Registration No SET 3

ALL KERALA COMMON MODEL

EXAMINATION 2025-26

SCIENCE (086)
CLASS X

Time allowed : 3 Hours Maximum Marks :80

General Instructions:
(i) This question paper consists of 39 questions in 3 sections. Section A is Biology,
Section B is Chemistry and Section C is Physics.
(ii) All questions are compulsory. However, an internal choice is provided in some
questions. A student is expected to attempt only one of these questions.

Section – A

1. How do desert plants perform photosynthesis even when their stomata are closed during
the day? 1

A. They store CO₂ at night

B. They don’t need CO₂ for photosynthesis

C. They release oxygen at night

D. They use roots for photosynthesis

2. Cytokinins are responsible for: 1

A. Leaf fall

B. Inhibiting cell division

C. Promoting cell division and delay in leaf senescence

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 D. Root elongation

3. If UV radiation did not reach the stratosphere, which process would be affected first? 1

A) Conversion of O₃ to O₂

B) Formation of oxygen molecules

C) Splitting of O₂ into oxygen atoms

D) Absorption of CO₂

4. The image shows the transport of gases in body through heart and lungs. 1

Which option correctly shows the transport of oxygen to the cell?

A) Lungs →pulmonary vein →left atrium →left ventricle →aorta → body cells

B) Lungs →pulmonary vein →right atrium →right ventricle → aorta → body cells

C) Lungs →pulmonary artery →left atrium → left ventricle → venacava → body cells

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 D) Lungs →pulmonary artery →right atrium → right ventricle→ venacava → body cells

5. In an aquatic food chain, the pesticide DDT was introduced into the water. Which
organism is likely to have the lowest concentration of DDT? 1

A) Bird of prey

B) Small fish

C) Large fish

D) Zooplankton

6. Height of a plant is regulated by: 1

A) DNA which is directly influenced by growth hormone.

B) Genes which regulate the proteins directly.

C) Growth hormones under the influence of the enzymes coded by a gene.

D) Growth hormones directly under the influence a gene

7. When a heterozygous tall pea plant (Tt) is self-pollinated, the probability of getting a
dwarf plant in the F₂ generation is: 1

a) 0%

b) 25%

c) 50%

d) 75%

The following two questions consist of two statements – Assertion (A) and Reason (R).

Answer these questions by selecting the appropriate option given below:

A. Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.

B. Both A and R are true, and R is not the correct explanation of A.

C. A is true but R is false.

D. A is false but R is true

8. Assertion (A): Transpiration pull is the major driving force in movement of water during
night.

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 Reason (R): Transpiration helps in temperature regulation. 1

9. Assertion (A): Rhizopus has saprophytic nutrition.

Reason (R): Rhizopus secretes enzymes that break down the food material outside the
body. 1

10. There are different nutrients required by the human body. These are in three major
categories of carbohydrates, fats and proteins (apart from vitamins, minerals and
roughage). 2

(a) Digestion of nutrient R begins in the stomach. Identify R.

(b) Consider fats and oils from your diet as large globules in your digestive tract. Name
the reaction that can help in making these easier to absorb.

(c) What is the difference in the kind of medium required for digestive enzymes to
function in the stomach and the small intestine ?

11. Students to attempt either option A or B.

A. Observe the following diagram of a neuromuscular junction. 2

a) Through which part does information travel as electric impulse to reach the neuro
muscular junction?

b) How does the information travel across the synapse?

c) What is the role of mitochondria at a neuromuscular junction?

OR

B. Here is a picture of a germinating seed.

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 (a) What is the environmental stimulus required for the seed to develop roots
downwards and shoots upwards? Name the respective phenomenon.

(b) What environmental factor in the experimental setup shown below can be altered in
Figure X to observe the direction of root growth as observed in Figure Y?

12. Explain the processes of aerobic respiration in mitochondria of a cell and anaerobic
respiration in yeast with the help of word equations. 2

13. Study the food chain given below and answer the questions that follow: 3

leaf → caterpillar → chameleon → snake → mongoose.

a) If the amount of energy available at the third trophic level is 100 joules, then how
much energy will be available at the producer level?

b) Is it possible to have 2 more trophic levels in this food chain just before the fourth
trophic level? Justify your answer.

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14. A couple is expecting a baby. The father’s cells contain 44 autosomes and one pair of
sex chromosomes — XY. The mother’s cells contain 44 autosomes and one pair of sex
chromosomes — XX. During gamete formation (meiosis), the sperm and egg cells
receive half the number of chromosomes. The egg always carries an X chromosome,
while the sperm may carry either an X or a Y chromosome. After fertilization, the zygote
thus receives one sex chromosome from each parent, determining the sex of the child.

a) Which type of gametes are produced by the mother and the father with respect to sex
chromosomes?

b) What will be the sex chromosomes in the zygote if the sperm carrying Y chromosome
fertilizes the ovum?

c) Who is responsible for determining the sex of the baby — the mother or the father?
Why? 3

15. Ravi is a college student who often forgets to drink enough water during the day. One
summer afternoon, after playing cricket for two hours under the hot sun, he started
feeling dizzy and noticed that his urine was dark yellow and had a strong smell. His
friend advised him to drink plenty of water. After some time, Ravi felt better, and the
colour of his urine became light yellow. 4

A) Name two major nitrogenous waste products excreted by humans.

B) How does the composition of urine help doctors detect certain health disorders like
diabetes?

Attempt either subpart C or D.

C) On what two factors does the amount of water reabsorbed by the kidneys, depend?

OR

D) The figure given below represents human excretory system. Identify and name the
part where (i) urine is stored (ii) part that transports urine

(iii) What is the additional function of urethra in males?

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16. Attempt either option A or B. 5

A. a) How does the uterus prepare itself every month to receive a zygote?

b) Evaluate the role of placenta as a life-support system for the developing embryo.

c) Draw a neat diagram of the human female reproductive system. Label the following
parts:

(i) The part where germ cell is produced.

(ii) The part where implantation of embryo occurs.

(iii) The part where surgery can be done as a step to contraception by creating blocks.

(iv) The part where the uterus opens into vagina.

OR

B(a) A gardener cuts a stem of a rose plant and buries it in the soil. After a few days,
roots develop. Which method of reproduction is this? What advantage does it provide?

(b) Asexual reproduction produces clones. Yet, some variation is still observed. Why?

(c) Draw a neat diagram of the type of asexual reproduction in Planaria. Name the type
of reproduction. How is this type of reproduction different from the one observed in
Spirogyra?

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 Section – B

17. Which of the following is an exothermic process? 1

A. Reaction of water with quick lime.
B. Evaporation of water.
C. Sublimation of camphor
D. Decomposition of silver chloride in presence of light.
18. Which of the following is a double displacement reaction but not a precipitation
reaction? 1

A. Na2SO4 + BaCl2 →BaSO4 + 2 NaCl

B. Pb(NO3)2 + 2 KI → PbI2 + 2 KNO3
C. NaOH +HCl →NaCl + H2O
D. 2 KBr + BaI2→2KI + BaBr2
19. The process of heating sulphide ore in presence of air is called 1
A. Calcination C. Reduction
B. Roasting D. Refining
20. Identify the basic salt from the following: 1
A. Sodium chloride C. Zinc sulphate
B. Potassium nitrate D. Sodium acetate
21. A solution turns the colour of turmeric to reddish brown. If the same solution is
poured on universal indicator, the colour would change to 1
A. Green C. Red
B. Blue D. Yellow
22. Choose the incorrect statement about the common reaction used in
hydrogenation of vegetable oils 1
A. It is an addition reaction
B. It takes place in the presence of nickel or palladium catalyst
C. The product contains only single bonds between carbon atoms
D. It is an addition reaction which occurs in the presence of an acid catalyst
23. How will you protect yourself from the heat generated while diluting a
concentrated acid? 1
A. By adding acid to water with constant stirring
B. By adding water to acid with constant stirring
C. By adding water to acid followed by base
D. By adding base to acid with constant stirring

The following question consists of two statements – Assertion (A) and Reason
(R).

Answer the question by selecting the appropriate option given below:

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 A. Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
B. Both A and R are true, and R is not the correct explanation of A.
C. A is true but R is false.
D. A is false but R is true
24. Assertion (A): After white washing the walls, a shiny white finish on the walls is
obtained after two or three days.
Reason (R): Calcium oxide reacts with CO2 to form calcium hydrogen carbonate
which gives a shiny finish. 1
25. Name the following: 2
a) A metal, which is preserved in kerosene.
b) Most ductile metal.
c) A metal, which can melt while kept on palm.
d) A metal, which is a poor conductor of heat.
26. Attempt option A or B 3
A. The domes of many buildings in Europe are made of copper. These domes
now appear greenish in colour.
i). Why do domes appear greenish though copper is brown in colour
ii). In your opinion should the copper domes be replaced by iron domes to
overcome the problem of change of colour of copper domes? Give reason to
support your answer
iii). Domes used to be made from thin sheets of metals. Why did the ancient
architects use copper to make domes?
OR

B. The atomic number of an element is 20. Write its electronic configuration.

State whether this element is a metal or non-metal. What is its valency? Write
the name and formula of the compound which this element forms with
chlorine
27. Ferrous sulphate crystals are heated in a dry boiling tube. 3
a) List any two observations
b) Name the type of chemical reaction taking place.
c) Write the chemical equation for the reaction.
28. Crystalline salts have water of crystallization. The number of water molecules
associated with crystals depends on size of the cation. Different crystalline salts
have different colours. They have well defined geometrical shape and sharp
melting point.
Answer the following questions based on the above information. 4
a) Which of the following salts contain water of crystallization?
A. Bleaching powder C. Washing soda
B. Sodium chloride D. Baking soda
b)What is the chemical formula of gypsum?

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 c) Plaster of Paris should be stored in a moisture proof container. Explain
with the help of a chemical equation.
OR
What happens when hydrated copper sulphate crystals are heated? Write
chemical equation involved.

29. Attempt either A or B 5

A. Shrishti heated ethanol with a compound A in presence of a few drops of

concentrated sulphuric acid and observed a sweet smelling compound B with
molecular formula C4H8O2 is formed. When B is treated with NaOH it gives back
ethanol and a compound C.
a) Identify A and C
b) Give one use each of compound A and B.
c) Write the chemical reactions involved and name the reactions.
OR
B.

a) It is observed that covalent compounds are bad conductors of electricity.

Give reason.
b) Carbon can neither form C4+ cation nor C4- anion. Explain.
c) Draw the electron dot structure of ethanol.
d) Identify the functional group present in the following compounds.
i) H-CHO
ii) CH3-CH2-CO-CH3

Section – C

30. If a lens can converge the sun rays at a point 20 cm away from its optical center,
the power of this lens is
A. +2D B. -2D C. +5D D. -5D
1
31. The path of a ray of light coming from air passing through a rectangular glass
slab traced by four students are shown as A, B, C and D in figure. Which one of
them is correct? 1

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 A. A B. B C. C D. D

The following question consists of two statements – Assertion (A) and Reason
(R).

Answer the question by selecting the appropriate option given below:

A. Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.

B. Both A and R are true, and R is not the correct explanation of A.

C. A is true but R is false.
D. A is false but R is true
32. Assertion: The near-point of a hypermetropic eye is more than 25 cm away.
Reason: Hypermetropia is corrected using spectacles containing concave
Lenses 1

33. (a) A ray of light falls normally on the surface of a transparent glass slab. Draw a
ray diagram to show its path and also mark angle of incidence and angle of
emergence
(b).Light enters from air to glass having refractive index 1.50. What is the speed
of light in the glass? The speed of light in vacuum is 3 × 108m/s. 2
34. Students to attempt either option A or B 2

A. Write in the form of a formula a relationship between resistance and resistivity

of an ohmic conductor. A wire of length 'l' and resistance 'R' is stretched so
that its length is doubled and area of cross section is halved. How will its
(a) resistance change(b) resistivity change. Justify your answer in each case
OR

B. A piece of wire having resistance R is cut into four equal parts

(a). How does the resistance of each part compare with the original
resistance?
(b). If the four parts are in parallel how will the resistance of combination
compare with the resistance of original wire?
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35. A person needs a lens of power 4.5 D for correction of her vision
(a). What kind of defect in vision is he suffering from? Show it diagrammatically

(b). What is the nature of the corrective lens?

(c)What is the focal length of the corrective lens? 3
36. What is Joule's heating effect? Why alloys are used in electric heating devices
rather than pure metals? 3
37. Draw the pattern of lines of force due to a magnetic field through and around a
current carrying loop of wire. How would the strength of the magnetic field
produced at the centre of the circular loop be affected if 3
(a). the strength of the current passing through this loop is doubled
(b). the radius of the loop is reduced to half of the original radius
38. A child reads the words of a book with the help of a lens keeping it close to the
book. He finds words enlarged and erect when he gradually withdraws the lens
away from the book. At one position, the words again become distinctly visible
but this time, these are enlarged and inverted
(A). Identify the type of lens. Justify your answer. 1
(B). Draw ray diagram corresponding to any one position 1

Attempt either subpart C or D. 2

(C)An object of height 4 cm is placed at a distance of 20 cm from a concave lens

of focal length 10 cm. Use lens formula to determine the position of the image
formed. Also state the nature of the image formed
OR

(D) A converging lens has a focal length of 12 cm. Calculate at what distance
should the object be placed from the lens so that it forms an image at 48 cm on
the other side of the lens. What is the nature of image formed?

39. Attempt either subpart A or B 5

[Link] resistors with resistances 50Ω and 100Ω respectively are to be connected
to a battery of 6V so as to obtain

(i). maximum current (ii) minimum current

(a). With the help of a circuit diagram show how to connect the resistances in
each of the above cases.

(b) Calculate the strength of the total current in the circuit in the two cases

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(c) What type of combination of resistors is used in domestic circuit? Why?

OR

B. The arrangement of resistors shown in the above figure is connected to a

battery.;

The power dissipation in the 100 Ω resistor is 81 W. Calculate

(i) the current in the circuit

(ii) the reading in the voltmeter V2

(iii) the reading in the voltmeter V1

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