Solving Problems Using TOP-TRIZ
Solving Problems Using TOP-TRIZ
Zinovy Royzen,
TRIZ Master
President, TRIZ Consulting, Inc.
Seattle, Washington
Tel: (206) 364-3116
zroyzen@[Link]
[Link]
Abstract
The author describes two cases he solved for his customers and techniques used in these
TRIZ applications.
One of the described problems took a team six months until it decided to look for a help.
Using TRIZ, the problem was solved in 15 minutes. Another problem delayed new
product development for more than a year. It was solved at the first day of TRIZ
facilitation.
The paper describes the methods used in the cases including the author's Tool-Object-
Product (TOP) Function Modeling, some Standard Techniques and Conflict Solving
Algorithm.
What is TOP-TRIZ?
TOP-TRIZ is a further development of Classical TRIZ. It includes further development
of problem formulation and problem modeling, Standard Solutions, ARIZ and Laws of
Evolution of Technical Systems. It has integrated TRIZ methods into a user friendly
system of analytical thinking.
Classical TRIZ
Genrich S. Altshuller, the creator of the Theory of Inventive Problem Solving, stopped
development of TRIZ Methods to solve technical problems in 1985. His last version of
TRIZ known as Classical TRIZ. It includes the following methods.
• Substance-Field Analysis
• 76 Standard Solutions
• Algorithm for Inventive Problem Solving (ARIZ)
• Laws of Evolution of Technical Systems
Some people include also 40 Inventive Principles and Contradiction Matrix, the earliest
Field F
Substance 2 Substance 1 S2 S1
F
S1 The object.
S2 The tool.
F (Field) Energy or force. S2 S1
S2 S1
S1 The object.
S2 The tool.
F (Field) Harmful energy or force.
F
T O ⇒ H.P.
O The object the harmful action
T The tool of the harmful action
F (Field) Energy or force, or description of the harmful action
H.P. A harmful (unwanted) product or products
Very often a useful action also causes an unwanted effect, or an attempt to improve a
function leads to deterioration in another function of the system. Conflicts are the most
difficult type of problem in innovation. TRIZ offers models to describe any type of
conflict.
Fu
⇒ U.P.
T O ⇒
Fh H.P.
Modeling a function by describing all four components — the tool, the object, the action,
and the product — improves understanding of both the function and the best ways for its
improvement.
Function modeling helps you to understand the system’s performance, state the set of
problems to consider, classify the problems, and determine the TRIZ Methods to be
applied according to the TOP-TRIZ Flow Chart.
No Is there a
New Problem?
No
No
No
Standard Techniques
TRIZ Standard Techniques is a further improvement of Standard Solutions, developed by
Zinovy Royzen. Standard Techniques are step-by-step guides for applying generic
solutions to your problem and developing specific solutions by utilizing the resources of
the system, its supersystem, and its environment.
Integration of TRIZ Methods allowed simplifying a TRIZ method to reveal the causes of
a failure so that the method was included it in Standard Techniques.
Some Standard Solutions were reformulated. Some new Standards for eliminating
harmful functions were added.
Standards solutions were supplied with step-by-step checklists.
Indirect Ways
Indirect Ways is a set of techniques for bypassing an original problem.
• Techniques for removal of the tool of a harmful function
• Techniques for removal of object of a harmful function
• Technique for elimination the cause of a harmful function
• Techniques for elimination of the consequences of a harmful function
• Techniques for converting a harmful function into a useful function
Integration of TRIZ Methods allowed reducing the number of steps in ARIZ and
improving its effectiveness.
An old system for plating steel rods and pipes with aluminum included a well in the
ground of a shop filled with molten aluminum at 700-740 C and a conveyer moving steel
pipes and rods.
Preheated pipes and rods were submersed into molten aluminum for a short period of
time and then removed with a coat of aluminum which protects steel pipes and rods
against corrosion.
Figure 6: Old process of plating steel rods and pipes with aluminum
A new system for plating steel rods and pipe with aluminum was developed in order to
increase the rate of production.
The new system includes a tube and two pumps utilizing the magnetohydrodynamic
(MHD) phenomenon. When a magnetic field and an electric current intersect in a liquid,
their repulsive interaction propels the liquid in a direction perpendicular to both the field
and the current.
The pumps keep molten aluminum in the tube, and a rod passing through the tube is
plated with aluminum.
The test of the new system was a success for plating rods.
Strait line motion of the rods increased productivity of the process. In addition, the new
system removed excess of aluminum, decreased loss of aluminum due to oxidation,
decreased energy loss and improved the shop environment.
However, there was a problem with plating pipes. High temperature (700-740 C) molten
aluminum was pumped out of the tube through the pipe inserted in the tube.
The cause of the failure was understood. A steel (ferromagnetic) pipe does not allow a
magnetic field to pass through it, thus there are no forces to keep molten aluminum
inside.
After working on the problem for a half a year, Dr. Verdirevsky who led the development
of the system in Moscow called to the author with invitation to help him and his team.
He explained the problem and ideas his team had developed. Some of ideas related to
collecting aluminum from the pipe and returning it back to the system. Other ideas
suggested sealing the pipes for plating the outside surface and different methods of
plating the inside of the pipes.
Steel pipe
Pumps
Pump 2 Aluminum ⇒ Aluminum (H.P.)
Inside Outside
Inside Outside
Pump 1 is unable to hold aluminum because a steel pipe blocks magnetic field.
Blocked
According to Altshuller, Substance-Field model has to have two substances and a field.
This approach limits function modeling.
Blocks
Steel Pipe Magnetic Field ⇒ Magnetic Field (H.P.)
Blocked
It is a harmful function and we need to apply techniques for harmful function elimination.
In classical TRIZ, Altshuller combined his standard solutions to build Su-Field Models
and to destroy Su-Field Models in one class of Standard which complicate the flow chart
of using standards.
Direct Ways
Problem Solution Description
There is a Eliminate the harmful
harmful action action
on an object O
T F O
Insulate O from the harmful action
T F O Sx =? by a substance-insulator Sx.
Sx
The problem is that under normal use, sometimes internal container water pressure can be
greater than 0.38 psi, and thus the valve can leak water.
Also, water has to be released by squeezing the bottle with pressure applied to the valve
not less than, for example, 1 psi.
Bottle
Water
Cap
Flexible membrane
1. The purpose of the system is to seal water in the bottle and release water by sucking.
2. The objective of the project is to design a closure that meets the following
requirements.
- One hand bottle use
- Opening the valve by sucking with ΔP not more than 0.38 psi
- Dispensing water by squeezing the bottle.
- No leakage
3. Current problem. Valve designed for easy opening by sucking leaks under normal
conditions of use.
4. State known solutions. State advantages and disadvantages of known solutions.
- Push to open valve. Eliminates leakage. It takes two hands to operate.
- Twist to open valve. Eliminates leakage. It takes two hands to operate.
- “Stiff “ Valve. Eliminates leakage. It does not open by sucking.
Problem 2.
The Problem 1 is caused because the Valve is opened.
Model of the harmful function.
Pressures
Water Valve ⇒ Valve
Pressurized Closed Opened
The useful functions of the valve are to open and to seal water.
1. The function of the valve is to open water.
In order to perform the function there is a need to apply suction with ΔP=0.38 psi.
It is also possible o say that the function of the valve is to press the wall in order to
seal water.
List of Problems
Problem 1.
Lets
Valve Water ⇒ Water
Open Inside Outside (leakage)
Problem 2.
ΔP applied across
the valve
Undesired
0.38 PSI opening 1 PSI
Known Solution
A “stiff” valve eliminates leakage by sealing water; however, water will be sealed even
when suction is applied.
Problem 3. Conflict
Direct Ways
Problem Solution Description
There is a Eliminate the harmful
harmful action action
on an object O
T F O
Insulate O from the harmful action by a
T F O Sx =? substance-insulator Sx.
Sx
A. A stiff valve. This solution causes a new problem. A stiff valve will not be
opened by sucking.
B. A smaller area of the valve is exposed to water. This solution causes a new
problem. The valve will not be opened by sucking.
Problem 3. Conflict
Shortcut 1
Shortcut 2
Shortcut 3
Conflict 1. Conflict 2.
In order to dispense water by sucking In order to seal pressurized water
the membrane has to be flexible the membrane has to be stiff
but it will not dispense water by
but it does not seal pressurized water. sucking.
W ⇒ W
W ⇒W M Sealed
M Sealed W ⇒ W
W ⇒ W Sealed
Sealed
• A minimum alteration of the system has to provide dispensing water by sucking and
sealing pressurized water without any complication or deterioration of the
system or anything else.
1. Separation in Space
2. Separation in Time
3. Separation Between the Components
4. Separation Between the Components and the Set of the Components
5. Separation Between Parameters
ΔP=-0.38psi
Separation in Time
Dispensing Sealing
Time
Leakage
Pressures
Air-Pressurized Water
Valve ⇒ Valve
Opened
The valve is opened when ΔP =0.38 psi applied across it. Even though the tools of the
functions are different, the ΔP is the same.
Conflict 1. Conflict 2.
In order to eliminate opening of the membrane In order to open the membrane by
(leakage) the ΔP across the membrane has to be sucking the ΔP across the membrane has
increased, but the membrane will not be to be decreased, but the membrane will be
opened by sucking. opened by pressurized water (leakage).
⇒ M
ΔP M Opened (D)
⇒ V ⇒ M
ΔP M Opened (D) Opened (L)
⇒ V
Opened (L)
If the ΔP across the membrane is 1 psi If the ΔP across the membrane is less
in order to eliminate opening of the 0.25 psi in order to open the membrane
membrane (leakage) completely, by sucking easily, the membrane will be
the membrane will not be opened by opened by pressurized water (leakage)
sucking.
M ⇒ M
ΔP M ⇒ Opened (D) ΔP M Opened (D)
⇒ M ⇒ M
1 psi 0.25 psi
Opened (L) Opened (L)
⇒ M
ΔP M Opened (D)
⇒ M
0.25 psi
Opened (L)
⇒
X M Not opened (L)
During the operating time, the zone of the conflict itself has to provide membrane
with an opening force and no opening force.
Separation in Space
ΔP=-0.38psi
Separation in Time
Dispensing Sealing
Time
Leakage
Acknowledgement
I would like to thank the Alcoa CSI team Involved in the project: Mark Powell, Larry Smeyak,
Ramesh Kamath, David Babcock, Nassan Najdawi and Coy Hearld.
Advanced Courses
The objective of the advanced courses is to help TRIZ users in gaining advanced level
experience in applying TRIZ and confidence in working on their real-life problems
and facilitation of TRIZ facilitation of teams.
A set of courses provides the learners of TOP-TRIZ with practical experience sufficient
to achieve outstanding results.