PHYSICS

BOARD PYQs
PART - 1

2024-26
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1. Rotational Dynamics

SECTION – I

1. A car is moving along a horizontal curve of radius 20 m and coefficient of friction between the
road and wheel of the car is 0.25. If acceleration due to gravity is 9.8 m/s 2, then its maximum
speed is
(a) 3 m/s (b) 5 m/s (c) 7 m/s (d) 9 m/s

2. A body is acted upon by a constant torque. In 4 seconds its angular momentum changes from L
to 4 L. The magnitude of the torque is ____________.
L 3L
(a) (b) (c) 3L (d) 12L
4 4

3. Radius of gyration of a ring about a transverse axis passing through its centre is __________.
(a) 0.5  diameter of ring (b) diameter of ring
(c) 2  diameter of ring (d) (diameter of ring)

4. A stone is tied to a string and rotated in a horizontal circle with constant angular velocity. If the
string is released, the stone flies __________.
(a) radially inward (b) radially outward
(c) tangentially forward (d) tangentially backward

5. The radius of gyration of a solid sphere of mass M and radius R rotating about an axis with its
diameter N is
1 2 3 7
(a) .R (b) .R (c) .R (d) .R
2 5 5 5

6. The moment of inertia of a uniform rod of mass M and length L, about an axis passing through a
point, midway between the centre and one end, perpendicular to its length is
48 2 7 1 1
(a) ML (b) ML2 (c) ML2 (d) ML2
7 48 48 16

L2
7. If ‘L’ is the angular momentum and ‘I’ is the moment of inertia of a rotating body, then
2I
represent its
(a) rotational P.E. (b) total energy (c) rotational K.E. (d) translational K.E.

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8. A thin wire of length L and uniform linear mass density  is bent into a circular coil. Moment of
inertia of a the coil about tangential axis in its plane is ______________
3L2 8 2 3L3 8
(a) (b) (c) (d)
8 2 3L3 8 2 3L2

9. The period of a conical pendulum in terms of its length (), semivertical angle () and
acceleration due to gravity (g) is;
1 cos  1 sin  sin  tan 
(a) (b) (c) 4 (d) 4
2 g 2 g 4g g

10. The kinetic energy of a rotating body depends upon

(a) distribution of mass only
(b) angular speed only
(c) distribution of mass and angular speed
(d) angular acceleration only.

11. A particle rotates in U.C.M. with tangential velocity ‘v’ along a horizontal circle of diameter ‘D’.
Total angular displacement of the particle in time ‘t’ is ______________
v vt 2vt
(a) vt (b) D−t (c) (d)
  2D D

12. A body of moment of inertia 5 kgm2 rotating with an angular velocity 6 rad/s has the same
kinetic energy as a mass of 20 kg moving with a velocity of ___________
(a) 5 m/s (b) 4 m/s (c) 3 m/s (d) 2 m/s

13. The difference in tensions in the string at lowest and highest points in the path of the particle of
mass ‘m’ performing vertical circular motion is
(a) 2 mg (b) 4 mg (c) 6 mg (d) 8 mg

14. The body is rotating with uniform angular velocity () having rotational kinetic energy (E). Its
angular momentum (L) is:
2E E2 E E
(a) (b) (c) (d)
  2 2

15. When the angular acceleration of a rotating body is zero, which physical quantity will be equal
to zero?
(a) Angular momentum (b) Moment of inertia
(c) Torque (d) Radius of gyration

16. A body of mass ‘m’ performs uniform circular motion along a circular path of radius ‘r’ with
velocity ‘v’. If its angular momentum is L, then the centripetal force acting on it is ____________.
mL2 L2 L2 L2
(a) (b) (c) (d)
r3 mr mr 2 mr3

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17. If a rigid body of radius ‘R’ starts from rest and rolls down an inclined plane of inclination ‘’
then linear acceleration of body rolling down the plane is __________
gsin   K g sin   K2 
(a) (b) gsin   1 +  (c) (d) gsin   1 + 2 
K  R K2  R 
1+ 1+ 2
R R

18. A particle of mass m performs vertical motion in a circle of radius r. Its potential energy at the
highest point is ________
(g is acceleration due to gravity)
(a) 2 mgr (b) mgr (c) 0 (d) 3 mgr

19. A thin ring has mass 0.25 kg and radius 0.5 m. Its moment of inertia about an axis passing
through its centre and perpendicular to its plane is __________
(a) 0.0625 k gm2 (b) 0.625 kg m2 (c) 6.25 kg m2 (d) 62.5 kg m2

20. The dimensions of angular momentum are ____________.

(a) [L−2 M1 T−1] (b) [L2 M1 T−1] (c) [L1 M2 T1] (d) [L2 M2 T−2]

21. In rotational motion of a rigid body, all particles move with __________.
(a) same linear velocity and same angular velocity
(b) same linear velocity and different angular velocity
(c) different linear velocities and same angular velocities
(d) different linear velocities and different angular velocities

22. When the bob performs a vertical circular motion and the string rotates in a vertical plane, the
difference in the tension in the string at horizontal position and uppermost position is ________
(a) mg (b) 2mg (c) 3mg (d) 6mg

SECTION – II
Subjective Theory Questions
Part-A (1 Marks)

1. Define Centripetal Force. [Pg. 3 → Q.7]

2. Define Centrifugal Force. [Pg. 3 → Q.7]

3. Define uniform circular motion. [Pg. 2 → Q.4]

4. What is the value of tangential acceleration in U.C.M.? at = 0

5. If friction is made zero for a road, can a vehicle move safely on this road? No

6. State the Expression for Period of conical Pendulum. [Pg. 12 → Q.14]

7. Define Moment of Inertia. [Pg. 20 → Q.2]

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8. Define Radius of Gyration. [Pg. 22 → Q.5]

9. State theorem of parallel axes about momentum of inertia. [Pg. 24 → Q.8]

10. State theorem of Perpendicular axes about momentum of inertia. [Pg. 25 → Q.9]

11. State the law of conservation of angular momentum. [Pg. 29 → Q.12]

12. State the moment of inertia [Pg. 38 → Q.12]

(a) Ring (Passing through CoM ⊥r to the plane)
(b) Disc (Passing through CoM ⊥r to the plane)
(c) Hollow Sphere (Along the Diameter)
(d) Solid Sphere (Along the Diameter)
(e) Thin Rod (Passing through CoM ⊥r to the length)

Part-B (2 Marks)

13. Explain the concept of centripetal force. [Pg. 3 → Q.7]

14. Distinguish between centripetal force and centrifugal force. [Refer Pg. 3 → Q.7]

15. Define moment of inertia of a rotating rigid body. State its SI unit and dimensions.
[Pg. 20 → Q.2]

16. State an expression for the moment of inertia of a solid uniform disc, rotating about an axis
passing through its centre, perpendicular to its plane.

17. Define U.C.M., Name the forces acting on a body executing nonuniform circular motion.
[Pg. 2 → Q.4]

18. Draw a diagram showing all components of forces acting on a vehicle moving on a curved
banked road [Pg. 8 → Q.12]

19. Draw a neat labelled diagram of conical pendulum. State the expression for its periodic time
in terms of length. [Pg. 12 → Q.14]

20. Explain the physical significance of radius of gyration. [Pg. 23 → Q.6]

21. State the law of conservation of angular momentum and explain with a suitable example. (two
appropriate examples) [Pg. 29 → Q.12]

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Part-C (3 Marks)

22. State and prove theorem of parallel axes. [Pg. 24 → Q.8]

23. Draw a diagram showing all components of forces acting on a vehicle moving on a curved
banked road. Write the necessary equation for maximum safety speed and state the
significance of each term involved in it. [Pg. 8 → Q.12]

24. Define radius of gyration. Write its physical significance. [Pg. 22 → Q.5,6]

25. Derive an expression for the kinetic energy of a body rotating with a uniform angular speed.
[Pg. 19 → Q.1]

26. State and prove the principle of perpendicular axes. [Pg. 25 → Q.9]

27. Show that the kinetic energy of a rotating body about a given axis is equal to 1 L, where L is
2
angular momentum and is angular velocity. [Pg. 19 → Q.1]

28. Obtain an expression for torque acting on a rotating body with constant angular acceleration.
Hence state the dimensions and SI unit of torque. [Pg. 27 → Q.11]

29. Derive an expression for period of a conical pendulum. [Pg. 12 → Q.14]

v2
30. For a conical pendulum prove that tan  = [Pg. 12 → Q.14]
rg

31. Obtain an expression for maximum speed with which a vehicle can be driven safely on a
banked road. Show that the safely speed limit is independent of the mass of the vehicle.
[Pg. 8 → Q.12]

32. A particle of mass m, just completes the vertical circular motion. Derive the expression for the
difference in tensions at the highest and the lowest points. [Pg. 14 → Q.16]

33. Derive expressions for linear velocity a lowest position, midway position and the top-most
position for a particle revolving in a vertical circle, if it has to just complete circular motion
without string slackening at top. [Pg. 14 → Q.16]

34. State and prove principle of conservation of angular momentum. [Pg. 29 → Q.12]

35. Derive an expression for kinetic energy, when a rigid body is rolling on a horizontal surface
without slipping. Hence find kinetic energy for a solid sphere.
OR
1  K2 
Obtain an expression for total kinetic energy of a rolling body in the form MV 2 1 + 2  .
2  R 
[Pg. 30 → Q.14]

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SECTION – 3
Subjective Numerical Question
Part-A (2 Marks)

1. A car of mass 1500 kg rounds a curve of radius 250 m at 90 km/hour. Calculate the centripetal
force acting on it. [Ans: FCP = 3750N]

2. A racing car completes 5 rounds of a circular track in 2 minutes. Find the radius of the track if
the car has uniform centripetal acceleration of ² m/s². [Ans: r = 144m]

3. A stone of mass 1 kg is whirled in horizontal circle attached at the end of a 1 m long string. If the
string makes an angle of 30° with vertical, calculate the centripetal force acting on the stone.
(g = 9.8 m/s²). [Ans: FCP = 5.658N]

4. A coin kept at a distance of 5 cm from the centre of a turntable of radius 1.5 m just begins to slip
when the turntable rotates at a speed of 90 r.p.m. Calculate the coefficient of static friction
between the coin and the turntable. [g = 9.8 m/s²]. [Ans: s = 0.4527]

5. The frequency of revolution of a particle performing circular motion changes from 60 r.p.m. to
180 r.p.m. in 20 seconds. Calculate the angular acceleration of the particle. (π = 3.142)
[Ans:  = 0.6284 rad/s2]

6. Find the frequency of revolution of a round disco stage revolving with an angular speed. of 300
degree/second. [Ans: n = 5/6 Hz]

7. A stone of mass 2 kg is whirled in a horizontal circle attached at the end of 1.5 m long string. If
the string makes an angle of 30° with vertical, compute its period. (g = 9.8 m/s²)
[Ans: T = 2.29s]

8. A vehicle is moving on a circular track whose surface is inclined towards the horizon at an angle
of 10°. The maximum velocity with which it can move safely is 36 km/hr. Calculate the length of
the circular track. [Ans: 2r = 363.7m]

9. A small body of mass 0.3 kg oscillates in vertical plane with the help of a string 0.5 m long with
a constant speed of 2 m/s. It makes an angle of 60° with the vertical. Calculate tension in the
string (g = 9.8 m/s²). [Ans: TMAX = 3.87N]

10. A flat curve on a highway has a radius of curvature 400 m. A car goes around a curve at a speed
of 32 m/s. What is the minimum value of coefficient of friction that will prevent the car from
sliding? (g = 9.8 m/s²) [Ans:  = 0.2611]

11. A car rounds a curve of radius 625 m with a speed of 45 m/s. What is the minimum value of
coefficient of friction which prevents the car from sliding? [Ans:  = 0.33]

12. An object of mass 1 kg is tied to one end of a string of length 9 m and whirled in a vertical circle.
What is the minimum speed required at the lowest position to complete a circle?
[Ans: VL = 21 m/s]

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13. A solid cylinder of uniform density of radius 2 cm has mass of 50 g. If its length is 12 cm,
calculate its moment of inertia about an axis passing through its centre and perpendicular to its
length. [Ans: I = 6.5  10–5 Kg m2]

14. The radius of gyration of a body about an axis, at a distance of 0.4 m from its centre of mass is
0.5 m. Find its radius of gyration about a parallel axis passing through its centre of mass.
[Ans: KC = 0.3 m]
15. Find the radius of gyration of a rod of length 3 m about its transverse axis passing through its
one end. [Ans: K = 3m ]

16. The M.I. of solid sphere about an axis passing through its centre is 2 kg-m². Calculate its M.I.
about a tangent passing through any point on its surface. [Ans: I = 7 kg m2]

17. Calculate the moment of inertia of a uniform disc of mass 10 kg and radius 60 cm about an axis
perpendicular to its length and passing through its centre. [Ans: I = 1.8 kg m2]

18. A torque of 1500 Nm acting on a body produces an angular acceleration of 3.2 rad/s². Find M.I.
of the body. [Ans: I = 468.79 kg m2]

19. A torque of magnitude 1000 N m acting on a body produces an angular acceleration of 2 rad/s²
Calculate the moment of inertia of the body. [Ans: I = 500 kg m2]

20. A wheel of moment of inertia 1 kg m2 is rotating at a speed of 30 rad/s. Due to friction on the
axis, it comes to rest in 10 minutes. Calculate the average torque of the friction.
[Ans:  = – 0.05 Nm]

21. A solid sphere of mass 1 kg rolls on a table with linear speed 2 m/s, find its total kinetic energy.
[Ans: E = 2.8 J]
22. An automobile engine develops 62.84 kW while rptatomg at a speed pf 1200 rpm. What torque
does it deliver? [Ans:  = 500 Nm]

Part-B (3 Marks)

23. An object of mass 2 kg attached to wire of length 5 m is revolved in a horizontal circle. If it

makes 60 r.p.m. Find its
i. angular speed
ii. linear speed
iii. centripetal acceleration
iv. centripetal force
[Ans: W = 6.284 rad/s; v = 31.42 m/s; CP = 197.44 m/s2; FCP = 394.88 N]

24. The spin dryer of a washing machine rotating at 15 r.p.s. slows down to 5 r.p.s. after making 50
revolutions. Find its angular acceleration. [Ans:  = – 12.56 rad/s2]

25. In a conical pendulum, a string of length 120 cm is fixed at rigid support and carries a mass of
150 g at its free end. If the mass is revolved in a horizontal circle of radius 0.2 m around a
vertical axis, calculate tension in the string. (g = 9.8 m/s 2) [Ans: T = 1.491N]

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26. A metre-gauge train is moving at 72 km/hr along a curved rail-way of radius of curvature 500
m at a certain place. Find the elevation of the outer rail above the inner rail so that there is no
side pressure on the rail. (g-9.8 m/s) [Ans: h = 8 cm]

27. A stone of mass 5 kg, tied to one end of a rope of length 0.8 m, is whirled in a vertical circle. Find
the minimum velocity at the highest point and at the midway point. [g = 9.8 m/s 2]
[Ans: VH = 2.8 m/s; VM = 4.85 m/s]

28. A stone of mass 100 g attached to a string of length 50 cm is whirled in a vertical circle by giving
velocity at lowest point as 7 m/s. Find the velocity at the highest point. [Acceleration due to
gravity = 9.8 m/s²] [Ans: VH = 5.422 m/s]

29. In a Circus, a motor-cyclist having mass of 50 kg moves in a spherical cage of radius 3 m.

Calculate the least velocity with which he must pass the highest point without losing contact.
Also calculate his angular speed at the highest point. [Ans: VH = 5.42 m/s;  = 1.8 rad/s]

30. Energy of 1000 J is spent to increase the angular speed of a wheel from 20 rad/s to 30 rad/s.
Calculate the moment of inertia of the wheel. [Ans: I = 0.1013 kg m2]

31. A uniform solid sphere has a radius 0.1 m and density 6 × 10 3 kg/m³. Find its moment of inertia
about a tangent to its surface. [Ans: It = 0.3517 kgm2]

32. A uniform solid sphere has radius 0.2 m and density 8 x 10 kg/m'. Find the moment of inertia
about the tangent to its surface. (n = 3.142) [Ans: I = 15.01 kgm2]

33. A wheel of moment of inertia 1 kg m2 is rotating at a speed of 40 rad/s. Due to friction on the
axis, the wheel comes to rest in 10 minutes. Calculate the angular momentum of the wheel, two
minutes before it comes to rest. [Ans: L = 8 kg m2/s]

34. A body starts rotating from rest. Due to a couple of 20 Nm it completes 60 revolutions in one
minute. Find the moment of inertia of the body. [Ans: J = 95.48 kg m2]

35. A solid sphere of diameter 50 cm and mass 25 kg rotates about an axis through its centre.
Calculate its moment of inertia. If its angular velocity changes from 2 rad/s to 12 rad/s in 5
seconds, calculate the torque applied. [Ans: I = 0625 kgm2,  = 1.25 N]
[Ans: ]
36. A horizontal disc is freely rotating about a transverse axis passing through its centre at the rate
of 100 revolutions per minute. A 20 gram blob of wax falls on the disc and sticks to the disc at a
distance of 5 cm from its axis. Moment of inertia of the disc about its axis passing through its
centre of mass is 2  10−4 kg m2. Calculate the new frequency of rotation of the disc.
4
[Ans: n2 = rps ]
3

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2. Mechanical Properties of Fluids

SECTION - 1

1. Absorption of water by filter paper is due to _________________

(a) cohesion (b) capillarity (c) adhesion (d) elasticity

2. 'n' droplets of equal size of radius r coalesce to form a bigger drop of radius R. The
energy liberated is equal to (T = Surface tension of water)
 1   1   2   2 
(a) 4R 2T n 3 − 1 (b) 4r 2T n 3 − 1  (c) 4R 2T n 3 − 1 (d) 4r 2T n 3 − 1
       

3. A big drop of radius R is formed from 1000 droplets of water. The radius of a droplet will
be
R R R
(a) 10 R (b) (c) (d)
10 100 1000

4. In which of the following substances, surface tension increases with increase in

temperature?
(a) Copper (b) Molten copper (c) Iron (d) Molten iron

5. Angle of contact for the pair of pure water with clean glass is
(a) acute (b) obtuse (c) 90 (d) 0°

6. If two capillary tubes of different diameters are partially dipped in the same liquid
vertically, then the rise of liquid
(a) is same in both the tubes. (b) is more in the tube of larger diameter
(c) will not be in smaller diameter tube. (d) is more in the tube of smaller diameter.

7. 1000 tiny mercury droplets coalesce to form a bigger drop. In this process, temperature
of the drop
(a) increases (b) may increase or decrease
(c) decreases (d) does not change

8. A rectangular film of a liquid is 5 cm long and 4 cm wide. If the work done in increasing
its area to 7 cm x 5 cm is 0.06 J, the surface tension of the solution is:
(a) 0.02 J/m² (b) 0.2 J/m² (c) 2 J/m² (d) 20 J/m²

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9. When a sparingly soluble substance like alcohol is dissolved in water, surface tension of
water
(a) increases (b) decreases
(c) remains constant (d) becomes infinite

10. Two droplets coalesce in a single drop process

(a) energy is liberated (b) energy is absorbed
(c) energy does not change (d) some mass is converted into energy

11. A liquid rises in glass capillary tube upto at height of 2.5 cm at room temperature. If
another glass capillary tube having radius half that of the earlier tube is immersed in the
same liquid, the rise of liquid in it will be
(a) 1.25 cm (b) 2.5 cm (c) 5 cm (d) 10 cm

12. Raindrop are spherical in shape because of

(a) Surface Tension (b) Capillarity
(c) Downward Motion (d) Acceleration due to gravity

13. If ‘’ represents the angle of contact made by a liquid which completely wets the surface
of the container then ___________.
  
(a)  = 0 (b) 0 <  < (c)  = (d) <<
2 2 2
14. The molecules on the surface of liquid have ______
(a) minimum kinetic energy (b) minimum potential energy
(c) maximum kinetic energy (d) maximum potential energy.

15. The dimensional formula of surface tension is _____.

(a) [L−1M1T−2] (b) [L2M1T−2] (c) [L1M1T−1] (d) [L0M1T−2]

SECTION – 2
Subjective Theory Question
Part-A (2 Marks)
1. Define sphere of influence [Pg.73-Q.3(ii)]
2. Define angle of contact [Pg.79-Q.13]
3. state any 'two' characteristics of Angle of Contact [Pg.79-Q.13]
4. Define surface tension. [Pg.75-Q.6]
5. Define Surface Energy [Pg.76-Q.9]
6. Define surface tension. State its S.I. unit and dimensions. [Pg.75-Q.6]

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7. Draw a neat labelled diagram of rise of liquid in capillary tube showing different components of
tension (force). [Pg.89-Q.24]
OR
Draw a neat labelled diagram showing forces acting on the meniscus of water in a capillary
tube.
OR
Draw a neat diagram for the rise of liquid in a capillary tube showing the components of a
surface tension.

8. Draw a neat, labelled diagram for a liquid surface in contact with a solid, when the angle of
contact is acute. [Pg.80-Q.14 Case-I]
9. What is capillarity? State any ‘two’ uses of capillarity. [Pg.86-Q.20]
OR
What is capillarity? Give any 'two' applications of capillarity.
10. State the formula for critical velocity in terms of Reynold's number for a flow of a fluid.
[Pg.61-Q.14]
11. Define coefficient of viscosity. State its formula and S.I. Units. [Pg.64-Q.19]
12. What is mixed with water to wash clothes?
Ans: Surfacetant (Deterent powder]
13. At what temperature the surface tension of a liquid becomes zero? [Pg.84-Q.17]

Part-B (3 Marks)

14. On the basis of molecular theory explain the phenomenon of surface tension. [Pg.74-Q.5]
15. Explain the effect of impurity on surface tension.
16. Obtain the relation between surface energy & Surface Tension [Pg.76-Q.7]
OR
Show that the surface tension of a liquid is numerically equal to the surface energy per unit
area.
OR
Derive the relation between surface tension and surface energy per unit area.
17. Explain the rise of liquid in the capillary on the basis of pressure difference. [Pg.88-Q.22]
18. Derive Laplace's law for a spherical membrane. [Pg.85-Q.19]
OR
Derive Laplace's law for spherical membrane of bubble due to surface tension.
OR
Derive an expression for excess pressure Sort inside a drop of liquid.
19. Obtain an expression for the rise of a liquid in a capillary tube. [Pg.88-Q.24]
OR
Derive an expression for height of liquid column when a capillary tube is vertically dipped in a
liquid.
20. Derive an expression for terminal velocity of a spherical object falling under gravity through a
viscous medium. [Pg.65-Q.22]
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SECTION – 3
Subjective numerical Question
Part-A (2 Marks)
1. A soap bubble of radius 12 cm is blown. Surface tension of soap solution is 30 dyne/cm.
Calculate the work done in blowing the soap bubble.
Ans: 1.085  10−2 J
2. Water rises to a height 3.2 cm in a glass capillary tube. Find the height to which the same water
will rise in another glass capillary having half area of cross section.
Ans: 4.525 cm
3. A raindrop of diameter 4 mm is about to fall on the ground. Calculate the pressure inside the
raindrop. [Surface tension of water T = 0.072 N/m, atmospheric pressure = 1.013 × 10 5 N/m²]
Ans: 1.01372  105 Pa
4. The energy of the free surface of a liquid drop is 5 times the surface tension of the liquid. Find
the diameter of the drop in C.G.S. system.
Ans: 2.236 cm
5. The total free surface energy of a liquid drop is  2 times the surface tension of the liquid.
Calculate the diameter of the drop in S.I. unit.
Ans: 1.1892 m
6. Two soap bubbles have radii in the ratio 4 : 3. What is the ratio of work done to blow these
bubbles?
Ans: 16 : 9
7. Calculate the work done in increasing the radius of a soap bubble in air from 1 cm to 2 cm. The
surface tension of soap solution is 30 dyne/cm. ( = 3.142)
Ans: 2.26  103 erg
8. A rod of length 4 cm is movable on a rectangular frame of wire. A film is formed in the frame. A
force of 3.2 × 10−3 N is applied to the rod for its equilibrium. Find the surface tension of the
liquid.
Ans: 0.04 N/m

9. Find the difference of pressure between inside and outside of a spherical water drop of radius 2
mm, if surface tension of water is 73  10−3 N/m.
Ans: 73 N/m2

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Part-B (3 Marks)
10. The total energy of free surface of a liquid drop is 2 times the surface tension of the liquid.
What is the diameter of the drop? (Assume all terms in SI unit).
Ans: 1.414 m
11. Calculate the work done when a spherical drop of mercury of radius 2 mm, falls from some
height and breaks into a million droplets, each of the same size. The surface tension of mercury
is T = 0.5 N/m.
Ans: The work done when a spherical drop of mercury falls from some height and breaks into
a millions is 2.488  10−3 J
12. Calculate the density of paraffin oil, if a glass capillary of diameter 0.25 mm dipped in paraffin
oil of the surface tension 0.0245 N/m rises to a height of 4 cm. [Angle of contact of paraffin oil
with glass is 28° and g = 9.8 m/s²]
Ans: 882.8 Kg/m3
13. A horizontal circular loop of a wire of radius 0.02 m is lowered into crude oil and a film is
formed. The force due to the surface tension of the liquid is 0.0113N. Calculate the surface
tension of the crude oil. ( = 3.142)
Ans: 0.04495 N/m
14. Calculate the work done in blowing a soap bubble of radius 0.1 m. (Surface tension of soap
dyne
solution = 30 )
cm
Ans: 7.542  10-3 J
15. Eight droplets of water each of radius 0.2 mm coalesce into a single drop. Find the decrease in
the surface area
Ans: 2.011  10−6 m2
16. Calculate the work done in blowing a soap bubble to a radius of 1 cm The surface tension of
soap solution is 2.5  10−2 N/m
Ans: 6.275  10−5 J
21. Diameter of a water drop is 0.6 mm. Calculate the pressure inside a liquid drop.
(T = 72 dyne/cm, atmospheric pressure = 1.013  105 N/m2)
Ans: Pin = 1.0178  105 N/m2

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3. Kinetic Theory of Gases and Radiation

SECTION - 1
1. The average distance covered by a molecule between two successive collision is
(a) free path (b) constant path (c) mean free path (d) free path per unit time.

2. The amount of energy radiated per second by a body does not depend upon
(a) nature of surface (b) area of surface
(c) mass of the body
(d) temperature difference of the surface and surroundings

3. The SI unit of emissive power is

(a) watt/m2 (b) watt.m2 (c) watt/m².K (d) watt.m²/K

4. The r.m.s. velocity of the molecules moving with velocities 2 m/s, 4 m/s and 6 m/s is
(a) 2.8 m/s (b) 3 m/s (c) 3.8 m/s (d) 4.33 m/s

5. The light from the Sun is found to have a maximum intensity near the wavelength of 470
nm. Assuming the surface of the Sun as a black body, the temperature of the Sun is
(Wien's constant b = 2.898  10−3 mK)
(a) 5800 K (b) 6050 K (c) 6166 K (d) 6500 K

6. The substance which allows heat radiations to pass through is

(a) iron (b) water vapour (c) wood (d) dry air

7. The co-efficient of reflection of an opaque body is 0.16. Its co-efficient of emission is

(a) 0.94 (b) 0.84 (c) 0.74 (d) 0.64

8. Two copper spheres of radii 6 cm and 12 cm respectively are suspended in an evacuated

enclosure. Each of them are at a temperature 15 °C above the surroundings. The ratio of
their rate of loss of heat is
(a) 2 : 1 (b) 1 : 4 (c) 1 : 8 (d) 8 : 1

2E
9. The pressure (P) of an ideal gas having volume (V) is , then the energy E is
3V
(a) translational kinetic (b) rotational kinetic
(c) vibrational kinetic (d) inversely proportional to pressure

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10. The dimensions of emissive power are

(a) [M1L−2T−3] (b) [M1L2T−3] (c) [M1L0T−3] (d) [M1L0T−2]

CP
11. For polyatomic molecules having f vibrational modes, the ratio of two specific heats,
CV
is
1+f 2+ f 4+f 5+ f
(a) (b) (c) (d)
2+ f 3+ f 3+ f 4+f

12. Two gases exert pressure in the ratio 3 : 2 and their densities are in the ratio 2 : 3, then
the ratio of their R.M.S. velocities is
(a) 2 : 3 (b) 3 : 2 (c) 2 : 1 (d) 1 : 2

13. If the pressure of an ideal gas decreases by 10% isothermally, then its volume will
(a) decrease by 9% (b) increase by 7%
(c) increase by 10% (d) increase by 11.4%

14. Find the wavelength at which a black body radiates maximum if its temperature is
427°C. (Wien's constant b = 2.898  10−3 mK)
(a) 0.0414  10−6 m (b) 4.14  10−6 m
(c) 41.4  10−6 m (d) 414  10−6 m

15. If the total kinetic energy per unit volume of gas enclosed in a container is E, the
pressure exerted by the gas is
3 2
(a) E (b) E (c) 3E (d) E
2 3

16. The kinetic energy per molecule of a gas at temperature T is

3 3 2  3  RT 
(a)   RT (b)   K BT (c)   RT (d)  2  M 
2 2 3   

17. The number of degrees of freedom for a rigid diatomic molecule is

(a) 3 (b) 5 (c) 6 (d) 7

18. The specific heat capacity of water is

7 9
(a) 8R (b) R (c) 9R (d) R
8 7

19. If the kinetic energy of hydrogen is 151.91 J at the pressure of 1 atmosphere, then its
volume is
(a) 3 litre (b) 2 litre (c) 1 litre (d) 0.5 litre

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20. The root mean square speed of the molecules of a gas is proportional to
(T = Absolute temperature of gas)
1 1
(a) T (b) (c) T (d)
T T

21. If ‘n’ is the number of molecules per unit volume and ‘d’ is the diameter of the molecules,
the mean free path ‘’ of molecules is
2 1 1 1
(a) (b) (c) (d)
nd 2nd2 2nd2 2nd

22. If coefficient of emission is ‘e’ for a perfectly black body and coefficient of transmission is
‘t’ then _________.
(a) e = 0, t = 1 (b) e = 1, t = 1 (c) e = 0, t = 0 (d) e = 1, t = 0

23. The ratio of emissive power of a perfect black body at 927C and 327C is ______.
(a) 2 : 1 (b) 4 : 1 (c) 8 : 1 (d) 16 : 1

24. Which of the following materials belongs to diathermanous substance?

(a) wood (b) iron (c) glass (d) copper

SECTION – 2
Subjective Theory Question
Part-A (2 Marks)

1. State Boyle's law. [Pg.106-Q.1]

2. State Boyle's law. On the basis of kinetic theory of gases, obtain an expression for kinetic energy
per unit volume of gas. [Pg.112-Q.11]

3. On the basis of the kinetic theory of gases, derive an expression for the pressure exerted by a
gas.
OR
Deduce Boyle's law on the basis of kinetic theory of gases. [Pg.112-Q.11]

4. What is perfectly black body? [Pg.122-Q.6]

5. Draw a neat labelled diagram for Ferry's perfectly blackbody.

6. What is perfectly black body? Draw a neat labelled diagram of artificial perfectly black body.
[Pg.122-Q.6, 7]
7. Explain Ferry's perfectly blackbody. [Pg.122-Q.7]

8. Define Kirchoff’s law of radiation. [Pg.123-Q.10]

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9. Prove the Kirchoff’s law of radiation theoretically. [Pg.123-Q.10]

10. Define Coefficient of absorption. [Pg.120-Q.2]

11. Define Coefficient of reflection. [Pg.123-Q.10]

12. Define Coefficient of transmission. [Pg.123-Q.10]

13. Represent graphically energy distribution of a black body against wavelength at various
temperatures. [Pg.125-Q.11]
OR
Show graphical representation of energy distribution spectrum of perfectly blackbody.

14. State Wien's displacement law. [Pg.126-Q.13]

15. Explain energy distribution spectrum of a black body radiation in terms of wavelength.
[Pg.126-Q.12]

16. Find kinetic energy of 2 litre of an ideal ga at S.T.P. [Pg.126-Q.12]

Part-B (3 Marks)

17. Define [Pg.120-Q.2]

a. Coefficient of absorption
b. Coefficient of reflection
c. Coefficient of transmission.

18. With a neat and labelled diagram, explain Ferry's perfectly blackbody. [Pg.122-Q.7]

19. What is perfectly blackbody? Explain Ferry's perfectly blackbody. [Pg.122-Q.7]

20. Derive an expression for a pressure exerted by a gas on the basis of kinetic theory of gases.
[Pg.112-Q.11]
21. State and prove the Kirchhoff's law of radiation theoretically. [Pg.123-Q.10]

22. Explain blackbody radiation spectrum in terms of wavelength. [Pg.125-Q.11]

OR
Explain energy distribution spectrum of a black body radiation in terms of wavelength.

23. Prove that root mean square velocity of gas molecule is directly proportional to the square root
of its absolute temperature. [Pg.111-Q.7, 8 (refer)]
OR
Show that r.m.s. velocity of a gas molecule is directly proportional to square of the absolute
temperature of the gas.
OR
Assuming the expression for pressure of an ideal gas, show that R.M.S. velocity of gas molecule
is directly proportional to the square root of its absolute temperature.

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24. On the basis of kinetic theory of gases obtain an expression for pressure exerted by gas
molecules enclosed in a container on its walls [Pg.108-Q.6]
OR
Derive an expression for a pressure exerted by a gas on the basis of kinetic theory of gases

25. Show that average energy per molecule is directly proportional to the absolute temperature ‘T’
of the gas. [Pg.111-Q.10]

26. Deduce an expression for molar specific heat of a monoatomic gas at constant volume.
Find kinetic energy of 4000 (c) of a gas at S.T.P.
[Given: Standard pressure is 1.013  105 N/m2] [Ans: KE = 607.8J]

R
27. Prove the Mayer’s relation : Cp − Cv = [Pg.115-Q.15]
J
28. Calculate the energy radiated in one minute by a perfectly black body of surface area 200 cm 2
when it is maintained at 127C. [Ans: 875.5J]

29. State and prove Kirchhoff’s law of heat radiation. [Pg.123-Q.10]

SECTION – 3
Subjective numerical Question
Part-A (2 Marks)

1. The velocities of three molecules of a gas are 2m/s, 3m/s and 4m/s respectively. Find the mean
velocity and R.M.S. velocity of molecules.
Ans. 3 m/s and 3.109 m/s

2. Calculate the kinetic energy of 10 grams of Argon molecules at 127 °C. [Universal gas constant R
= 8320 J/k mole K, Atomic weight of Argon = 40]
Ans. 1248 J

3. At what temperature will average kinetic energy of gas be exactly half of its value at N.T.P.?
Ans. 136.5 K

4.
The difference between the two molar specific heats of a gas is 9000 J/kg K. If the ratio of the
two specific heats is 1.5, calculate the two molar specific heats.
Ans. 1.8  104 J/kg K and 2.7  104 J/kg K

5.
A pinhole is made in a hollow sphere of radius 5 cm whose inner wall is at temperature 727 °C. Find
the power radiated per unit area. [Stefan's constant σ = 5.7 × 10−8J/m2s K4, emissivity (e) = 0.2]
Ans. 1.14  104 watt/m2

6. Calculate the energy radiated in half a minute by a black body of surface area 200 cm 2 at 127C
Ans. Energy radiated in 1 minute is 875.5 J

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Part-B (3 Marks)

7. Compute the temperature at which the r.m.s. speed of nitrogen molecules is 832 m/s.
[Universal gas constant, R = 8320 J/k mole K, molecular weight of nitrogen = 28.]
Ans. 776.6 K or 503.06 C

8.
The kinetic energy of nitrogen per unit mass at 300 K is 2.5 × 10 6 J/Kg. Find the kinetic energy
of 4 kg oxygen at 600 K. [Molecular weight of nitrogen = 28, Molecular weight of oxygen = 32]
Ans. 17.5  106 J

9. Calculate the average molecular kinetic energy:

i. per kilomole,
ii. per kilogram, of oxygen at 27 °C.
[R = 8320 J/k mole K, Avogadro's number = 6.03  1026 molecules/k mole]
Ans. i. 3.744  106 J ii. 1.17  105 J

10. Compare the rate of loss of heat from a metal sphere at 827C with rate of loss of heat from the
same at 427C, if the temperature of surrounding is 27C.
Ans. The ratio of rate of loss of heat R1 : R2 is 182 : 29.

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4. Thermodynamics

SECTION - 1

1. The first law of thermodynamics is concerned with the conservation of ____________.

(a) Momentum (b) Energy (c) temperature (d) Mass

2. The first law of thermodynamics is consistent with the law of conservation of __________.
(a) momentum (b) energy (c) mass (d) velocity

3. A graph of pressure versus volume for an ideal gas for different processes is as shown. In
the graph curve OA represents ____________.

(a) isochoric process (b) isothermal process

(c) isobaric process (d) adiabatic process

SECTION – 2
Subjective Theory Question
Part-A (2 Marks)
1. State first law of thermodynamics. [Pg. 4- Q.7]
2. What is mechanical equilibrium?
Ans: For a system to be in thermal equilibrium, the temperature of the system should be uniform
throughout and it should not change with time.
A system when in thermal equilibrium is described in terms of state variables.

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3. What is thermal equilibrium?

Ans: For a system to be in mechanical equilibrium, there should not be any unbalanced forces acting
within the system and between the system and its surrounding.
Also, the pressure in the system should be same throughout the system and should not change
with time.
4. What is a thermodynamic process? Give any two types of it.
5. What is Isobaric process? [Pg. 7- Q.14]
6. What is Isochoric process? [Pg. 7- Q.15]
7. What is isothermal process? [Pg. 6- Q.11]
8. What is adiabatic process? [Pg. 8- Q.17]
9. In which thermodynamic process the total internal energy of system remains constant?
[Pg. 6- Q.11]
Part-B (3 Marks)
10. State zeroth law of thermodynamics. What are the limitations of first law of the
thermodynamics? [Pg. 12- Q.29]
11. Derive an expression for the work done during an isothermal process. [Pg. 6- Q.12]

SECTION – 3
Subjective numerical Question
Part-A (2 Marks)
1. The initial pressure and volume of a gas enclosed in a cylinder are 2  105 N/m2 and 6  10−3 m3
respectively. If the work done in 6  10−3 m3 respectively. If the work done in compressing the
gas at constant pressure is 150 J, find the final volume of the gas.
Ans. U = 5.25  10−3 m3
2. 104 J of work is done on certain volume of gas. If the gas releases 125 kJ of heat, calculate the
change in internal energy of the gas.
Ans: U = 21 KJ
Part-B (3 Marks)
3. An ideal mono-atomic gas is adiabatically compressed so that its final temperature is twice its
initial temperature. Calculate the ratio of final pressure to its initial pressure.
P2
Ans: = 5.656
P1

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5. OSCILLATION

SECTION - 1

1. The total work done by a restoring force in simple harmonic motion of amplitude A and
angular speed co, in one oscillation is ___________
1 1
(a) mA22 (b) zero (c) mA22 (d) mA 
2 2

2. An amplitude of a simple pendulum of a period T and length L in increased by 5%. The

new period of that pendulum will be _________.
T T T
(a) (b) (c) (d) T
8 4 2

3. The motion of a simple pendulum is _____.

(a) oscillatory but not periodic (b) periodic but not oscillatory
(c) neither periodic nor oscillatory (d) periodic as well as oscillatory

4. The maximum velocity of a particle performing linear S.H.M. is 0.32 m/s and its
maximum acceleration is 2.56 m/s2, the amplitude of S.H.M. is
(a) 0.02 m (b) 0.03 m (c) 0.04 m (d) 0.05 m

5. Two particles perform linear simple harmonic motion along the same path of length 2A
and period T as shown in the graph below. The phase difference between them is

  3
(a) zero rad (b) rad (c) rad (d) rad
4 2 4

6. A particle executing linear S.H.M. has velocities v1 and v2 at distances x1 and x2

respectively from the mean position. The angular velocity of the particle is
x12 − x 22 v 22 − v 12 x12 + x 22 v 22 + v12
(a) (b) (c) (d)
v 22 − v 12 x12 − x 22 v 22 + v12 x 22 + x12

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7. The phase difference between displacement and acceleration of a particle performing

S.H.M. is
 3
(a) rad (b)  rad (c) 2 rad (d) rad
2 2

8. The average displacement over a period of S.H.M. is (A = amplitude of S.H.M.)

(a) 0 (b) A (c) 2A (d) 4A

9. If the metal bob of a simple pendulum is replaced by a wooden bob of the same size, then
its time period will ________.
(a) increase (b) remain same
(c) decrease (d) first increase and then decrease

10. A seconds pendulum is suspended in an elevator moving with constant speed in

downward direction. The periodic pendulum is time (T) of that pendulum is
(a) two seconds (b) equal to two seconds
(c) greater than two seconds (d) very much greater than two seconds

11. Two springs of force constants K1 and K2 (K1 > K₂) are stretched by same force. If W1 and
W₂ be the work done stretching the springs then ______________
(a) W1 = W₂ (b) W1 < W₂ (c) W₁> W₂ (d) W₁ = W₂ = 0

12. In a damped harmonic oscillator, periodic oscillations have __________ amplitude.

(a) gradually increasing amplitude (b) suddenly increasing
(c) suddenly decreasing (d) gradually decreasing

13. If the particle starts its motion from mean position, the phase difference between
displacement and acceleration is ______.
 
(a) 2 rad (b) rad (c)  rad (d) rad
2 4

14. In simple harmonic motion, acceleration of the particle is zero, when its
(a) velocity is zero
(b) displacement is zero
(c) both velocity and displacement are zero
(d) both velocity and displacement are maximum

15. The equation of a simple harmonic progressive wave travelling on a string is y= 8 sin
(0.02x − 4t) cm. The speed of the wave is ___
(a) 10 cm/s (b) 20 cm/s (c) 100 cm/s (d) 200 cm/s

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SECTION – 2
Subjective Theory Question
Part-A (2 Marks)
1. Define linear S.H.M. [Pg. 25 → Q.6]

2. Define Phase of S.H,M, [Pg. 30 → Q.13]

3. Obtain differential equation of linear S.H.M. [Pg. 25 → Q.7]

4. Represent graphically the [Pg. 36 → Q.21]

a) displacement b) velocity c) acceleration

against time for a particle performing linear S.H.M. when it starts from the mean position.

5. Give graphical representation of S.H.M. when particle starts from the positive extreme position.

OR

Define linear S.H.M. Obtain differential equation of linear S.H.M. [Pg. 39 → Q.22]

6. Represent graphically the variations of K.E., P.E. and T.E. of particle performing linear S.H.M.

with respect to displacement. [Pg. 43 → Q.25]

7. State an expression for K.E. (Kinetic energy) and P.E. (Potential Energy) at displacement ‘x’ for

particle performing linear S.H.M. [Pg. 23 → Q.23 & Q.24]

8. Find the displacement at which K.E. is equal to P.E.

9. Define epoch of S.H.M. State the factors on which the total energy of a particle performing

S.H.M. depends. [Pg. 30 → Q.13]

10. At which position, the total energy of a particle executing linear S.H.M. is purely potential?

[Pg. 44 → Q.25]

11. Define an ideal simple pendulum. [Pg. 48 → Q.29 (i)]

12. Define practical simple pendulum. [Pg. 48 → Q.29 (ii)]

13. Define second’s pendulum. Derive a formula for the length of second’s pendulum. [Pg. 50 → Q.31]

14. Define angular S.H.M. [Pg. 53 → Q.36]

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15. Define angular S.H.M. State its differential equation. [Pg. 52 → Q.35]

16. Define the term ‘damped oscillations’. [Pg. 54 → Q.39]

17. Distinguish between free vibrations and forced vibrations (Two Points) [Pg. 94 → Q.28]

Part-B (3 Marks)
18. State the differential equation of linear simple harmonic motion. Hence obtain the expression
for acceleration, velocity and displacement of a particle performing linear S.H.M.
[Pg. 26 → Q.8, 9, 10]

19. From Differential equation of linear S.H.M., obtain an expression for acceleration, velocity and
displacement of a particle performing S.H.M. [Pg. 25 → Q. 8, 9, 10]

20. Define linear S.H.M.

Show that S.H.M. is a projection of U.C.M. on any diameter. [Pg. 33 → Q.16]

21. Define of S.H.M. [Pg. 39 → Q.22]

Show variation of displacement, velocity and acceleration with phase for a particle performing
linear S.H.M. graphically, when it starts from extreme position.

22. Define linear simple harmonic motion. [Pg. 25 → Q.6]

Assuming the expression for displacement of a particle starting from extreme position, explain
graphically the variation of velocity and acceleration w.r.t. time.

23. Discuss the composition of two S.H.M.’s along the same path having same period. Find the
resultant amplitude and initial phase. [Pg. 46 → Q.27]

24. State an expression for K.E. (Kinetic energy) and P.E. (Potential Energy) at displacement ‘x’ for
particle performing linear S.H.M. Represent them graphically. Find the displacement at which
K.E. is equal to P.E. [Pg. 41 → Q.23, 24, 25]

25. Obtain an expression for potential energy of a particle performing simple harmonic motion.
Hence evaluate the potential energy [Pg. 41 → Q.24]
a. at mean position and
b. at extreme position.

26. Prove the law of conservation of energy for a particle performing simple harmonic motion.
Hence, graphically show the variation of kinetic energy and potential energy w.r.t.
instantaneous displacement. [Pg. 45 → Q.25, 26]

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27. Obtain an expression for potential energy of a particle performing S.H.M. What is the value of
potential energy at (i) Mean position and (ii) Extreme position? [Pg. 43 → Q.24]

28. Define an ideal simple pendulum. Show that, under certain conditions, simple pendulum
performs linear simple harmonic motion [Pg. 48 → Q.29 + Pg. 49 → Q.30]

29. Derive an expression for the period of motion of a simple pendulum. On which factors does it
depend? [Pg. 49 → Q.30]

30. Define practical simple pendulum. [Pg. 48 → Q.29]

Show that motion of bob of pendulum with small amplitude is linear S.H.M. Hence obtain and
expression for its period. What are the factors on which its period depends? [Pg. 49 → Q.30]

31. Define an ideal simple pendulum. Show that the motion of a simple pendulum under certain
condition is simple harmonic. Obtain an expression for its period. [Pg. 49 → Q.30]

32. Define angular S.H.M. and prove that a bar magnet vibrating in uniform magnetic induction
perform uniform angular S.H.M. Obtain an expression for its frequency. [Pg. 53 → Q.36, 38]

33. Define angular S.H.M. State its differential equation. [Pg. 53 → Q.36, 35]

34. Write the differential equation for angular S.H.M. [Pg. 52 → Q.35]

1
35. The displacement of a particle performing simple harmonic motion is rd of its amplitude.
3
What fraction of total energy will be its kinetic energy?

SECTION – 3 Oscillation
Subjective numerical Question
Part-A (2 Marks)

1. A body of mass 1 kg is made to oscillate on a spring of force constant 25  103 dyne/cm.

Calculate the magnitude of angular velocity and frequency of vibrations of the body.
Ans :  = 5 rad/s n = 0.7962 Hz

2.
The maximum velocity of a particle performing linear S.H.M. is 0.16 m/s. If its maximum
acceleration is 0.64 m/s2, calculate its period.
Ans : T = 1.571 s

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3. A simple pendulum of length 1 m has a mass of 10 g and oscillates freely with amplitude 2 cm.
Find its potential energy at extreme position. [g = 9.8 m/s2]
Ans : (PE)x = A = 1.96  10−5 J

4.
A simple pendulum of length 1 m has mass 10 g and oscillates freely with amplitude of 5 cm.
Calculate its potential energy at extreme position.
Ans : (PE)x = A = 2.45  10−4 J

5. The periodic time of a linear harmonic oscillator is 2 second, with maximum displacement of 1

cm. If the particle starts from extreme position, find the displacement of the particle after
3
seconds.
Ans : x = 0.5 cm

6.
A particle performing linear S.H.M. has a period of 6.28 seconds and a path length of 20 cm.
What is the velocity when its displacement is 6 cm from mean position ?
Ans : v = 8 cm/s

Part-B (3 Marks)

7. A particle in S.H.M. has a period of 2 seconds and amplitude of 10 cm. Calculate the acceleration
when it is at 4 cm from its positive extreme position.
Ans :  = 59.23 cm/s2

8. A particle performing linear S.H.M. has maximum velocity of 25 cm/s maximum acceleration of
100 cm/s2. Find the amplitude and period of oscillation.
Ans : T = 1.571 s

9.
A body of mass 1 kg is made to oscillate on a spring of force constant 16 N/m. Calculate
i. angular frequency
ii. frequency of vibrations.
Ans : i. 4 rad/s
ii. n = 0.6365 Hz

10. A mass M attached to a spring oscillates with a period of 2 second. If the mass is increased by 2
kg, the period increases by 1 second. Find the initial mass, assuming that Hooke’s law is obeyed.
Ans : M = 1.6 kg

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   
11. The displacement of a particle performing S.H.M. is given by x = 5sin t + 12sin  t +   cm .
  2 
Determine the amplitude, period and initial phase of the motion.
Ans : A = 13 cm
T = 2 rad/s
 = 67 23

12. A particle execute S.H.M. with a period of 10 seconds. Find the time in which its potential
energy will be half of its total energy.
Ans : t = 1.25 s

13. When the length of a simple pendulum is decreased by 20 cm, the period changes by 10%. Find
the original length of the pendulum.
Ans : L = 1.05 m

14. A clock regulated by seconds pendulum, keeps correct time. During summer, length of
pendulum increases to 1.005 m. How much will the clock gain or lose in one day?
[g = 9.8 m/s2 and  = 3.142]
Ans : T = 518.4 s [Clock will lose in one day]

15. The length of the second’s pendulum in a clock is increased to 4 times its initial length. Calculate
the number of oscillations completed by the new pendulum in one minute.
Ans : N = 15

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6. Superposition of Waves

SECTION - 1

1. In reflection of sound waves from rarer medium, there is phase change of

 
(a) 0 rad (b) rad (c) rad (d)  rad
4 2

2. In open organ pipe, first overtone produced is of such frequency that length of the pipe is
equal to _____________.
(a) /4 (b) /3 (c) /2 (d) 

3. In the equation of a simple harmonic progressive wave of wavelength ‘’, the

propagationconstant is given by
2  
(a) (b)  (c) (d)
  

4. A stretched string of length  vibrates in third overtone, the wavelength of stationary

wave formed is ___
 
(a) (b) (c)  (d) 2
2 4

5. In a simple harmonic progressive wave of amplitude 10 cm, the maximum particle

velocity is two times its wave velocity, then the wavelength of the wave is
(a) 3.14 cm (b) 15.7 cm (c) 31.4 cm (d) 157 cm

6. For two vibrating bodies to be in resonance, which of the following quantity should be
equal?
(a) Wavelength (b) Frequency (c) Amplitude (d) Wave velocity

7. One beat means that the intensity of sound should be

(a) once maximum (b) once minimum
(c) once maximum and once minimum (d) twice maximum and twice minimum

8. A When a transverse wave on a string is reflected from the free end, the phase change
produced is
 
(a) zero rad (b) rad (c) rad (d)  rad
2 4

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9. Let n1 and n2 be the two slightly different frequencies of two sound waves. The time
interval between waxing and immediate next waning is
1 2 n1 − n2 1
(a) (b) (c) (d)
n1 − n 2 n1 − n 2 2 2(n1 − n2 )

10. A pipe open at both ends resonates to a frequency 'n1' and a pipe closed at one end
resonates to a frequency 'n2'. If they are joined to form a pipe closed at one end, then the
fundamental frequency will be
n1 n 2 2n1n2 2n2n1 n2 + 2n1
(a) (b) (c) (d)
2n2 + n1 2n2 + n1 n1 + n2 n1 n 2

11. Let velocity of a sound wave be 'v' and ‘’ be angular velocity. The propagation constant of
wave is
 v  v
(a) (b) (c) (d)
v  v 

12. The value of end correction for an open organ pipe of radius 'r' is
(a) 0.3 r (b) 0.6 r (c) 0.9 r (d) 1.2 r

13. When longitudinal wave is incident at the boundary of denser medium, then
(a) compression reflects as a compression.(b) compression reflects as a rarefaction.
(c) rarefaction reflects as a compression. (d) longitudinal wave reflects as transverse wave.

14. The equation of a progressive wave is y = 7 sin (4t − 0.02x), where x and y are in cms and
time in seconds. The maximum velocity of a particle is _______.
(a) 28 cm/s (b) 32 cm/s (c) 49 cm/s (d) 112 cm/s

15. The fundamental frequency of transverse vibration of a stretched string of radius r is

proportional to
1
−
(a) r−2 (b) r−1 (c) r 2
(d) r2

16. If sound waves are reflected from surface of denser medium, there is phase change of
 
(a) 0 rad (b) rad (c) rad (d)  rad
4 2

17. The working of RADAR is based on

(a) resonance (b) speed of a star (c) Doppler effect (d) speed of rotation of sun

18. A sine wave of wavelength ‘’ is travelling in a medium. What is the minimum distance.
between two particles of the medium which always have the same speed?
  
(a)  (b) (c) (d)
2 3 4

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19. Velocity of transverse wave along a stretched string is proportional to ____________. (T =
tension in the string)
1 1
(a) T (b) T (c) (d)
T T
20. Doppler effect is not applicable when
(a) source and observer are at rest.
(b) there is a relative motion between source in and observer.
(c) both are moving in opposite directions.
(d) both are moving in same direction with different velocities.

21. In stationary wave, the distance between a node and its adjacent antinode is
 
(a)  (b) (c) (d) 2
4 2
22. A wave is travelling in the negative direction of X-axis, then its equation is

TSPH
 t x  x
(a) y = a sin 2  −  (b) y = a sin 2 n  t + 
T   v
 t x 2  x
(c) y = a sin 2  +  (d) y = a sin  t+ 
T  T v

23. If the longitudinal wave travelling in rarer medium is incident on the boundary of denser
medium, then the phase of wave changes by
 
(a) 2 rad (b)  rad (c) rad (d) rad
2 4

24. A standing wave is produced on a string fixed at one end and free at other. The length of
string must be an
 
(a) odd integral multiple of (b) integral multiple of
4 2

(c) integral multiple of  (d) integral multiple of
4

25. Two tuning forks have frequencies 450 Hz and 454 Hz respectively. On sounding these
forks together, the time interval between two successive maximum intensities will be
1 1
(a) s (b) s (c) 1 s (d) 4 s
4 2

26. A sonometer wire vibrates with frequency n1 in air under suitable load of specific gravity
''. When the load is immersed in water, the frequency of vibration of wire n2 will be
 +1  −1  
(a) n1 (b) n1 (c) n1 (d) n1
   +  −

27. A sonometer wire vibrates with three nodes and two antinodes, the corresponding mode
of vibration is
(a) First overtone (b) Second overtone (c) Third overtone (d) Fourth overtone

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SECTION – 1I

Subjective Theory Question

Part-A (2 Marks)

1. Express equation of one dimensional simple harmonic progressive wave travelling in the
direction of positive X-axis in ‘two’ different forms. [Pg. 77 → Q.9]

2. Explain the reflection of transverse waves from a denser medium andrarer medium.
[Pg. 71 → Q.4]
3. Explain the reflection of longitudinal waves from a denser medium and rarer medium.
[Pg. 72 → Q.5]
4. State the principle of superposition of waves. [Pg. 74 → Q.6]

5. Show the formation of stationary wave diagrammatically. [Pg. 88 → Q.23]

6. Draw a neat labelled diagrams of the first two modes of vibrations of string stretched
between two rigid supports [Pg. 89 → Q.24]

7. Draw a neat labelled diagrams of the first two modes of vibrations of an air column open at
both ends [Pg. 101 → Q.35]

8. Draw a neat labelled diagrams of the first two modes of vibrations of an air column in closed
pipe from one end. [Pg. 100 → Q.34]

9. Define end Correction [Pg. 105 → Q.40]

10. Draw neat, labelled diagrams for the modes of vibration of a stretched string in second harmonic
and third harmonic. [Pg. 89 → Q.24]

11. What is meant by harmonics? [Pg. 87 → Q.21]

12. What is overtones? [Pg. 87 → Q.21]

13. What are beats? [Pg. 79 → Q.11]

14. State the point of comparison between progressive waves and stationary waves. [Pg. 86 → Q.18]

15. Distinguish between free vibrations and forced vibrations. [Pg. 94 → Q.29]

Part-B (3 Marks)

1. Explain the formation of stationary waves by analytical method. Show that nodes and antinodes
are equally spaced in a stationary wave. [Pg. 83 → Q.17]
OR
Explain analytically how the stationary waves are formed. Hence show that the distance

between node and adjacent antinode is
4

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2. Explain the formation of stationary waves by analytical method. Show the formation of
stationary wave diagrammatically. [Pg. 83 → Q.17]

3. With a neat labelled diagram show that all harmonics are present in an air column contained in
a pipe open at both the ends. Define end correction. [Pg. 101 → Q. 35, 40]

4. With a neat diagram explain fundamental mode of vibration of an air column in a pipe when,
i. Pipe is open at both ends, [Pg. 99 → Q.33]
ii. pipe is closed at one end. [Pg. 97 → Q.32]
Hence, derive the expression for fundamental frequency in each case.

5. Show that only odd harmonics are present in an air column vibrating in a pipe closed atone end.
[Pg. 100 → Q.34]

6. Show that all harmonics are present on a stretched string between two rigid supports.
[Pg. 89 → Q.24]

7.

8.
fundamental mode.
TSPH
Discuss different modes of vibrations in an air column of a pipe open at both the ends. State the
cause of end correction. Find the end correction for the pipe open at both the ends in
[Pg. 101 → Q.35, 40, 42]

What is meant by harmonics? Show that only odd harmonics are present as overtones in the case
of an air column vibrating in a pipe closed at one end. [Pg. 87 → Q.21, Pg. 100 → Q.34]

9. Show that all harmonics are present in case of an air column vibrating in a pipe open at both ends.
OR [Pg. 101 → Q.35]
Show that even as well as odd harmonics are present as overtones in the case of an air
column vibrating in a pipe open at both the ends.

10. What are harmonics and overtones (Two points)? [Pg. 87 → Q.21 → 1 + 2]

11. Prove that the frequency of beats is equal to the difference between the frequencies of the two
sound notes giving rise to beats.
OR [Pg. 80 → Q.12]
Show that beats frequency is equal to frequency difference between two interferingwaves.

12. Explain how law of length can be verified by using a sonometer. [Pg. 92 → Q.25 → 2]

13. Explain what is Doppler effect in sound and state its any ‘four’ applications.

SECTION – III
Numerical Question
Part-A (2 Marks)

1. A simple harmonic progressive wave is given by the equation Y = 0.1 sin 4(50t − 0.1 x) in S.I.
units. Find the amplitude, frequency, wavelength and velocity of the wave.
Ans : A = 10 cm, n = 100 Hz,  = 5 , v = 500 m/s

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 x
2. The equation of simple harmonic progressive wave is given by y = 0.05sin  20t −  where
 6
all quantities are in S.I. units. Calculate the displacement of a particle at 5 m from origin and at
the instant 0.1 second.
Ans : y = − 0.025 m
3. A pipe which is open at both ends is 47 cm long and has an inner diameter 5 cm. If the speed of
sound in air is 348 m/s, calculate the fundamental frequency of air column in that pipe.
Ans : n = 348 Hz

4. A stretched wire emits a fundamental note of frequency 256 Hz. Keeping the stretching force
constant and reducing the length of wire by 10 cm, the frequency becomes 320 Hz. Calculate the
original length of wire.
Ans :  = 50 cm

5. The fundamental frequency of an air column in a pipe closed at one end is in unison with the
third overtone of an open pipe. Calculate the ratio of lengths of their air columns.
L 1
Ans : c =
L0 8

6. A tube open at both ends has length 47 cm. Calculate the fundamental frequency of air column.
(Neglect end correction. Speed of sound in air is 3.3  102 m/s).
Ans : n = 351.2 Hz

7. A transverse wave is produced on a stretched string 0.9 m long and fixed at its ends. Find the
speed of the transverse wave, when the string vibrates while emitting second overtone of
frequency 324 Hz.
Ans : v = 194.4 m/s

8. What should be tension applied to a wire of length 1 m and mass 10 gram, if it has to vibrate with
fundamental frequency of 50 Hz?
Ans : T = 100 N

9. The length of an air column for a fundamental mode in a resonance tube is 16 cm and that for
second resonance is 50.25 cm. Find the end correction.
Ans : e = 0.1125

10. A wire length 1 m and mass 2 g is in unison with a tuning fork of frequency 300 Hz. Calculate the
tension produced in the wire .
Ans : T = 720 Nm

11. Two tuning forks of frequencies 320 Hz and 340 Hz are sounded together to produce sound
wave. The velocity of sound in air is 326.4 m/s. Calculate the difference in wavelengths of these
waves.
Ans : 1 − 2 = 0.06 m

12. A 36 cm long sonometer wire vibrates with frequency of 280 Hz in fundamental mode, when it is
under tension of 24.5 N. Calculate linear density of the material of wire.
kg
Ans :  = 6.027  10−4
m

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13. A sonometer wire is in unison with a tuning fork of frequency 125 Hz when it is stretched by a
weight. When the weight is completely immersed in water, 8 beats are heard per second. Find
the specific gravity of the material of the weight.
Ans :  = 8.09

14. A sonometer wire 1 meter long weighing 2 g is in resonance with a tuning fork of frequency 300
Hz. Find tension in the sonometer wire.
Ans : T = 720 N

Part-B (3 Marks)

1. The velocity of sound in air at room temperature is 350 m/s. An air column is 35 cm in length.
Find the frequency of their overtone in a pipe, when it is (i) close at one end (ii) open at both
ends.
Ans : nc = 1750 Hz, n0 = 2000 Hz

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2. The consecutive harmonics of an air column closed at one end are 405 Hz and 675 Hz
respectively. Find the fundamental frequency of the similar air column but open at both ends.
Ans : n0 = 270 Hz

3. Wavelength of two sound notes in air are 85/170 m and 85/172 m. Each of these notes produces
4 beats per second with a third note of fixed frequency. Find the frequency of third note and
velocity of sound in air.
Ans : n = 684 Hzm v = 340 m/s

 70   70 
4. Wavelengths of two notes in the air are   m and   m . Each of these notes
 153   157 
produces 8 beats per second with a tuning fork of fixed frequency. Find the velocity ofsound
in the air and frequency of the tuning fork.
Ans : n = 620 Hz, v = 280 Hz

5. In a set, 21 tuning forks are arranged in a series of decreasing frequencies. Each tuning fork
produces 4 beats per second with the preceding fork. If the first fork is an octave of the last fork,
find the frequencies of the first and tenth fork
Ans : nf = 160 Hzm n10 = 124 Hz

6. A set of 48 tuning forks is arranged in series of descending frequencies such that each fork gives
4 beats per second with preceding one. The frequency of first fork is 1.5 times the frequency of
the last fork, find the frequency of the first and 42nd tuning fork.
Ans : nf = 564 Hz, n42 = 400 Hz

83 83
7. Two sound notes have wavelengths m and m in the air. These notes when sounded
170 172
together produce 8 beats per second. Calculate the velocity of sound in the air and frequencies
of the two notes.
Ans : v = 332 m/s, n1 = 680 Hz, n2 = 688 Hz

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8. A set of 12 tuning forks is arranged in order of increasing frequencies. Each fork produces ‘Y’
beats per second with the previous one. The last is an octave of the first. The fifth fork has a
frequency of 90 Hz. Find ‘Y’ and frequency of the first and last tuning forks.
Ans : y = 6 beats/s, n1st = 66 Hz, nlast = 132 Hz.

81 81
9. The wavelength of two sound waves in air are m and m . They produce 10 beats per
173 170
second. Calculate the velocity of sound in air.
Ans : v = 270 m/s

10. Calculate the velocity of a particle performing S.H.M. after 1 second, if its displacement is given
 t 
by x = 5 sin   m .
3
Ans : v = 2.62 m/s

11. A sonometer wire is in unison with a tuning fork when stretched by a weight of specific gravity
‘nine’. On completely increasing the weight in water, wire produces 4 beats per second with fork.
Calculate the frequency of the fork.
Ans : n = 70.67 Hz

12. A stretched sonometer wire is in unison with a tuning fork. When the length of the wire is
increased by 5%, the number of beats heard per second is 10. Find the frequency of the tuning
fork.
Ans : n1 = 210 Hz

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PHYSICS BOARD PYQ QUESTION BANK
7. Wave Optics

SECTION - 1

1. Huygens' Wave Theory of light could not explain

(a) reflection (b) refraction (c) interference (d) Photoelectric effect

2. In interference of light, a point is bright if the path difference between the two beams
arriving at that point is
(a) an integral multiple of the wavelength
(b) an odd multiple of the wavelength
(c) an odd multiple of half of the wavelength
(d) an even multiple of the wavelength

3. In the biprism experiment keeping the experimental set up unchanged, the fringe width
(a) increases with increase in wavelength.
(b) decreases with increase in wavelength.
(c) increases with decrease in wavelength.
(d) remains unchanged with change in wavelength.

4. A parallel beam of light traveling in glass is incident obliquely on water surface. After
refraction, its width
(a) decreases (b) increases (c) remains same (d) becomes zero

5. For destructive interference, the phase difference between two waves should be
   
(a) 0, , ..... (b) 0, 2, 4, …. (c) , 3, 5, …. (d) , , ,.....
2 4 2 

6. In the diffraction pattern due to a single slit of width 'd' with incident light of wavelength
'', at an angle of diffraction '', the condition for first minimum is
(a) λ sin  = d (b) d cos  =  (c) d sin  =  (d)  cos  = d

7. The fringes produced in diffraction pattern are of

(a) equal width with same intensity (b) unequal width with varying intensity
(c) equal intensity (d) equal width with varying intensity.

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8. A ray of light passes from vacuum to a medium of refractive index . Angle of incidence is
found to be twice the angle of refraction. The angle of incidence is given by
  
(a) cos −1   (b) cos−1() (c) 2 cos−1   (d) 2 sin −1  
2 2 2

9. The resolving power of telescope of aperture 100 cm for light of wavelength 5.5  10−7 m
is
(a) 0.149  10+7 (b) 1.49  10+7 (c) 14.9  10+7 (d) 149  10+7

10. If numerical aperture of a microscope is increased, then its

(a) resolving power decreases. (b) limit of resolution decreases.
(c) resolving power remains constant. (d) limit of resolution increases.

11. The numerical aperture of objective of a microscope is 0.12. The limit of resolution,
when light of wavelength 6000 Å is used to view an object is
(a) 0.25  10−7 m (b) 2.5  10−7 m (c) 25  10−7 m (d) 250  10−7 m

12. Light of a certain wavelength has a wave number  in vacuum. Its wave number in a
medium of refractive index n is __________
n 1 
(a) (b) (c) (d) n
 n n

13. If the polarizing angle for a given medium is 60°, then the refractive index of the medium
is
1 3
(a) (b) 1 (c) (d) 3
3 2

14. The resolving power of a telescope depends upon the

(a) length of the telescope (b) focal length of an objective
(c) diameter of an objective (d) focal length of an eyepiece

15. A parallel beam of light travelling in water is incident obliquely on a glass surface. After
refraction its width
(a) decreases (b) increases
(c) remains the same (d) becomes zero

16. If 'a' is the aperture of telescope and ‘’ is the wavelength of light then resolving power of
telescope is
 1.22a 1.22 a
(a) (b) (c) (d)
1.22a  a 1.22

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17. Using monochromatic light of wavelength  in Young's double slit experiment, the
eleventh dark fringe is obtained on the screen for a phase difference of
11 21
(a)  rad (b)  rad (c) 13  rad (d) 21  rad
2 2

18. In interference pattern, using two coherent sources of light; the fringe width is
(a) directly proportional to wavelength.
(b) inversely proportional to square of the wavelength.
(c) inversely proportional to wavelength.
(d) directly proportional to square of the wavelength.

19. Glass plate of refractive index 1.732 is to be used as a polariser, its polarising angle is
(a) 30° (b) 60° (c) 45° (d) 90°

20. The condition for destructive interference between two waves is that their phase
difference should be
 3 5
(a) 0, , 2, …. (b) 0, 2, 4, …. (c) , 3, 5, … (d) , , ,…
2 2 2

21. When a ray of light enters into water from air, _______________.
(a) its wavelength decreases (b) its wavelength increases
(c) its frequency increases (d) its frequency decreases

22. A diffraction pattern is obtained by making blue light incident on a narrow slit. If blue
light is replaced by red light, then the diffraction bands
(a) disappear (b) become broader
(c) become narrower (d) remain same

23. The property of light which does not change, when it travels from one medium to
another is
(a) velocity (b) frequency (c) wavelength (d) amplitude

24. In Young's double slit experiment the two coherent sources have different amplitudes. If
the ratio of maximum intensity to minimum intensity is 16:1, then the ratio of
amplitudes of the two source will be
(a) 4:1 (b) 5:3 (c) 1:4 (d) 1:16

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SECTION – 2
Theory Questions
1. State Huygens' principle. [Pg.4 – Q.23]

2. Explain the construction of plane wavefront using Huygens' principle. [Pg.5 – Q.25]
3. With the help of a neat diagram, explain the reflection of light on a plane reflecting surface.
[Pg.5 – Q.26]
4. Explain refraction of a plane wavefront at a plane surface on the basis of Huygens' wave theory
of light. [Pg.6 – Q.27]

5. On the basis of Huygens' wave theory of light, prove that velocity of light in a rarer medium is
greater that velocity of light in a denser medium. [GTB]

6. Explain refraction of light on the basis of wave theory. Hence prove the laws of refraction.
[Pg.6 – Q.27]
7. What is polariszaion of light? State and explain Brewster's law. [Pg.7 – Q.29 & Pg.10-Q.39]

8. Draw a neat labelled diagram showing the plane of vibration and plane of polarisation for
polarised light. [GTB]

9. What is a polaroid? State its 'two' uses. [GTB]

10. State Brewster's law and show that when light is incident at polarizing angle, the reflected and
refracted rays are mutually perpendicular to each other. [Pg.10 – Q.39]

11. What is interference of light? [Pg.11 – Q.43]

12. State the conditions necessary for obtaining sharp and steady interference pattern.
[Pg.15 – Q.54]

13. Using analytical method for interference bands, obtain expression for path an difference
between two light waves. [Pg.13 – Q.48]

14. Obtain an expression for path difference and fringe width of interference pattern in Young's
double slit experiment. Show that the fringe width is same for consecutive bright and dark
bands. [Pg.13 – Q.48]

15. State the conditions to get constructive and destructive interference of light. [Pg.14 – Q.50]

16. Give the analytical treatment for interference bands. Hence obtain an expression for path
difference between the interfering waves. [Pg.13 – Q.48]

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17. What is 'diffraction of light'? Explain its two types. [Pg.17 – Q.59 & 60]

18. Distinguish between the phenomenon of interference and diffraction of light. [Pg.17 – Q.59]

19. Explain the resolving power of a telescope with the help of a neat ray diagram. On what factors
does it depend? [Pg.23 – Q.76, 77, 67]
20. What is resolving power of an optical instrument? [Pg.20 – Q.67]

21. Explain Rayleigh's criterion for the resolution of two close point objects, when their images are
i. just resolved, ii. well resolved and iii. unresolved
OR
Explain Rayleigh's criterion for central maximum. [Pg.21 – Q.70]

22. State the factors on which resolving power of microscope depends. How can it be increased?
[Pg.20 – Q.67 & 78]

SECTION – 3
Numericals
1. Determine the change in wavelength of light during its passage from air to glass, if refractive
index of glass with respect to air is 1.5 and frequency of light is 4  1014 Hz. [Velocity of light in
air = 3  108 m/s).
Find the wave number of light in glass.
Ans. i. 2500 Å ii. 2  166 m−1.

4
2. A ray of light is incident on a water surface of refractive index making an angle 40 with the
3
surface. Find the angle of refraction.
Ans. 354.

3. The refractive indices of water for red and violet colours are 1.325 and 1.334 respectively. Find
the difference between velocities of the rays for these two colours in water.
Ans. 1.528  106 m/s

4. If the difference in velocities of light in glass and water is 2.7 × 10 7 m/s, find the velocity of light
in air. (Refractive index of glass = 1.5, Refractive index of water = 1.333)
Ans. 3.233  108 m/s

5. Red light of wavelength 6400 Å in air has wavelength 4000 Å in glass. If the wavelength of
violet light in air is 4400 Å, find its wavelength in glass. (Assume that n r  nv)
Ans. 2750 Å

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6. A parallel beam of monochromatic light is incident on glass slab at an angle of incidence 60°.
Find the ratio of the widths of the beam in glass to that in air, if refractive index of glass is 1.5.
Ans. 8 : 5.

7. Determine the change in wavelength of light during its passage from air to glass. If the
refractive index of glass with respect to air is 1.5 and the frequency of light is 3.5  1014 Hz, find
the wave number of light in glass. [Velocity of light in air (c = 3  108 m/s)]
Ans. i. 2857 Å ii. 1.75  106 m−1

8. Determine the change in wavelength of light during its passage from air to glass, if the
refractive index of glass with respect to air is 1.5 and the frequency of light is 5  1014 Hz. Find
the wave number of light in glass (velocity of light in air c = 3  108 m/s).
Ans. i. 2000 Å ii. 2.5  106 m−1

9. The width of plane incident wavefront is found to be doubled on refraction in denser medium. If
it makes an angle of 65 with the normal, calculate the refractive index for the denser medium.
Ans. 1.697

3 4
10. The refractive indices of glass and water w.r.t. air are and respectively. Determined the
2 3
refractive index of glass w.r.t. water.
Ans. 1.12

4
11. The refractive indices of water and diamond are and 2.42 respectively. Find the speed of
3
light in water and diamond. (c = 3  108 m/s)
Ans. 1.24  108 m/s

12. A parallel beam of monochromatic light is incident on a glass slab at an angle of incidence 30°,
gets refracted through an angle of 19° 28'. Find the ratio of width of parallel beam in air to that
in glass.
Ans. 1.089 : 1.

13. If the difference in the velocities of light in glass and water is 0.25  108 m/s, calculate the
velocity of light in air. Given that refractive index of glass and water with respect to air are 1.5
4
and respectively.
3
Ans. 3  108 m/s

14. For a glass plate as a polariser with refractive index 1.633, calculate the angle of incidence at
which light is polarised.
Ans. 5831’

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9
15. Find the polarising angle for the material of refractive index .
5
Ans. 61.

16. In a biprism experiment the slit is illuminated by a light of wavelength 4800 A.U. The distance
between slit and biprism is 20 cm and the distance between biprism and eye piece is 80 cm. If
the distance between virtual sources is 3 mm, determine the distance between the 5 bright
band on side of the central band and 5th dark band on other side.
Ans. 15.2  10−4 m.

17. In Young's experiment, two slits separated by 4 mm are illuminated by a light of wavelength
6400 A.U. Interference fringes are obtained at a distance of 60 cm from the slits. Find the
changes in the fringe width, if the separation between the slits is.
i. increased by 1 mm, and ii. decreased by 1 mm.
Ans. i. 19.2 m ii. 32m

18. A point is situated at 7 cm and 7.2 cm from two coherent sources. Find the nature of
illumination at the point if wavelength of light is 4000 Å.
Ans. Bright.

19. In a biprism experiment, a slit is illuminated by a light of wavelength 4800 Å. The distance
between the slit and biprism is 15 cm and the distance between the biprism and eyepiece is 85
cm. If the distance between virtual sources is 3 mm, determine the distance between 4th bright
band on one side and 4th dark band on the other side of the central bright band.
Ans. 12  10−4 m

20. In a biprism experiment, when a convex lens was placed between the biprism and eyepiece at a
distance of 30 cm from the slit, the virtual images of the slits are found to be separated by 7
mm. If the distance between the slit and biprism is 10 cm and between the biprism and
eyepiece is 80 cm, find the linear magnification of the image.
Ans. 2

21. In biprism experiment, 10th dark band is observed at 2.09 mm from the central bright point on
the screen with red light of wavelength 6400 Å. By how much will fringe width change if blue
light of wavelength 4800 Å is used with the same setting?
Ans. 0.055 mm

22. A point is situated at 6.5 cm und 6.65 cm from two coherent sources. Find the nature 9f
illumination at the point if wavelength of light is 5000 Å.
Ans. Bright.

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23. The optical path difference between two identical waves arriving at a point is 371. Is the point
bright or dark? If the path difference is 0.24 mm, calculate the wavelength of light used.
Ans. 6469 Å.

24. In Young's double slit experiment, the slits are 0.5 mm apart and interference is observed on a
screen placed at a distance of 100 cm from the slit. It is found that 9 th bright fringe is at a
distance of 8.835 mm from the 2nd dark fringe, on the same side of the centre of the fringe
pattern. Find the wavelength of light used.
Ans. 5890 Å

25. In Young's experiment interference bands were produced on a screen placed at 150 cm from
two slits, 0.15 mm apart and illuminated by the light of wavelength 6500 Å. Calculate the fringe
width.
Ans. 6.5 mm

26. Two coherent sources of light having intensity 81:1 produce interference fringes. Calculate the
ratio of intensities at the maxima and minima in the interference pattern.
25
Ans.
16

27. In a biprism experiment, light of wavelength 5200 Å is used to obtain an interference pattern
on the screen. The fringe width changes by 1.3 mm when the screen is moved towards the
biprism by 50 cm.
Calculate the distance between the two virtual images of the slit.
Ans. 2  10−4 m.

28. Plane wavefront of light of wavelength 6000 Å is incident on two slits on a screen
perpendicular to the direction of light rays. If the total separation of 10 bright fringes on a
screen 2 m away is 2 cm, find the distance between the slits.
Ans. 6  10−4 m

29. In a single slit diffraction pattern, the distance between first minima on the right and first
minima on the left of central maximum is 4 mm. The screen on which the pattern is displaced, is
2 m from the slit and wavelength of light used is 6000 Å. Calculate width of the slit and width of
the central maximum.
Ans. 6  10−4 m

30. Monochromatic light of wavelength 4300 Å falls on a slit of width 'a'. For what value of 'a' the
first maximum falls at 30°?
Ans. 1.29 m.

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31. The minimum angular separation between two stars is 4  10−6 rad, if telescope is used to
observe them with an objective of aperture 16 cm. Find the wavelength of light used.
Ans. 5246 Å

32. Derive laws of reflection of light using Huygens’ principle

33. In a biprism experiment, the fringes are observed in the focal plane of the eye-piece at a
distance of 1.2 m from the slit. The distance between the central bright band and the 20th
bright band is 0.4 cm. When a convex lens is placed between the biprism and the eye-piece, 90
cm from the eye-piece, the distance between the two virtual magnified images is found to be 0.9
cm. Determine the wavelength of light used.

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YES I CAN, YES I WILL!

8. Electrostatics

SECTION - 1

1. Condenser is a device used to store __________,

(a) large charge at low potential (b) large charge at high potential
(c) large charge at low potential (d) less charge at high potential.

2. Two condensers each of capacity 4 F are connected in series and third condenser of
capacity 4 µF is connected in parallel with the combination. Then equivalent capacitance
of the arrangement is
(a) 12 F (b) 8 F (c) 6 F (d) 2.65 F

3. In the following figure, charge on 4 µF capacitor is

(a) 40 C (b) 100 C (c) 200 C (d) 250 C

4. Intensity of electric field at a point close and outside a charged conducting cylinder is
proportional to _______.
(r is the distance of a point from the axis of cylinder)
1 1 1
(a) (b) (c) (d) r3
r r2 r3

5. Electric field intensity in free space at a distance 'r' outside the charged conducting
sphere of radius 'R' in terms of surface charge density ‘’ is
2 2 2 2
 R  0  R  R Rr 
(a) (b) (c)   (d)  
0  r    r  r  0    0 

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6. If the radius of a sphere is doubled without changing the charge on it, then electric flux
originating from the sphere is _____
(a) double (b) half (c) same (d) zero

7. Electric intensity due to a charged sphere at a point outside the sphere decreases with
(a) increase in charge on sphere.
(b) increase in dielectric constant.
(c) decrease in the distance from the centre of sphere.
(d) Decrease in square of distance from the centre of sphere.

8. If the charge on the condenser of 10 F is doubled, then the energy stored in it becomes
(a) zero (b) twice that of initial energy
(c) half the initial energy (d) four times the initial energy

9. Electric intensity outside a charged cylinder having the charge per unit length ‘’ at a
distance r from its axis is
20 0  0
(a) E= (b) E= (c) E= (d) E=
kr 2kr 20kr kr

10. The electric field intensity outside the charged conducting sphere of radius 'R', placed in
a medium of permittivity ɛ at a distance 'r' from the centre of the sphere in terms of
surface charge density σ is
2 2 2 2
 R   r   R   r 
(a) (b) (c) (d)
  r    R    r2    R 

11. The angle at which maximum torque is exerted by the external uniform electric field on
the electric dipole is
(a) 0 (b) 30 (c) 45 (d) 90

12. The work done in bringing a unit positive charge from infinitive to a given point against
the direction of electric field is known as _________.
(a) electric flux (b) magnetic potential
(c) electric potential (d) gravitational potential

13. Electric potential ‘V’ at a distance ‘r’ from appoint charges is directly proportional to
_______
1 1
(a) r (b) r2 (c) (d)
r r2

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SECTION – 2
Subjective Theory Question
Part-A (1 Marks)
1. Define Polarization in dielectrics [Pg. 18 → Q.21 (ii)]

2. What is polar dielectrics ? [Pg. 35 → Q.6]

3. What is non-polar dielectrics? [Pg. 35 → Q.7]

4. Give expression for electric field intensity at a point outside a charged conducting sphere?
[Pg. 35 → Q.8]

5. Give expression for electric field Intensity at a point outside charged thin plane sheet
[Pg. 35 → Q.9]
6. What do you mean by equipotential surface? [Pg. 12 → Q.14]

7. What do you mean by uniform electric field?

8. A metal plate is introduced between the plates of a charged parallel plate capacitor. What is its
effect on the capacitance of the capacitor? [Capacitance becomes K times CK = K.C.]

9. Define capacitance of a capacitor and state it’s SI unit. [Pg. 22 → Q.28]

10. What is capacitor? [Pg. 34 → Q.3]

11. Write formula for potential energy ‘U’ of system of two point charges q 1 and q2 separated by
distance r. [Pg. 34 → Q.2]

12. Is electrostatic potential ncecessarily zero at a point where electric field strength is zero?
[Pg. 34 → Q.5]

13. Determine the work done in bringing a charge of 5C form infinity to the point A. The potential
at point A is 400 kV.

14. Two capacitors of capacities 5F and 10 F respectively are connected in series. Calculate the
resultant capacity of the combination.

15. Calculate the electric field intensity at a point just near the surface of a charged plane sheet,
measured from its mid-point. [Pg. 5 → Q.5]

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Part-B (2 Marks)

16. State Gauss’ Theorem in electrostatics. State the expression for electric field intensity at a point
outside an infinitely long charged conducting cylinder. [Pg. 4 → Q.4]

17. With the help of neat diagram, explain how non-polar dielectric material is polarized in external
electric field of increasing intensity. Define polarization in dielectrics. [Pg. 20 → Q.25]

18. Distinguish between polar and non-polar dielectric [Pg. 20 → Q.24]

19. Explain polarization of a polar dielectric in an external electric field [Pg. 20 → Q.25]

20. Derive expression for energy of charged condenser express it in different forms.
[Pg. 31 → Q.38]

21. Define capacitance of a capacitor and its S.I. unit. [Pg. 22 → Q.28]

22. Draw a neat labelled diagram of a parallel plate capacitor completely filled with dielectric.
[Pg. 21 → Q.27]

23. Draw a neat and labelled diagram of van de Graaf generator. [Pg. 32 → Q.40 diagram]

Part-C (3 Marks)
24. Obtain an expression for electric field intensity at a point outside a charged conducting sphere.
[Pg. 1 → Q.2]
25. Obtain an expression for electric field intensity at appoint outside uniformly charged thin plane
sheet. [Pg. 5 → Q.5]

26. Obtain an expression for energy of a charged capacitor and express it in different forms.

27. Describe the construction of van-de-Graaff generator. [Pg. 32 → Q.40]

28. With the help of a neat diagram, describe the construction and working of Van de Graaff
generator. [Pg. 32 → Q.40]

29. Derive expression for the dielectric intensity due to ta charged closed conductor of any shape
kept in a dielectric medium at a point very close to it.

30. Derive an expression for the capacity of a parallel condenser filled with dielectric. [Pg. 27 → Q.34]

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31. State the formula giving relation between electric field intensity and potential gradient.
dV
[E = − ]
dX

32. Obtain an expression for equivalent capacitance of two capacitors C 1 and C2 connected in series.
[Pg. 26 → Q.32]

33. When 2  1010 electrons are transferred from one conductor to another, a potential difference
of 20 V appears between the conductors, Find the capacitance of the two conductors.

SECTION – 3
Subjective numerical Question
Part-A (2 Marks)

1. A charge q is moved from a point A above a dipole of dipole moment p to a point B below the
dipole in equatorial plane without acceleration. Find the work done in this process.

2.A parallel plate air condenser has an area 2  10−4 m2 and separation between the two plates is
1 mm. find its capacity.
[0 = 8.85  10−12 C2/Nm2]
Ans : 1.77 F

3. Three capacitors of capacities 8 F, 8 F and 4 F are connected in a series and potential
difference of 120 volt is maintained across the combination. Calculate the charge on capacitor
of capacity 4 F.
Ans :240  10−6 C

4. A parallel plate capacitor filled with air has an area of 6 cm 2 and plate separation of a 3 mm.
Calculate its capacitance.
Ans : 1.77  10−11 F.

5. Capacity of a parallel capacitor with dielectric constant 5 is 40 F. Calculate the capacity of the
same capacitor when dielectric material is removed.
Ans : 8 F

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6. Energy stored in a charged capacitor of 25 pF is 4 J. Find the charge on its plate.

Ans : 14.14 C

7. A condenser of capacity 100 F is charged to a potential of 1 kV. Calculate the energy stored in
the condenser.
Ans : 50 J

8. A 10 F capacitor is connected with 100 V battery. What would be the electrostatic energy
stored?
Ans : 0.05 J

9. A small particle carrying a negative charge of 1.6  10-19 C is suspended in equilibrium between
two horizontal metal plates 10 cm apart, having a potential differene of 4000 volts across them.
Find the mass of the particle.
Ans: 6.531  10-16 kg

10. A cube of marble having each side 1 cm is kept in an electric field of intensity 300 V/m.
Determine the energy contained in the cube of dielectric constant 8.
[Given : 0 = 8.85  10−12 C2/Nm2]
Ans: 3.185  10−12 J

Part-B (3 Marks)
11. A conductor of any shape, having area 40 cm2 placed in air is uniformly charged with a charged
0.2 C. Determine the electric intensity at a point just outside its surface.
[0 = 8.85  10−12 S. I. units]
Ans:
i. 5.649  106 V/m
ii. 141.2 N/m2

12. A parallel plate capacitor has circular plates, each of diameter 20 cm separated by a distance of
2 mm. The potential difference between the plates is maintained at 360 V. Calculate its
capacitance and charge. What is the intensity of electric filed between the plates of the
capacitor? (Given : k = 1)
Ans :
i. 1.39  10−10 F
ii. 5  10−8 C.
iii. 1.8  105 V/m.

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13. A network of four capacitors of 6 F each is connected to a 240 V supply. Determine the charge
on each capacitor.

Ans : C1, C2, C3 is 4.8  10−4 C and C4 1.44  10−23 C

14. Six capacitors a capacities 5, 5, 5, 5, 10 and X F are connected as shown in the network given
below.
Find :
i. The value of X if the network is balanced, and
ii. The resultant capacitance between A and C.
Ans :
i. 10 F
ii. 5 F

15. A parallel plate air condenser has a capacity of 20 F. What will be the new capacity if:
i. the distance between the two plates is doubled?
ii. a marble slab of dielectric constant 8 is introduced between the two plates?
Ans :
i. 10 F
ii. 160 F

16. An electric dipole consists of two opposite charges each of magnitude 1 C, sperated by 2 cm.
The dipole is placed in an external electric field of 105 N/C
Calculate the:
i. Maximum torque experienced by the dipole and
ii. Work done by the external field to turn the dipole through 180o
Ans: i. 2  10−3 Nm ii. 4  10−3 J

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