −2
𝑥
⇒ [1 5𝑥 + 6 𝑥 + 4] [ 1 ] = 0
−2
 1
⇒ 𝑥 + 5𝑥 + 6 − 2𝑥 − 8 = 0 ⇒ 4𝑥 − 2 = 0 ⇒ 𝑥 =
2
𝛼 0 1 0
27. (d) Given that 𝐴 = [ ] and 𝐵 = [ ]
1 1 5 1
and 𝐴2 = 𝐵
𝛼 0 𝛼 0 1 0
⇒[ ][ ]=[ ]
1 1 1 1 5 1
2
⇒[ 𝛼 0] = [1 0]
𝛼+1 1 5 1
⇒ 𝛼 2 = 1, 𝛼 + 1 = 5 ⇒ 𝛼 = ±1, 𝛼 = 4
∵ There is no common value
∴ There is no real value of 𝛼 for which 𝐴2 = 𝐵
1 0 0 1 0 0 1 .0 0
28. (b) A2 = [0 1 0] [0 1 0] = [0 1 0] = A
0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1
∴ A2 + 2A = A + 2A = 3A
29. (d) When a 3 × 2 matrix is post multiplied by a 2 × 3 matrix, the product is a 3 × 3 matrix.
30. (a)
𝑖 0 −𝑖 −𝑖 𝑖
31. (b) Since, 𝑃 = [ 0 −𝑖 𝑖 ] and 𝑄 = [ 0 0]
−𝑖 𝑖 0 𝑖 −𝑖
𝑖 0 −𝑖 −𝑖 𝑖
∴ 𝑃𝑄 = [ 0 −𝑖 𝑖 ] [ 0 0]
−𝑖 𝑖 0 𝑖 −𝑖
−i2 − i2 i2 + i2 1 + 1 −1 − 1 2 −2
=[ i 2 2
−i ] = [ −1 1 ] = [−1 1 ]
2 2 −1 1 −1 1
i −i
32. (c) (2A − 3B)C = D
1
4 1 0 2 0 −1 15 + 𝑥
⇒ (2 [ ] −3[ ]) [2] = [ ]
1 −2 2 3 1 𝑥 1
1
1
2 2 3 15 + 𝑥
⇒[ ] [2 ] = [ ]
−7 −7 4 − 3𝑥 1
1
9 15 + 𝑥
⇒[ ]=[ ] ⇒ 𝑥 = −6
−17 − 3𝑥 1
1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0
33. (a) A2 = [0 1 0 ] [0 1 0 ] = [0 1 0]
a b −1 a b −1 0 0 1
𝐴2 = 𝐴4 = 𝐴6 = 𝐼3 ⇒ 𝐴2 + 2𝐴4 + 4𝐴6
1 0 0 2 0 0 4 0 0
= [0 1 0] + [0 2 0] + [0 4 0] .
0 0 1 0 0 2 0 0 4
7 0 0
= [0 7 0] = 7𝐼3 = 7𝐴8
0 0 7
1 2 −1 1 0 0
34. (a) Since, 𝐴 = [3 0 2 ] and 𝐵 = [2 1 0]
4 5 0 0 1 3
 1 2 −1 1 0 0
∴ 𝐴𝐵 = [3 0 2 ] [2 1 0]
4 5 0 0 1 3
1+4+0 0+2−1 0+0−3 5 1 −3
=[ 3+0+0 0+0+2 0 + 0 + 6] = [ 3 2 6 ]
4 + 10 + 0 0 + 5 + 0 0+0+0 14 5 0
35. (c) We have, A2 = A
Now, (𝐼 + 𝐴)3 − 7𝐴 = 𝐼 3 + 𝐴3 + 3𝐴2 𝐼 + 3𝐴𝐼 2 − 7𝐴
= I + A2 A + 3A2 I + 3AI − 7A
= I + AA + 3A + 3A − 7A{ using (i) }
= I + A2 − A = I + A − A{ using (i) }
36. (c) 𝐴2 = 3𝐼
𝛼 2 + 𝛽𝑟 0 3 0
⇒[ ]=[ ] ⇒ 3 − 𝛼 2 − 𝛽𝑟 = 0
0 𝛽𝑟 + 𝛼 2 0 3
37. (d) Matrix product is shown below.
a p ax ay az p
[b] × [𝑥𝑦𝑧] × [q] = [ bx by bz] × [q]
c r cx cy cz r
a(xp + yq + zr) a
= [b(xp + yq + zr)] = (xp + yq + zr) [b]
c(xp + yq + zr) c
𝑎 𝑏
38. (b) Let 𝐴 = [ ], then
𝑏 𝑎
𝑎 𝑏 𝑎 𝑏 2 2
𝐴2 = [ ][ ] = [𝑎 + 𝑏 2𝑎𝑏 ]
𝑏 𝑎 𝑏 𝑎 2𝑎𝑏 𝑏 + 𝑎2
2
𝛼 𝛽
But given 𝐴2 = [ ] ∴ a2 + b2 = 𝛼 and 2ab = 𝛽
𝛽 𝛼
1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0
2
39. (c) We have 𝐴 = [0 1 0 ] [0 1 0 ] = [0 1 0] = 𝐼
1 𝑚 −1 1 𝑚 −1 0 0 1
40. (a) Since BA = B, ∴ (BA)B = BB = B2
⇒ 𝐵(𝐴𝐵) = 𝐵 2 ⇒ 𝐵𝐴 = 𝐵 2 (∵ 𝐴𝐵 = 𝐴)
⇒ 𝐵 = 𝐵 2 (∵ 𝐵𝐴 = 𝐵) Here, 𝐴16 = 𝐼
41. (b) 𝐴 is 2 × 3 matrix and 𝐵 is 3 × 2 matrix
∴ both 𝐴𝐵 and 𝐵𝐴 exist and 𝐴𝐵 is a 2 × 2 matrix, while 𝐵𝐴 is a 3 × 3 matrix ∴ AB ≠ BA
42. (b) Matrix multiplication is not commutative i.e. AB ≠ BA But it is associative i.e. (AB)C = A(BC)
cos⁡ 𝜃 sin⁡ 𝜃 sin⁡ 𝜃 −cos⁡ 𝜃
43. (d) cos⁡ 𝜃 [ ] + sin⁡ 𝜃 [ ]
−sin⁡ 𝜃 cos⁡ 𝜃 cos⁡ 𝜃 sin⁡ 𝜃
2
= [ cos ⁡ 𝜃 cos⁡ 𝜃sin⁡ 𝜃] + [ sin2 ⁡ 𝜃 −sin⁡ 𝜃cos⁡ 𝜃 ]
2
−cos⁡ 𝜃sin⁡ 𝜃 cos ⁡ 𝜃 sin⁡ 𝜃cos⁡ 𝜃 sin2 ⁡ 𝜃
2 2
=[ cos ⁡ 𝜃 + sin ⁡ 𝜃 cos⁡ 𝜃sin⁡ 𝜃 − sin⁡ 𝜃cos⁡ 𝜃]
−cos⁡ 𝜃sin⁡ 𝜃 + sin⁡ 𝜃cos⁡ 𝜃 cos2 ⁡ 𝜃 + sin2 ⁡ 𝜃
1 0
=[ ].
0 1
1 2
44. (d) Given: A = [ ]
4 −3
1 2 1 2
∴ 𝐴2 = 𝐴. 𝐴 = [ ][ ]
4 −3 4 −3
 1+8 2−6 9 −4
=[ ]=[ ]
4 − 12 8 + 9 −8 17
Now, 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 + 4𝑥 − 5 ∴ 𝑓(𝐴) = 𝐴2 + 4𝐴 − 5
2

= 𝐴2 + 4𝐴 − 5 ( 𝐼 is a 2 × 2 unit matrix)
9 −4 1 2 1 0
=[ ] + 4[ ] − 5[ ]
−8 17 4 −3 0 1
9 −4 4 8 −5 0
=[ ]+[ ]+[ ]
−8 17 16 −12 0 −5
8 4
=[ ]
8 0
45. (a)
cos⁡ 𝑠 sin⁡ 𝑠 cos⁡ 𝑡 sin⁡ 𝑡
𝑅(𝑠)𝑅(𝑡)= [ ]×[ ]
−sin⁡ 𝑠 cos⁡ 𝑠 −sin⁡ 𝑡 cos⁡ 𝑡
cos⁡ 𝑠cos⁡ 𝑡 − sin⁡ 𝑠sin⁡ 𝑡 cos⁡ 𝑠sin⁡ 𝑡 + sin⁡ 𝑠cos⁡ 𝑡
=[ ]
−sin⁡ 𝑠cos⁡ 𝑡 − cos⁡ 𝑠sin⁡ 𝑡 −sin⁡ 𝑠sin⁡ 𝑡 + cos⁡ 𝑠cos⁡ 𝑡
cos⁡(𝑠 + 𝑡) sin⁡(𝑠 + 𝑡)
=[ ] = 𝑅(𝑠 + 𝑡)
−sin⁡(𝑠 + 𝑡) cos⁡(𝑠 + 𝑡)
2 0 1 2 0 1
46. (b) A2 − 5A + 6I = [2 1 3] [2 1 3]
1 −1 0 1 −1 0
10 0 5 6 0 0
− [10 5 15] + [0 6 0]
5 −5 0 0 0 6
5 −1 2 10 0 5 6 0 0
= [9 −2 5 ] − [10 5 15] + [0 6 0]
0 −1 −2 5 −5 0 0 0 6
−5 −1 −3 6 0 0 1 −1 −3
= [−1 −7 −10] + [0 6 0] = [−1 −1 −10]
−5 4 −2 0 0 6 −5 4 4
0 2
47. (c) The given matrix is A = [ ]
3 −4
0 2 0 2k
Now, k 𝐴 = 𝑘 [ ]=[ ]
3 −4 3k −4k
0 3a
Also, it is given that kA = [ ]
2b 24
0 2𝑘 0 3𝑎
∴[ ]=[ ]
3𝑘 −4𝑘 2𝑏 24
On equating corresponding elements, we get 2k = 3a, 3k = 2b and −4k = 24
⇒ k = −6, a = −4, b = −9
0 c −b a2 ab ac
48. (c) AB = [−c 0 a ] [ab b2 bc]
b −a 0 ac bc c 2
𝑎𝑏𝑐 − 𝑎𝑏𝑐 𝑏2 𝑐 − 𝑏2𝑐 𝑏𝑐 2 − 𝑏𝑐 2
𝐴𝐵 = [−𝑎2 𝑐 + 𝑎2 𝑐 −𝑎𝑏𝑐 + 𝑎𝑏𝑐 −𝑎𝑐 + 𝑎𝑐 ]
𝑎2 𝑏 − 𝑎2 𝑏 𝑎𝑏 2 − 𝑎𝑏 2 𝑎𝑏𝑐 − 𝑎𝑏𝑐
0 0 0
= [0 0 0] = 0
0 0 0
49. (c)
 cos⁡ 𝛼 −sin⁡ 𝛼 0 cos⁡ 𝛽 −sin⁡ 𝛽 0
𝐹(𝛼). 𝐹(𝛽) = [ sin⁡ 𝛼 cos⁡ 𝛼 0] [ sin⁡ 𝛽 cos⁡ 𝛽 0]
0 0 1 0 0 1
cos⁡(𝛼 + 𝛽) −sin⁡(𝛼 + 𝛽) 0
𝐹(𝛼) ⋅ 𝐹(𝛽) = [ sin⁡(𝛼 + 𝛽) cos⁡(𝛼 + 𝛽) 0] = 𝐹(𝛼 + 𝛽)
0 0 1
1 2 3 −7 −8 −9
50. (b) Here, 𝑋 [ ]=[ ]
4 5 6 2 4 6
𝑎 𝑐
Let 𝑋 = [ ].
𝑏 𝑑
Therefore, we have
a c 1 2 3 −7 −8 −9
[ ][ ]=[ ]
b d 4 5 6 2 4 6
𝑎 + 4𝑐 2𝑎 + 5𝑐 3𝑎 + 6𝑐 −7 −8 −9
⇒[ ]=[ ]
𝑏 + 4𝑑 2𝑏 + 5𝑑 3𝑏 + 6𝑑 2 4 6
On equating the corresponding elements of the two matrices, we have
𝑎 + 4𝑐 = −7,2𝑎 + 5𝑐 = −83𝑎 + 6𝑐 = −9
𝑏 + 4𝑑 = 2,2𝑏 + 5𝑑 = 4,3𝑏 + 6𝑑 = 6
Now, 𝑎 + 4𝑐 = −7 ⇒ 𝑎 = −7 − 4𝑐
2a + 5c = −8 ⇒ −14 − 8c + 5c = −8
⇒ −3c = 6 ⇒ c = −2
∴ 𝑎 = −7 − 4(−2) = −7 + 8 = 1
Now, 𝑏 + 4𝑑 = 2 ⇒ 𝑏 = 2 − 4𝑑
2b + 5d = 4 and 4 − 8d + 5d = 4
⇒ −3𝑑 = 0 ⇒ 𝑑 = 0 ∴ 𝑏 = 2 − 4(0) = 2
Thus a = 1, b = 2, c = −2, d = 0
1 −2
Hence, the required matrix 𝑋 is [ ]
2 0
cos⁡ 𝜃 sin⁡ 𝜃 cos⁡ 𝜃 0
51. (c) Here [ ]=[ ]+
−sin⁡ 𝜃 cos⁡ 𝜃 0 cos⁡ 𝜃
0 sin⁡ 𝜃
[ ]
−sin⁡ 𝜃 0
1 0 0 1
= cos⁡ 𝜃 [ ] + sin⁡ 𝜃 [ ] = 𝐼cos⁡ 𝜃 + 𝐽sin⁡ 𝜃
0 1 −1 0
1 −2 1 0
52. (a) X = 5B − 3A = 5 [−2 2 ] − 3 [ 3 −1]
1 1 −5 2
5 −10 −3 0 2 −10
= [−10 10 ] + [−9 3 ] = [−19 13 ]
5 5 15 −6 20 −1
53. (d) (𝐴 + 𝐵)2 = 𝐴2 + 𝐵 2 ⇒ 𝐴𝐵 + 𝐵𝐴 = 0
1 −1 𝑥 1 𝑥 1 1 −1
⇒[ ][ ]+[ ][ ]=0
2 −1 𝑦 −1 𝑦 −1 2 −1
𝑥−𝑦 2 𝑥 + 2 −𝑥 − 1 0 0
⇒[ ]+[ ]=[ ]
2𝑥 − 𝑦 3 𝑦 − 2 −𝑦 + 1 0 0
⇒ 2x − y + 2 = 0
−x + 1 = 0
2x − 2 = 0.
−y + 4 = 0
 from (ii), 𝑥 = 1 and from (iv), 𝑦 = 4
Now, 𝑥 + 𝑦 = 1 + 4 = 5
54. (a) ∵ 2A + 6B = kX
3 2 1 9 6 29
∴ 2 [5 7] + 6 [0 3 ] = k [ 5 16]
8 9 4 10 20 39
6 4 6 54 6 29
or [10 14] + [ 0 18] = k [ 5 16]
16 18 24 60 20 39
12 58 6 29
or [10 32] = 𝑘 [ 5 16]
40 78 20 39
6 29 6 29
or 2 [ 5 16] = k [ 5 16] ∴ k = 2
20 39 20 39
𝑥 𝑦 1 2 23 34
55. (a) ∵ [ ][ ]=[ ]
2 4 3 4 14 20
𝑥 + 3𝑦 2𝑥 + 4𝑦 23 34
∴[ ]=[ ]
2 + 12 4 + 16 14 20
∴ x + 3y = 23
2𝑥 + 4𝑦 = 34
On solving eqs. (i) and (ii), we get y = 6.
2𝑥 10 3 −4 7 6
56. (b) [ ]+[ ]=[ ]
14 2𝑦 − 6 1 2 𝑧 14
(2𝑥 + 3) (10 − 4) 7 6
[ ]=[ ]
(14 + 1) (2𝑦 − 6 + 2) 𝑧 14
⇒ (2𝑥 + 3) = 7 2𝑦 − 4 = 14 ⇒ 𝑥 = 2, 𝑦 = 9 and 𝑧 = 15
1 𝜔 𝜔2 k 1 1 0 0 0 𝑘 + 𝜔 + 𝜔2 1 + 𝜔 + 𝜔2 1 + 𝜔 + 𝜔2
57. (b) [ 𝜔 𝜔 2
1 ] [1 1 1] = [0 0 0] ⇒ [𝑘𝜔 + 𝜔 + 1 𝜔 + 𝜔2 + 1 𝜔 + 𝜔2 + 1] =
2

𝜔2 1 𝜔 1 1 1 0 0 0 𝑘𝜔2 + 1 + 𝜔 𝜔2 + 1 + 𝜔 𝜔2 + 1 + 𝜔
0 0 0 1+𝜔+𝜔 +𝑘−1 2
0 0 0 0 0 k−1 0 0 0 0 0
2
[0 0 0] ⇒ [ 1 + 𝜔 + 𝜔 + 𝑘𝜔 − 𝜔 0 0] = [0 0 0] ⇒ [ (k − 1)𝜔 0 0 ] = [0 0 0 ]
0 0 0 1 + 𝜔 + 𝜔2 + 𝑘𝜔2 − 𝜔2 0 0 0 0 0 (k − 1)𝜔2 0 0 0 0 0
Which gives 𝑘 − 1 = 0, or 𝑘 = 1
58. (d) Given (𝐴 + 𝐵)2 = 𝐴2 + 𝐵 2 + 2𝐴𝐵
⇒ (A + B)(A + B) = A2 + B2 + 2AB
⇒ A2 + AB + BA + B2 = A2 + B2 + 2AB ⇒ BA = AB
𝑎 1 1 −1 1 −1 𝑎 1
⇒[ ][ ]=[ ][ ]
𝑏 −1 2 1 2 1 𝑏 −1
𝑎 + 2 −𝑎 + 1 𝑎−𝑏 1+1
⇒[ ]=[ ]
𝑏 − 2 −𝑏 − 1 2𝑎 + 𝑏 2 − 1
𝑎 + 2 −𝑎 + 1 𝑎−𝑏 2
⇒[ ]=[ ]
𝑏 − 2 −𝑏 − 1 2𝑎 + 𝑏 1
The corresponding elements of equal matrices are equal.
𝑎 + 2 = 𝑎 − 𝑏, −𝑎 + 1 = 2 ⇒ 𝑎 = −1
𝑏 − 2 = 2𝑎 + 𝑏, −𝑏 − 1 = 1 ⇒ 𝑏 = −2
⇒ a = −1, b = −2
 5 2 3 6
59. (b) (X + Y) + (X − Y) = [ ]+[ ]
0 9 0 −1
8 8
(𝑋 + 𝑌) + (𝑋 − 𝑌) = [ ]
0 8
8 8
⇒ 2𝑋 = [ ]
0 8
1 8 8 4 4 5 2 3 6
⇒X= [ ]=[ ] (𝑋 + 𝑌) − (𝑋 − 𝑌) = [ ]−[ ]
2 0 8 0 4 0 9 0 −1
2 −4 1 2 −4 1 −2
⇒ 2𝑌 = [ ]⇒𝑌= [ ]=[ ]
0 10 2 0 10 0 5
𝛼 0 𝛼 0 2
60. (d) 𝐴2 = [ ][ ]=[ 𝛼 0]
1 1 1 1 𝛼+1 1
1 0 1 0 1 0
61. (b) We have, 𝐴2 = [ ][ ]=[ ]
−1 7 −1 7 −8 49
1 0 1 0
and 8A + kI = 8 [ ] + k[ ]
−1 7 0 1
8 0 k 0 8+k 0
=[ ]+[ ]=[ ]
−8 56 0 k −8 56 + k
1 0 8+𝑘 0
Thus, 𝐴2 = 8𝐴 + 𝑘𝐼 ⇒ [ ]=[ ]
−8 49 −8 56 + 𝑘
⇒ 1 = 8 + k and 56 + k = 49 ⇒ k = −7
62. (c)
1 0 0 −tan⁡(𝜃/2)
63. (c) I − P = [ ]−[ ]
0 1 tan⁡(𝜃/2) 0
1 tan⁡(𝜃/2)
=[ ]
−tan⁡(𝜃/2) 1
cos⁡ 𝜃 −sin⁡ 𝜃
∴ (I − P) [ ]
sin⁡ 𝜃 cos⁡ 𝜃
1 tan⁡(𝜃/2) cos⁡ 𝜃 −sin⁡ 𝜃
=[ ]⋅[ ]
−tan⁡ 𝜃/2 1 sin⁡ 𝜃 cos⁡ 𝜃
cos⁡ 𝜃 + tan⁡(𝜃/2)sin⁡ 𝜃 −sin⁡ 𝜃 + tan⁡(𝜃/2)cos⁡ 𝜃
=[ ]
−tan⁡(𝜃/2)cos⁡ 𝜃 + sin⁡ 𝜃 tan⁡(𝜃/2)sin⁡ 𝜃 + cos⁡ 𝜃
1 − 2sin2 ⁡(𝜃/2) −2sin⁡(𝜃/2)cos⁡(𝜃/2)
2
+2sin ⁡(𝜃/2) +tan⁡(𝜃/2)(2cos 2 ⁡(𝜃/2) − 1)
=
−tan⁡(𝜃/2)(2cos2 ⁡ 𝜃/2 − 1) tan⁡(𝜃/2)(2sin⁡(𝜃/2)cos⁡(𝜃/2))
[ +2sin⁡(𝜃/2)cos⁡(𝜃/2) +(1 − 2sin2 ⁡(𝜃/2)) ]
1 −tan⁡(𝜃/2)
=[ ]=𝐼+𝑃
tan⁡ 𝜃/2 1
𝑥2 𝑥 𝑥 2 − 3𝑥 −2
64. (c) [ 2 ] − 3 [2𝑦] = [ 2 ]=[ ]
𝑦 𝑦 − 6𝑦 −9
2
Now equating the elements 𝑥 − 3𝑥 = −2 on solving this 𝑥 = 1,2
And 𝑦 2 − 6𝑦 = −9 on solving this 𝑦 = 3
65. (a)
(b) We have
2
𝐴2 = [
𝛼 0 𝛼 0
][ ]=[ 𝛼 0] = [9 𝑎]
1 1 1 1 𝛼+1 1 𝑏 𝑐
⇒ we get 𝛼 2 = 9 ⇒ 𝛼 = ±3
and 𝑎 = 0, 𝑐 = 1, 𝑏 = 𝛼 + 1 = 3 + 1 = 4 or 𝑏 = −3⌟ = −2
 So a + b + c = (0 + 4 + 1) = 5 or (0 − 2 + 1) = −1
0 −𝑡 𝛼
67. (a) Here, 𝐴 = [ ], where 𝑡 = tan⁡ ( 2 )
𝑡 0
𝛼
1−tan2 ⁡( ) 1−t2
2
Now, cos⁡ 𝛼 = 𝛼 = 1+t2
1+tan2 ⁡( )
2
𝛼
2tan⁡( ) 2t
2
and sin⁡ 𝛼 = 𝛼= 1+t2
1+tan2 ⁡( )
2
cos⁡ 𝛼 −sin⁡ 𝛼
= (I − A) [ ]
sin⁡ 𝛼 cos⁡ 𝛼
1 − t 2 −2t
1 0 0 −t 1 + t 2 1 + t 2
= ([ ]−[ ])
0 1 +t 0 2t 1 − t2
[1 + t 2 1 + t 2 ]
2
1−𝑡 −2𝑡
1 𝑡 1+𝑡 2 1 + 𝑡2
=[ ]
−𝑡 1 2𝑡 1 − 𝑡2
[1 + 𝑡 2 1 + 𝑡 2 ]
1 − 𝑡 + 2𝑡 2
2
−2𝑡 + 𝑡(1 − 𝑡 2 )
= 1 + 𝑡2 1 + 𝑡2
−𝑡(1 − 𝑡 2 ) + 2𝑡 2𝑡 2 + 1 − 𝑡 2
[ 1 + 𝑡2 1 + 𝑡2 ]
1 + 𝑡2 −2𝑡 + 𝑡 − 𝑡 3 1 + 𝑡2 −𝑡(1 + 𝑡 2 )
= 1 + 𝑡2 1 + 𝑡2 = 1 + 𝑡2 1 + 𝑡2 =[
1 −𝑡
]
3 2 2 2) 2 𝑡 1
−𝑡 + 𝑡 + 2𝑡 2𝑡 + 1 − 𝑡 𝑡(1 + 𝑡 1+𝑡
[ 1+𝑡 2 1+𝑡 2 ] [ 1+𝑡 2 1+𝑡 2 ]
1 0 0 −𝑡
Also, 𝐼 + 𝐴 = [ ]+[ ]
0 1 𝑡 0
0 + 1 −𝑡 + 0 1 −𝑡 cos⁡ 𝛼 −sin⁡ 𝛼
=[ ]=[ ] = (𝐼 − 𝐴) [ ]
𝑡+0 0+1 𝑡 1 sin⁡ 𝛼 cos⁡ 𝛼
2 0 7 −𝑥 14𝑥 7𝑥
68. (b) We have [0 1 0] ⋅ [ 0 1 0 ]
1 −2 1 𝑥 −4𝑥 −2𝑥
5𝑥 0 0 1 0 0
=[0 1 0 ] = [0 1 0]
0 10𝑥 − 2 5𝑥 0 0 1
⇒ x = 1/5
1 0 𝛼 𝛽 𝛼 𝛽
69. (a) We have, [ ]=[ ][ ]
0 1 𝛾 𝛿 𝛾 𝛿
𝛼 2 + 𝛽𝛾 𝛼𝛽 + 𝛽𝛿
=[ ]
𝛼𝛾 + 𝛿𝛾 𝛽𝛾 + 𝛿 2
⇒ 𝛼 2 + 𝛽𝛾 = 1, 𝛽(𝛼 + 𝛿) = 0, 𝛾(𝛼 + 𝛿) = 0, 𝛽𝛾 + 𝛿 2 = 1
⇒ 𝛽 = 0 = 𝛾, 𝛼 ≠ −𝛿 and 𝛼 2 = 𝛿 2 ⇒ 𝛿 = 𝛼
70. (b) 𝐴 + 𝐵 is defined ⇒ 𝐴 and 𝐵 are of same order.
Also 𝐴𝐵 is defined ⇒
Number of columns in 𝐴 = Number of rows in 𝐵
 Obviously, both simultaneously mean that the matrices 𝐴 and 𝐵 are square matrices of same order.
71. (a) Here,
2
𝐴2 = [
𝛼 0
]×[
𝛼 0
]=[ 𝛼 0] = [1 0].
1 1 1 1 𝛼+1 1 5 1
No value of 𝛼 satisfies this.
72. (d) Let matrix 𝐵 is of order 𝑝 × 𝑞.
∴ matrix 𝐵 ′ is of order 𝑞 × 𝑝.
matrix 𝐴 is of order 𝑚 × 𝑛
Since, 𝐴𝐵 ′ is defined
∴ number of columns of 𝐴 = number of rows of 𝐵 ′
⇒n=q
Also, 𝐵 ′ 𝐴 is defined
∴ number of column of 𝐵 ′ = number of rows of 𝐴
⇒p=m
Hence, 𝐵 is of order 𝑝 × 𝑞 i.e 𝑚 × 𝑛
73. (c) Given that, 𝐴 and 𝐵 are 2 × 2 matrices.
∴ (A − B) × (A + B) = A × A + A × B − B × A − B × B
= A2 − B2 + AB − BA
⇒ (𝐴 − 𝐵)(𝐴 + 𝐵) = 𝐴2 + 𝐴𝐵 − 𝐵𝐴 + 𝐵 2
2
74. (c) AB = [ cos ⁡ 𝜃
2
sin⁡ 𝜃cos⁡ 𝜃 ] [ cos ⁡ 𝜙 sin⁡ 𝜙cos⁡ 𝜙
]
cos⁡ 𝜃sin⁡ 𝜃 2
sin ⁡ 𝜃 cos⁡ 𝜙sin⁡ 𝜙 sin2 ⁡ 𝜙
cos2 ⁡ 𝜃cos2 ⁡ 𝜙 + sin⁡ 𝜃cos⁡ 𝜙cos⁡ 𝜙sin⁡ 𝜙
=[
cos 2 ⁡ 𝜙cos⁡ 𝜃sin⁡ 𝜃 + sin2 ⁡ 𝜃sin⁡ 𝜙cos⁡ 𝜙
cos2 ⁡ 𝜃sin⁡ 𝜙cos⁡ 𝜙 + sin2 ⁡ 𝜙sin⁡ 𝜃cos⁡ 𝜃
]
cos⁡ 𝜃sin⁡ 𝜃sin⁡ 𝜙cos⁡ 𝜙 + sin2 ⁡ 𝜃sin2 ⁡ 𝜙
cos⁡ 𝜃cos⁡ 𝜙cos⁡(𝜃 − 𝜙) sin⁡ 𝜙cos⁡ 𝜃cos⁡(𝜃 − 𝜙)
=[ ]
sin⁡ 𝜃cos⁡ 𝜙cos⁡(𝜃 − 𝜙) sin⁡ 𝜃sin⁡ 𝜙cos⁡(𝜃 − 𝜙)
∵ AB = O
𝜋
⇒ cos⁡(𝜃 − 𝜙) = 0 ⇒ cos⁡(𝜃 − 𝜙) = cos⁡(2𝑛 + 1)
𝜋
2
⇒ 𝜃 = (2n + 1) 2 + 𝜙, where n = 0,1,2, …..
75. (b) We have
cos⁡ 𝑥 −sin⁡ 𝑥 cos⁡ 𝑥 sin⁡ 𝑥
𝐴=[ ] ∴ 𝐴𝑇 = [ ]
sin⁡ 𝑥 cos⁡ 𝑥 −sin⁡ 𝑥 cos⁡ 𝑥
cos⁡ 𝑥 −sin⁡ 𝑥 cos⁡ 𝑥 sin⁡ 𝑥
Now 𝐴𝐴𝑇 = [ ][ ]
sin⁡ 𝑥 cos⁡ 𝑥 −sin⁡ 𝑥 cos⁡ 𝑥
=[ cos2 ⁡ 𝑥 + sin2 ⁡ 𝑥 cos⁡ 𝑥sin⁡ 𝑥 − sin⁡ 𝑥cos⁡ 𝑥]
sin⁡ 𝑥cos⁡ 𝑥 − cos⁡ 𝑥sin⁡ 𝑥 sin2 ⁡ 𝑥 + cos2 ⁡ 𝑥
1 0
=[ ] = 𝐼2
0 1
1 1 −1 2 1
(a) A = [−4] , AB = [−4] [−1 2] = [ 4 −8 −4]
3 3 −3 6 3
−1 4 −3
∴ (𝐴𝐵)′ = [ 2 −8 6 ]
1 −4 3
77. (b) Let 𝐴 = 𝐴𝑇 and 𝐵 = 𝐵 𝑇
Consider (𝐴𝐵𝐴)𝑇 = 𝐴𝑇 𝐵 𝑇 𝐴𝑇 = 𝐴𝐵𝐴
78. (b) we have
1 2 2 1 2 𝑎
𝐴 = [2 1 −2] ⇒ 𝐴𝑇 = [2 1 2] ∵ AAT = 9I3
𝑎 2 𝑏 2 −2 𝑏
1 2 2 1 2 a 1 0 0
⇒ [2 1 −2] [2 1 2] = 9 [0 1 0]
a 2 b 2 −2 b 0 0 1
9 0 𝑎 + 2𝑏 + 4 9 0 0
⇒[ 0 9 2𝑎 + 2 − 2𝑏 ] = [ 0 9 0]
2 2
𝑎 + 2𝑏 + 4 2𝑎 + 2 − 2𝑏 𝑎 + 4 + 𝑏 0 0 9
𝑎 + 2𝑏 + 4 = 0 and 2𝑎 + 2 − 2𝑏 = 0 ⇒ 𝑎 − 𝑏 = −1
on solying these, we get, 𝑎 = −2 and 𝑏 = −1
79. (a) It is obvious.
cos⁡ 𝛼 −sin⁡ 𝛼 cos⁡ 𝛼 sin⁡ 𝛼
80. (b) A = [ ] , A′ = [ ]
sin⁡ 𝛼 cos⁡ 𝛼 −sin⁡ 𝛼 cos⁡ 𝛼
cos⁡ 𝛼 + cos⁡ 𝛼 −sin⁡ 𝛼 + sin⁡ 𝛼
𝐴 + 𝐴′ = [ ]
sin⁡ 𝛼 − sin⁡ 𝛼 cos⁡ 𝛼 + cos⁡ 𝛼
2cos⁡ 𝛼 0 1 0
=[ ]=𝐼=[ ] (given)
0 2cos⁡ 𝛼 0 1
1 𝜋
⇒ 2cos⁡ 𝛼 = 1, ⇒ cos⁡ 𝛼 = 2 ∴ 𝛼 = 3 .
81. (a) If 𝐴 = [𝑎𝑖𝑗 ]𝑚×𝑛 , then 𝐴′ = [𝑎𝑗𝑖 ]𝑛×𝑚
82. (c) Given that 𝐴 is symmetric matrix ⇒ 𝐴𝑇 = 𝐴, 𝐵 is skew symmetric
⇒ BT = −B
(A) C = A4 − B4
𝐶 𝑇 = (𝐴4 − 𝐵 4 )𝑇 = (𝐴4 )𝑇 − (𝐵 4 )𝑇 = 𝐴4 − 𝐵 4 = Csymmetric
(B) C = AB − BA
𝐶 𝑇 = (𝐴𝐵 − 𝐵𝐴)𝑇 = (𝐴𝐵)𝑇 − (𝐵𝐴)𝑇
= BT AT − AT BT = −BA + AB = C symmetric
(C) C = B5 − A5
𝐶 𝑇 = (𝐵5 − 𝐴5 )𝑇 = (𝐵 5 )𝑇 − (𝐴5 )𝑇 = −𝐵 5 − 𝐴5
(D) C = AB + BA
𝐶 𝑇 = (𝐴𝐵 + 𝐵𝐴)𝑇 = (𝐴𝐵)𝑇 + (𝐵𝐴)𝑇
= −BA − AB = −C( Skew Symmetric)
∴ Option (c) is not true.
83. (b) We have, (𝐴𝐴𝑇 )𝑇 = (𝐴𝑇 )𝑇 𝐴𝑇 = 𝐴𝐴𝑇
∴ 𝐴𝐴T is a symmetric matrix.
84. (b)
0 −2 3 0 2 −3
(b) 𝐴𝑇 = [ 2 0 1 ] = − [ −2 0 −1] = −𝐴
−3 −1 0 3 1 0
Since 𝐴𝑇 = −𝐴, therefore, 𝐴 is a skew symmetric matrix.
85. (a) Each diagonal entry of a skew symmetric matrix is 0 .
As for a skew symmetric matrix
 𝐴 = [𝑎𝑖𝑗 ]𝑛×𝑛 ; 𝑎𝑖𝑗 = −𝑎𝑗𝑖
⇒ 𝑎𝑖𝑖 = −𝑎𝑖𝑖 for 𝑗 = 𝑖 ⇒ 𝑎𝑖𝑖 = 0
3 −4 A+A′ A−A′
86. (c) A = [ ];A = ( 2 )+ ( 2 )
1 −1
[where B and C are symmetric and skew-symmetric matrices respectively]
𝐴−𝐴′ 1 3 −4 3 1
Now, 𝐶 = 2 = 2 {[ ][ ]}
1 −1 −4 −1
1 0 −5 0 −5/2
= [ ]=[ ]
2 5 0 5/2 0
87. (a) Given matrix is
0 −2
𝐴=[ ]
2 0
0 −2 0 −2 −4 0
𝐴2 = [ ][ ]=[ ] = −4𝐼
2 0 2 0 0 −4
A3 = −4A
𝐴4 = (−4𝐼)(−4𝐼) = (−4)2 𝐼
A5 = (−4)2 A, A6 = (−4)3 I
Take, 𝑀 = ∑10 𝑘=1 𝐴
2𝑘
= 𝐴2 + 𝐴4 + ⋯ . +𝐴20
= [−4 + (−4) + (−4)3 + ⋯ . +(−4)10 ]I
2

It is G.P. with 𝑎 = −4, 𝑟 = −4 and 𝑛 = 10.

(−4)
S10 = (2)10 − 1) I
5
⇒ M is symmetric matrix
N = ∑10 k=1 A
2k−1
= A + A3 + ⋯ . +A19
= A[1 + (−4) + (−4)2 + ⋯ + (−4)9 ]
𝐴[(2)20 −1)]
Similarly, 𝑁 = 𝐴[1(−4)10 − 1)/(−4 − 1)] = 5
So, N is skew symmetric matrix
⇒ N2 is symmetric matrix
Therefore MN2 is non-identity symmetric matrix.
88. (b) Let A = [aij ] . Since A is skew-symmetric aii = 0
n×m
(𝑖 = 1,2, … … , 𝑛) and 𝑎𝑗𝑖 = −𝑎𝑗𝑖 (𝑖 ≠ 𝑗)
Also, 𝐴 is symmetric so aji = aji ∀i and j
∴ aji = 𝟎 ∀i ≠ j
Hence aij = 0 ∀i and j ⇒ A is a null zero matrix
1 𝜔2 𝜔 1 𝜔2 𝜔
2 T
89. (a) A = [𝜔 𝜔 1 ] ; A = [𝜔 2 𝜔 1]=A
2
𝜔 1 𝜔 𝜔 1 𝜔2
T
∴ A = A. Hence, A is symmetric matrix.
90. (c) Here, X is n × 1, C is n × n and X ′ is 1 × n Hence, 𝑋 ′ 𝐶𝑋 is 1 × 1 matrix. Let 𝑋 ′ 𝐶𝑋 = 𝑘.
Then,
(X ′ CX)′ = X ′ C′ X ′ = X ′ C′ X ′ = X ′ (−C)X = −X ′ CX = k ⇒ k = −k ⇒ k = 0
′
⇒ X CX is null matrix.
91. (b) 𝐴 + 𝐴𝑇 is a square matrix.
(𝐴 + 𝐴𝑇 )𝑇 = 𝐴𝑇 + (𝐴𝑇 )𝑇 = 𝐴𝑇 + 𝐴
 Hence, 𝐴 is a symmetric matrix.
92. (b) (𝐴 − 𝐴𝑇 )𝑇 = 𝐴𝑇 − (𝐴𝑇 )𝑇 = 𝐴𝑇 − 𝐴 = −(𝐴 − 𝐴𝑇 )
Hence, (𝐴 − 𝐴𝑇 ) is skew-symmetric.
1 2
93. (b) After applying 𝑅2 → 𝑅2 − 2𝑅1 to 𝐶 = [ ], we get
2 −1
1 2
[ ] (first multiply all elements of 𝑅1 by 2 and then subtract these elements from 𝑅2 )
0 −5
94. (a) In order to apply a sequence of elementary column operations on the matrix equation 𝑋 = 𝐴𝐵, we will
apply these operations simultaneously on X and on the second matrix 𝐵 of the product 𝐴𝐵 on RHS.
4 3
95. (b) We have A = [ ]
1 5
On applying 𝑅2 → 𝑅2 − 3𝑅1
4 3 4 3
we get [ ]=[ ]
1−3×4 5−3×3 −11 −4
∴ n=3
EXERCISE - 2
1. (a) Since, number of rows = number of columns = 3
0 0 4
Hence, the matrix 𝑃 = [0 4 0] is a square matrix.
4 0 0
2. (d) Since, total number of possible matrices of order 3 × 3 with each entry 2 or 0 = (1 + 1)9 = 29 = 512
3. (b) Here, 4𝑥 = 𝑥 + 6
⇒ 𝑥 = 2 [By comparison of matrices]
and 4𝑥 = 7𝑦 − 13 ⇒ 8 = 7𝑦 − 13 ⇒ 𝑦 = 3
𝑥
1
sin−1 ⁡ 𝑥𝜋 tan−1 ⁡ 𝜋
4. (d) Since, 𝐴 = 𝜋 [ −1 𝑥 ]
sin ⁡ 𝜋 cot −1 ⁡ 𝜋𝑥
𝑥
1
−cos−1 ⁡ 𝑥𝜋 tan−1 ⁡ 𝜋
and 𝐵 = 𝜋 [ 𝑥 ]
sin−1 ⁡ 𝜋 −tan−1 ⁡ 𝜋𝑥
𝑥 𝑥 𝜋
1
sin−1 ⁡ 𝑥𝜋 + cos −1 ⁡ 𝑥𝜋 tan−1 ⁡ 𝜋 − tan−1 ⁡ 𝜋 1 2
0 1 1 0 1
So, 𝐴 − 𝐵 = 𝜋 [ 𝑥 𝑥 ]= [ 𝜋] = 2 [ ] = 2𝐼
sin−1 ⁡ 𝜋
− sin−1 ⁡ 𝜋 −1
cot ⁡ 𝜋𝑥 + tan ⁡ 𝜋𝑥 −1 𝜋 0 0 1
2
5. (d) As, 𝑚 = 𝑛, so 𝐴 and 𝐵 are of same orders 3 × 𝑛 Hence, the order of matrix (5𝐴 − 2𝐵) is same as 3 × 𝑛
0 1 0 1 1 0
(d) 𝐴2 = [ ]⋅[ ]=[ ]
1 0 1 0 0 1
0 1 0 1 0 1
7. (a) Since, 𝐴 = [𝑎𝑖𝑗 ] , where 𝑎𝑖𝑗 = 1, if 𝑖 ≠ 𝑗 and 0 if 𝑖 = 𝑗 So, 𝐴 = [ ]. Hence 𝐴2 = [ ][ ]=
2×2 1 0 1 0 1 0
1 0
[ ]=𝐼
0 1
1 0 0
8. (b) Suppose, 𝐴 = [0 2 0].
0 0 4
1 0 0
∴ 𝐴′ = [0 2 0] = 𝐴
0 0 4
Hence, the given matrix A is a symmetric matrix.
 0 −5 8
9. (c) Suppose, 𝐴 = [ 5 0 12]
−8 −12 0
0 5 −8 0 −5 8
Here, 𝐴′ = [−5 0 −12] = − [ 5 0 12] = −𝐴
8 12 0 −8 −12 0
Hence, the given matrix 𝐴 is a skew-symmetric matrix.
10. (d) Since, 𝐴 is matrix of order 𝑚 × 𝑛
Suppose 𝐵 is matrix of order 𝑟 × 𝑠
So 𝐵 ′ is matrix of order 𝑠 × 𝑟
As, 𝐴𝐵 ′ is defined, so 𝑛 = 𝑠
and 𝐵 ′ 𝐴 is defined, so 𝑟 = 𝑚
Hence, order of 𝐵 = 𝑚 × 𝑛
11. (a) (AB′ − BA′ )′ = (AB′ )′ − (BA′ )′
= (B′ )′ A′ − (A′ )′ B′ = BA′ − AB′ = −(AB′ − BA′ )
Hence, (𝐴𝐵 ′ − 𝐵𝐴′ ) is a skew-symmetric matrix.
12. (a) A2 = I
Now, (𝐴 − 𝐼)3 + (𝐴 + 1)3 − 7𝐴
= 𝐴3 − 𝐼 3 − 3𝐴2 𝐼 + 3𝐴𝐼 2 + 𝐴3 + 𝑃3 + 3𝐴2 𝐼 + 3𝐴𝐼 2 − 7𝐴
= 2A3 + 6AI2 − 7A = 2A2 A + 6AI − 7A
= 2𝐼𝐴 + 6𝐴 − 7𝐴 = 2𝐴 + 6𝐴 − 7𝐴 = 𝐴 [∵ 𝐴2 = 𝐼]
13. (d)
1 −3 1 −1 3 1
14. (d) Since, [ ]=[ ][ ]
2 4 0 1 2 4
On using elementary column operation 𝐶2 → 𝐶2 − 2𝐶1 ,
1 −5 1 −1 3 −5
[ ]=[ ][ ]
2 0 0 1 2 0
4 2 1 2 2 0
15. (a) Since, [ ]=[ ][ ]
3 3 0 3 1 1
On using elementary row operation 𝑅1 → 𝑅1 − 3𝑅2 ,
−5 −7 1 −7 2 0
[ ]=[ ][ ]
3 3 0 3 1 1
√3 1 √3 −1
2 2
16. (c) 𝑃 = [ ]𝑃 = [ 2 2 ]
𝑇
1 √3 1 √3
−2 2 2 2
𝑃𝑃 = 𝑃𝑇 𝑃 = I, Q
𝑇 2015
= (𝑃𝐴𝑃𝑇 )(𝑃𝐴𝑃𝑇 )
(2015 terms)
= 𝑃𝐴2015 𝑃𝑇 ⇒ 𝑃𝑇 𝑄 2015 𝑃 = 𝐴2015
1 1 1 1 1 2
𝐴2 = [ ][ ]=[ ]
0 1 0 1 0 1
1 2 1 1 1 3
𝐴3 = [ ][ ]=[ ]
0 1 0 1 0 1
1 2015
∴ 𝐴2015 = [ ]
0 1
2 −3 16 −9
17. (c) We have 𝐴 = [ ] ⇒ 𝐴2 = [ ]
−4 1 −12 13
48 −27 24 −36
⇒ 3𝐴2 = [ ] Also 12𝐴 = [ ]
−36 39 −48 12
 48 −27 24 −36 72 −63
∴ 3𝐴2 + 12𝐴 = [ ]+[ ]=[ ]
−36 39 −48 12 −84 51
51 63
adj⁡(3𝐴2 + 12𝐴) = [ ]
84 72
18. (b)
1 1 1 2 1 3 1 4 1 𝑛−1 1 78
(b) [ ][ ][ ][ ]⋯[ ]=[ ]
0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1
1 1 + 2 + 3 + ⋯ + (𝑛 − 1) 1 78
⇒[ ]=[ ]
0 1 0 1
(𝑛 − 1)𝑛
⇒ = 78pn2 − n − 15 = 0
2
⇒ n = 13
1 𝑛 1 13
Now, the matrix [ ]=[ ]
0 1 0 1
1 13 1 −13
Then, the required inverse of [ ]=[ ]
0 1 0 1
19. (d) Solution of 𝑥 2 + 𝑥 + 1 = 0 is 𝜔, 𝜔2 So, 𝛼 = 𝜔 and 𝜔4 = 𝜔3 . 𝜔 = 1. 𝜔 = 𝜔
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0
𝐴2 = [1 𝜔 𝜔2 ] [1 𝜔 𝜔2 ] = [0 0 1]
3
1 𝜔2 𝜔 1 𝜔2 𝜔 0 1 0
4
⇒𝐴 =𝐼
⇒ 𝐴30 = 𝐴28 × 𝐴3 = 𝐴3
1 −1 0
20. (910) Let 𝐴 = (0 1 −1) = 𝐼 + 𝐶
0 0 1
1 0 0 0 −1 0
where 𝐼 = (0 1 0) , 𝐶 = (0 0 −1)
0 0 1 0 0 0
0 0 1 0 0 0
Now, 𝐶 2 = (0 0 0) , 𝐶 3 = (0 0 0)
0 0 0 0 0 0
⇒ Cn = O, for n ≥ 3
∵ An = (1 + C)n = 1 + nC + n C2 C2
∴ B = 7A20 − 20A7 + 2𝐼
= 7(I + C)20 − 20(I + C)7 + 2𝐼
= 7(𝐼 + 20C + 20 C2 C2 ) − 20(𝐼 + 7C + 7 C2 C2 ) + 2𝐼
So, 𝑏13 = 7 × 20 C2 − 20 × 7 C2 = 7(19 − 6) = 910
21. (d) Required value of
92 −102 112 1
′
A BA = [1 1 1] [ 12 2
132 −142 ] [1]
−152 162 172 1
1
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
= [9 + 12 − 15 − 10 + 13 + 16 + 11 − 14 + 17 ] [1]
1
= [92 + 122 − 152 − 102 + 132 + 162 + 112 − 142 + 172 ]
= [539] = 539.
𝑎 𝑏
22. (50) Given matrix is 𝐴 = [ ] and 𝐴 = 𝐴−1
𝑐 𝑑
Hence, 𝐴2 = 𝐴 ⋅ 𝐴−1 = 𝐼
 𝑎 𝑏 𝑎 𝑏 1 0
⇒[ ][ ]=[ ]
𝑐 𝑑 𝑐 𝑑 0 1
2 1 0
⇒ [𝑎 + 𝑏𝑐 𝑎𝑏 + 𝑏𝑑 2 ] = [0 1]
𝑎𝑐 + 𝑐𝑑 𝑏𝑐 + 𝑑
Compare the corresponding elements of the above matrix. ∴ 𝑎2 + 𝑏𝑐 = 1
𝑎𝑏 + 𝑏𝑑 = 0
ac + cd = 0
𝑏𝑐 + 𝑑2 = 1
From (i) & (iv),
𝑎2 − 𝑑 2 = 0
⇒ (𝑎 + 𝑑) = 0 or 𝑎 − 𝑑 = 0
Case - I :
𝑎 + 𝑑 = 0 ⇒ (𝑎, 𝑑) = (−1,1), (0,0), (1, −1)
(a) (𝑎, 𝑑) = (−1,1) From (i),
1 + 𝑏𝑐 = 1 ⇒ 𝑏𝑐 = 0
b = 0c = 12 possibilities
c = 0b = 12 possibilities
Here, (0,0) is repeated then total possibilities are 2 × 12 = 24
Total pairs = 24 − 1 = 23.
(b) (𝑎, 𝑑) = (1, −1) ⇒ 𝑏𝑐 = 0 → 23 pairs
(c) (𝑎, 𝑑) = (0,0) ⇒ 𝑏𝑐 = 1
⇒ (b, c) = (1,1)&(−1, −1),2 pairs
Case-II :
Here, 𝑎 = 𝑑
From (ii) &(iii),
if 𝑎 ≠ 0 then 𝑏 = 𝑐 = 0
a2 = 1
a = ±1 = d
(a, d) = (1,1), (−1, −1) → 2 pairs
Total number of pairs = 23 + 23 + 2 + 2 = 50 pairs
𝑝 𝑞
23. (d) Let 𝐴 = [ ]
𝑟 𝑠
2
𝑝 + 𝑞𝑟 𝑝𝑞 + 𝑞𝑠 1 0
𝐴2 = [ 2 ] = [0 1]
𝑝𝑟 + 𝑟𝑠 𝑞𝑟 + 𝑠
Comparing both side
⇒ 𝑝2 + 𝑞𝑟 = 1
𝑝𝑞 + 𝑞𝑠 = 0 ⇒ 𝑞(𝑝 + 𝑠) = 0
⇒ 𝑠 2 + 𝑞𝑟 = 1
𝑝𝑟 + 𝑟𝑠 = 0 ⇒ 𝑟(𝑝 + 𝑠) = 0
Equation (i) - equation (ii)
𝑝2 = 𝑠 2 ⇒ 𝑝 + 𝑠 = 0
Now 3𝑎2 + 4𝑏 2 = 3(𝑝 + 𝑠)2 + 4(𝑝𝑠 − 𝑞𝑟)2
= 3.0 + 4(−𝑝2 − 𝑞𝑟)2 = 4(𝑝2 + 𝑞𝑟)2 = 4
24. (d) Given the symmetric matrix
 𝑎 𝑏 𝑐
𝐴 = [𝑏 𝑑 𝑒 ] , 𝑎, 𝑏, 𝑐, 𝑑, 𝑒, 𝑓 ∈ {0,1,2, … . .9}
𝑐 𝑒 𝑓
Since, 𝑛 = 10
𝑛(𝑛+1)
Now, number of matrices = 10 2 = 106
EXERCISE - 3
1. (a) We have, BC = CB, and AN+1 = (B + C)N+1
= 𝑁+1 𝐶0 𝐵 𝑁+1 + 𝑁+1 𝐶1 𝐵𝑁 𝐶 + 𝑁+1 𝐶2 𝐵 𝑁−1 𝐶 2 +
But given that 𝐶 2 = 0 ⇒ 𝐶 3 = 𝐶 4 = ⋯ . = 𝐶 𝑟 = 0
Hence, 𝐴𝑁+1 = 𝑁+1 𝐶𝑁 𝐵 𝑁+1 + 𝑁+1 𝐶1 𝐵 𝑁 𝐶 = 𝐵 𝑁+1 + (𝑁 + 1)𝐵 𝑁 𝐶 = 𝐵 𝑁 [𝐵 + (𝑁 + 1)𝐶]
Thus K = N
𝑥1 𝑎11 𝑎12 𝑎13 𝑥1
2. (c) Let 𝑋 = [𝑥2 ] , (𝑥1 𝑥2 𝑥3 ) (𝑎21 𝑎22 𝑎23 ) (𝑥2 ) = 0𝑎11 𝑥12 + 𝑎22 𝑥22 + 𝑎33 𝑥32 + (𝑎12 + 𝑎21 )𝑥1 𝑥2 +
𝑥3 𝑎31 𝑎32 𝑎33 𝑥3
(𝑎13 + 𝑎31 )𝑥1 𝑥3 + (𝑎23 + 𝑎32 )𝑥2 𝑥3 = 0
It is true for every 𝑥1 , 𝑥2 , 𝑥3 , then 𝑎11 = 𝑎22 = 𝑎33 = 0, 𝑎12 + 𝑎21 = 0, 𝑎13 + 𝑎31 = 0, 𝑎23 + 𝑎32 = 0 ∴
𝐴 is a skew symmetric matrix 𝑎21 = −2008𝑎31 = −2010𝑎32 = 2012
3. (b) B = A1 + 3A33 + ⋯ . . (2n − 1)(A2n−1 )2n−1
𝐵 𝑇 = −[𝐴1 + 3𝐴33 + ⋯ . . (2𝑛 − 1)(𝐴2𝑟−1 )2𝑟−1 ]
= −B, so skew-symmetric
cos⁡ 𝑛𝜃 sin⁡ 𝑛𝜃
4. (a) 𝐴𝑛 = [ ]
−sin⁡ 𝑛𝜃 cos⁡ 𝑛𝜃
cos⁡ 𝑛𝜃 sin⁡ 𝑛𝜃
1 𝑛 𝑛 𝑛 ]
⇒ A =[
𝑛 sin⁡ 𝑛𝜃 cos⁡ 𝑛𝜃
−
𝑛 𝑛
But −1 ≤ cos⁡ 𝑛𝜃 ≤ 1 and −1 ≤ sin⁡ 𝑛𝜃 ≤ 1
sin⁡ 𝑛𝜃 cos⁡ 𝑛𝜃 1 0 0
lim𝑛→∞ 𝑛 = 0, lim𝑛→∞ 𝑛 = 0 ⇒ lim𝑛→∞ 𝑛 A𝑛 = [ ].
0 0
5. (a) As 2 = 0, Ak = 0∀𝑘 ≥ 2.
Thus, (A + I)50 = I + 50A ⇒ (A + I)50 − 50A = I ∴ a = 1, b = 0, c = 0, d = 1
𝑎𝑏𝑐 + 𝑎𝑏𝑑 + 𝑏𝑐𝑑 + 𝑎𝑐𝑑 = 0
6. (a) (A − 2I)(A + I) = 0 ⇒ AA − A − 2I = 0
A−I A−I
⇒ A( )=I∴ = A−1
2 2
c c
7. (a) 𝛼 = 𝛽‾ ⇒ |𝛼| = |𝛽|; 𝛼𝛽 = a ⇒ |𝛼|2 = a > 1 ⇒ |𝛼| > 1
1 1 1 2 1 3 1 (2 + 1)
8. (b) Observe 𝐴1 𝐴2 = [ ][ ]=[ ]=[ ]
0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1
1 3 1 3 1 (3 + 2 + 1)
and 𝐴1 𝐴2 𝐴3 = [ ][ ]=[ ]
0 1 0 1 0 1
So, in general 𝐴1 𝐴2 𝐴3 … 𝐴𝑛
1 𝑛 + (𝑛 − 1) + (𝑛 − 2) + ⋯ + 3 + 2 + 1
=[ ]
0 1
𝑛(𝑛+1)
So 2 = 378 ⇒ 𝑛 = 27
9. (b) (𝐴𝐵) ⋅ (𝐴𝐵) = 𝐴(𝐵𝐴)𝐵 = 𝐴3 𝐵 2
 (𝐴𝐵)(𝐴𝐵)(𝐴𝐵) = 𝐴7 𝐵 3
𝑛
so (𝐴𝐵)n = 𝐴2 −1 𝐵 𝑛
so 𝑘 = 210 − 1 = 1023
10. (a) Note that 𝑃′ = 𝑃−1 Now, 𝑄 = 𝑃𝐴𝑃′ = 𝑃𝐴𝑃−1
⇒ Q2007 = PA2007 P −1
∴ P ′ Q2007 P = P −1 (PA2007 P −1 )P = A2007 = (I + B)2007
0 1
where 𝐵 = [ ].
0 0
As 𝐵 = 0, we get 𝐵 𝑟 = 0∀𝑟 ≥ 2.
2

Thus, by binomial theorem,

1 2007
𝐴2007 = 𝐼 + 2007𝐵 = [ ]
0 1
11. (a) Since 𝑆 is skew-symmetric, 𝑆 T = −𝑆,
𝑆 2 = −𝐼 ⇒ 𝑆 × 𝑆 = −1
⇒ S × S × S T = −I(S T ) = IS = S
⇒ S −1 SSS T = S −1 S ⇒ SS T = I
12. (c) Given that 𝑋 = 𝐴𝐵 + 𝐵𝐴
⇒ X = X T and Y = AB − BA ⇒ Y = −Y T .
Now (XY)T = Y T X T = −YX
13. (b) Z is idempotent then Z 2 = Z ⇒ Z 3 , Z 4 , … , Z n = Z
(𝐼 + 𝑍)𝑛 = 𝑛 𝐶0 𝐼 𝑛 + 𝑛 𝐶1 𝑛−1 𝑍 + 𝑛 𝐶2 𝐼 𝑛−2 𝑍 2 + ⋯ + 𝑛 𝐶𝑛 𝑍 𝑛
= 𝑛 𝐶0 𝐼 + 𝑛 𝐶1 𝑍 + 𝑛 𝐶2 𝑍 + 𝑛 𝐶3 𝑍 + ⋯ + 𝑛 𝐶𝑛 𝑍
= 𝐼 + ( 𝑛 𝐶1 + 𝑛 𝐶2 + 𝑛 𝐶3 + ⋯ + 𝑛 𝐶𝑛 )𝑍 = 𝐼 + (2𝑛 − 1)𝑍
14. (a) Put tan⁡(𝜃/2) = 𝑎 so that
1 − 𝑎2 −2𝑎
2 2
𝐵 = 1 + 𝑎 1 + 𝑎2
2𝑎 1−𝑎
[1 + 𝑎2 1 + 𝑎2 ]
1 − 𝑎2 −2𝑎
1 𝑎 1 + 𝑎2 1 + 𝑎2
∴ (𝐼 − 𝐴)𝐵 = [ ]
−𝑎 1 2𝑎 1 − 𝑎2
[1 + 𝑎2 1 + 𝑎2 ]
1 − 𝑎2 −2𝑎2 −2𝑎 𝑎(1 − 𝑎2 )
2
+ +
= 1+𝑎 1 + 𝑎2 1 + 𝑎2 1 + 𝑎2
2) 2
−𝑎(1 − 𝑎 2𝑎 2𝑎 1 − 𝑎2
[ 1 + 𝑎2 + +
1 + 𝑎2 1 + 𝑎2 1 + 𝑎2 ]
1 −𝑎
=[ ]=𝐼+𝐴
𝑎 1
15.
cos⁡ 𝛼 −sin⁡ 𝛼 0 cos⁡(−𝛼) −sin⁡(−𝛼) 0
(a) 𝐹(𝛼) ⋅ 𝐹(−𝛼) = [ sin⁡ 𝛼 cos⁡ 𝛼 0] [ sin⁡(−𝛼) cos⁡(−𝛼) 0]
0 0 1 0 0 1
cos⁡ 𝛼 −sin⁡ 𝛼 0 cos⁡ 𝛼 sin⁡ 𝛼 0
𝐹(𝛼) ⋅ 𝐹(−𝛼) = [ sin⁡ 𝛼 cos⁡ 𝛼 0] [−sin⁡ 𝛼 cos⁡ 𝛼 0]
0 0 1 0 0 1
 cos2 ⁡ 𝛼 + sin2 ⁡ 𝛼 + 0 cos⁡ 𝛼sin⁡ 𝛼 − cos⁡ 𝛼sin⁡ 𝛼 + 0 0+0+0
= [sin⁡ 𝛼cos⁡ 𝛼 − sin⁡ 𝛼cos⁡ 𝛼 + 0 sin2 ⁡ 𝛼 + cos 2 ⁡ 𝛼 + 0 0 + 0 + 0]
0+0+0 0+0+0 0+0+1
1 0 0
= [0 1 0] = 𝐼 [∵ cos 2 ⁡ 𝛼 + sin2 ⁡ 𝛼 = 1]
0 0 1
F(𝛼) ⋅ F(−𝛼) = 1 ∴ [F(𝛼)]−1 = F(−𝛼)
EXERCISE - 4
1. (1) Given matrices 𝐴 and 𝐵 with 2 × 2 order.
Then, 𝐴2 = 𝐴 and 𝐵 2 = 𝐵 and it is true for every 𝑚 and 𝑛. Therefore, equation 𝑛𝐴𝑛 + 𝑛𝐵 𝑚 = 𝐼 becomes
𝑛𝐴 + 𝑚𝐵 = 𝐼, which gives 𝑚 = 𝑛 = 𝐼
Only one set possible.
−1 𝑎
2. (100) Given matrix is 𝐴 = [ ]
0 𝑏
−1 𝑎 −1 𝑎 1 −𝑎 + 𝑎𝑏
Now, 𝐴2 = [ ][ ]=[ ]
0 𝑏 0 𝑏 0 𝑏2
We have, 𝑇𝑛 = {𝐴 ∈ 𝑆; 𝐴𝑛(𝑛+1) = I}.
For 𝐴2 = I, 𝑏 𝑛 must be equal to 1 and −𝑎 + 𝑎𝑏 must be equal to 0 . For 𝑏 = 1 and (−𝑎 + 𝑎𝑏) = 0, 𝑎 can
be any value from 1 to 100 .
∴ Total number of common element will be 100 .
3.
2 −1 −1
(17) 𝐴 = [1 0 −1] ⇒ 𝐴2 = 𝐴 ⇒ 𝐴𝑛 = 𝐴
1 −1 0
∀𝐧 ∈ {1,2, … ,100}
1 −1 −1
Now, 𝐵 = 𝐴 − 𝐼 = [1 −1 −1]
1 −1 −1
B2 = −B
⇒ B3 = −B2 = B
⇒ B5 = B
⇒ B99 = B
Also; 𝜔3k = 1
So, 𝑛 = common of {1,3,5, … ,99} and
{3,6,9, … ,99} = 17
1 𝑎 𝑎
4. (24)Given a matrix 𝐴 = [0 1 𝑏 ]
0 0 1
Now, split the matrix in identity and square matrix
1 0 0 0 𝑎 𝑎
𝐴 = [0 1 0] + [0 0 𝑏 ] = 𝐼 + 𝐵
0 0 1 0 0 0
0 𝑎 𝑎 0 𝑎 𝑎 0 0 𝑎𝑏
2
𝐵 = [0 0 𝑏 ] [0 0 𝑏 ] = [0 0 0 ]
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
B3 = 0
 Now, take power n both sides to the expansion A = I + B. 𝐴𝑛 = (1 + 𝐵)𝑛 = 𝑛 𝐶0 𝐼 + 𝑛
𝐶1 𝐵 +
𝑛(n−1)ab
1 0 0 0 𝑛𝑎 𝑛𝑎 0 0
𝑛 2
𝐶2 𝐵 2 + 𝑛 𝐶3 𝐵 3 + ⋯. = [0 1 0] + [0 0 𝑛𝑏 ] + [0 0 0 ]=
0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0
𝑛(n−1)
1 𝑛𝑎 𝑛𝑎 + 𝑎𝑏 1 48 2160
2
[0 1 𝑛𝑏 ] = [0 1 48 ]
0 0 1 0 0 1
Now, compare the elements, then na = 48nb = 96
𝑛(n−1)
Also, 𝑛𝑎 + 2 𝑎𝑏 = 2160
a = 4, n = 12 and b = 8
Therefore n + a + b = 24
5.
0 −𝛼 2
(1) 𝑀 = [ ] ; 𝑀2 [−𝛼 0 ] = −𝛼 2 𝐼
𝛼 0 0 −𝛼 2
𝑁 = 𝑀 + 𝑀 + ⋯ . . . +𝑀 = [−𝛼 2 + 𝛼 4 − 𝛼 6 + ⋯ . ]𝐼
2 4 98

2
(1 − (−𝛼 2 )49 )
= −𝛼 𝐼
1 + 𝛼2
𝐼 − 𝑀2 = (1 + 𝛼 2 )𝐼
(𝐼 − 𝑀2 )𝑁 = −𝛼 2 (𝛼 98 + 1) = −2 ⇒ 𝛼 = 1
2 2
(2) A2 = A ⋅ A = [ 𝑎𝑏2 𝑏 ] [ 𝑎𝑏2 𝑏 ]
−𝑎 −𝑎𝑏 −𝑎 −𝑎𝑏
2 2 2 2
=[ 3𝑎 𝑏 − 𝑎 𝑏 𝑎𝑏 3 − 𝑎𝑏 3 ] = 0
−𝑎 𝑏 + 𝑎3 𝑏 −𝑎2 𝑏 2 + 𝑎2 𝑏 2
Now, A3 = A. A2 = 0 and A𝑛 = 0, for all 𝑛 ≥ 2.
Hence, minimum value of 𝑛 is 2 .
4 2 2
7. (5) Given that 10𝐵 = [−5 0 𝛼 ]
1 −2 3
1 4 2 2
⇒𝐵= [−5 0 𝛼 ]
10
1 −2 3
Also since, 𝐵 = 𝐴−1 ⇒ 𝐴𝐵 = 𝐼
1 1 −1 1 4 2 2 1 0 0
⇒ [2 1 −3] [−5 0 𝛼 ] = [0 1 0]
10
1 1 1 1 −2 3 0 0 1
1 10 0 5 − 𝛼 1 0 0
⇒ [ 0 10 −5 + 𝛼 ] = [0 1 0]
10
0 0 5+𝛼 0 0 1
5−𝛼
⇒ =0⇒𝛼=5
10
𝑎 𝑏 𝑐 𝑎 𝑑 𝑔
8. (198) [𝑑 𝑒 𝑓] [𝑏 𝑒 ℎ ]
𝑔 ℎ 𝑖 𝑐 𝑓 𝑖
Sum of diagonal elements,
𝑎 2 + 𝑏 2 + 𝑐 2 + 𝑑 2 + 𝑒 2 + 𝑓 2 + 𝑔2 + ℎ2 + 𝑖 2 = 5
Case - I: Five (1's) and four (0's)
 9
C5 = 126
Case - II: One (2) and one (1)
9
C2 = 2! = 72
∴ Total = 198
9. (10)
1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0
(10) 𝑃2 = [3 1 0] [3 1 0] = [ 6 1 0]
9 3 1 9 3 1 27 6 1
1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0
⇒ 𝑃4 = [ 6 1 0] [ 6 1 0] = [12 1 0]
27 6 1 27 6 1 90 12 1
1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0
⇒ 𝑃5 = [12 1 0] [3 1 0] = [ 15 1 0]
90 12 1 9 3 1 135 15 1
∵ 𝑄 − 𝑃5 = 𝐼3
2 0 0
5
∴ 𝑄 = 𝐼3 + 𝑃 = [ 15 2 0]
135 15 2
𝑞21 + 𝑞31 15 + 135
= = 10
𝑞32 15
𝑥 1
10. (5) A = [ ]
1 0
𝑥 1 𝑥 1 2
⇒ A2 = [ ][ ] = [𝑥 + 1 𝑥]
1 0 1 0 𝑥 1
∵ A2 is the unit matrix ⇒ 𝑥 2 + 1 = 1 ⇒ 𝑥 = 0
∴ 𝑥 3 + 𝑥 + 2 = 2.
𝑎11 𝑎12 a13
11. (282) A = [a21 a22 a23 ] aij ∈ {0,1}
a31 a32 a33
∑aij = 2,3,5,7
Total matrices = 9 C2 + 9 C3 + 9 C5 + 9 C7 = 282
𝛽+1 0
12. (2) Now 𝐴 + 𝐵 = [ ]
3 𝛼
𝛽+1 0 𝛽+1 0
⇒ (𝐴 + 𝐵)2 = [ ][ ]
3 𝛼 3 𝛼
(𝛽 + 1)2 0
=[ ]
3(𝛽 + 1) + 3𝛼 𝛼 2
1 −1 1 −1 −1 −1 − 𝛼
Now 𝐴2 = [ ][ ]=[ ]
2 𝛼 2 𝛼 2 + 2𝛼 𝛼 2 − 2
2
1 −𝛼 + 1 (𝛽 + 1) 0
∴[ ]=[ ]
2𝛼 + 4 𝛼2 3(𝛼 + 𝛽 + 1) 𝛼 2
⇒ 𝛼 = 1 = 𝛼1
𝛽 1 𝛽 1 𝛽2 + 1 𝛽
Now 𝐵 2 = [ ][ ]=[ ]
1 0 1 0 𝛽 1
(𝛽 + 1)2 0
=[ ]
3(𝛽 + 1) + 3𝛼 𝛼 2
∴ 𝛽 = 0, 𝛼 = −1 = 𝛼2
 ∴ |𝛼1 − 𝛼2 | = |1 − (−1)| = 2
1 2
13. (20) Given, 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 − 5I and A = [ ]
4 −3
𝑓(A) = A2 + 4A − 5I
1 2 1 2 9 −4
Now, 𝐴2 = [ ][ ]=[ ]
4 −3 4 −3 −8 17
1 2 4 8
4A = 4 [ ]=[ ]
4 −3 16 −12
1 0 5 0
and 5𝐼 = 5 [ ]=[ ]
0 1 0 5
9 −4 4 8 5 0 8 4
⇒ 𝑓(A) = [ ]+[ ]−[ ]=[ ]
−8 17 16 −12 0 5 8 0
∴ Sum of all elements of 𝑓(A) = 8 + 4 + 8 + 0 = 20
cos⁡ 𝛼 −sin⁡ 𝛼
14. (6) 𝐴 = [ ]
sin⁡ 𝛼 cos⁡ 𝛼
cos⁡ 𝛼 −sin⁡ 𝛼 cos⁡ 𝛼 −sin⁡ 𝛼
𝐴2 = [ ][ ]
sin⁡ 𝛼 cos⁡ 𝛼 sin⁡ 𝛼 cos⁡ 𝛼
cos⁡ 2𝛼 −sin⁡ 2𝛼
=[ ]
sin⁡ 2𝛼 cos⁡ 2𝛼
cos⁡ 4𝛼 −sin⁡ 4𝛼
Similarly, 𝐴4 = 𝐴2 ⋅ 𝐴2 = [ ]
sin⁡ 4𝛼 cos⁡ 4𝛼
cos⁡ 32𝛼 −sin⁡ 32𝛼 0 −1
and so on 𝐴32 = [ ]=[ ]
sin⁡ 32𝛼 cos⁡ 32𝛼 1 0
Then sin⁡ 32𝛼 = 1 and cos⁡ 32𝛼 = 0
𝜋 𝜋
32𝛼 = n𝜋 + (−1)n 2 and 32𝛼 = 2𝑛𝜋 + 2
𝑛𝜋 𝜋 𝑛𝜋 𝜋
𝛼= + (−1)𝑛 64 and 𝛼 = + 64 where 𝑛 ∈ 𝑍.
32 16
𝜋 𝜋
Put 𝑛 = 0, 𝛼 = 64 = 26
𝜋 𝜋
Then, the value of 𝛼 is 26 = 2𝑘 ⇒ 𝑘 = 6