ROYALE CONCORDE INTERNATIONAL
SCHOOL, KALYAN NAGAR
CHEMISTRY
INVESTIGATORY
PROJECT
ON
TO STUDY THE FOAMING CAPACITY OF SOAPS
Name : JASWANTH JEYAMURUGAN
Class: 11 a
[Link]: xi/3048/2025
BONAFIDE CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that jaswanth jeyamurugan has
satisfactorily completed the project in Chemistry
prescribed by the CBSE AISSCE course in the
laboratory of Royale Concorde International
School in the academic year 2024-2025.
Signature of the signature of
the
External examine internal
examiner
Date:22/10/2025
Name of the candidate: jaswanth jeyamurugan
Roll number: 13
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I wish to express my sincere gratitude to the people who have
helped and supported me throughout the investigatory project.
I express my sincere gratitude to our Principal, Mrs. Pinkey
Singh for providing us with an environment to complete our
project successfully.
I extend my deepest thanks to our Chemistry teacher,
[Link].K for her continuous support during the entire course
of this project and for providing invaluable guidance throughout
our project.
I would like to thank our Lab teachers Mrs. Vidhya for assisting
and providing all the requirements for this project.
I would also like to extend my thanks to my family and friends
for their tremendous support throughout this project.
THANK YOU
INDEX
1. INTRODUCTION
2. AIM
3. OBJECTIVE OF PROJECT
4. MATERIALS AND EQUIPMENTS REQUIRED
5. THEORY
6. PROCEDURE
7. OBSERVATION
[Link]
8. RESULT
9. CONCLUSION
AIM
TO STUDY THE FOAMING CAPACITY
OF SOAPS
Objective of
project
The objective of this project is to compare
the foaming capacities and foam stability
of different samples of soaps and hence
to determine the best brand among them.
Introduction
Soaps are sodium or potassium salts of higher fatty
acids. The higher fatty acids may be such as stearic acid
(C17H35COOH), palmitic acid (C15H31COOH). A soap
molecule has a lipophilic (oil soluble) part and a
hydrophilic (water soluble) part. Soaps are used for
washing purposes. When soap is shaken with water, it
produces foam which is responsible for removal of dirt. A
soap which produces more foam is more effective in
cleaning.
The cleaning action of soap can be explained by
keeping in mind that a soap molecule contains a non-
polar lipophilic group and a polar hydrophilic group. The
dirt is held on the surface of clothes by the oil or grease
which is present there. When soap is applied, the non-
polar alkyl group dissolves in oil droplets while the polar
–COO-Na+ group remains dissolved in water. In this
way, each oil droplet is surrounded bynegative charge.
These negatively charged oil droplets cannot coalesce
and a stable emulsion is formed. These oil droplets
containing dirt particles can be washed away with water.
MATERIALS AND
REQUIREMENTS
To do this experiment we will need the following
materials and equipments:
1.200 ml beaker
[Link] glass
[Link] machine
4.250 ml measuring cylinder
[Link]-watch
[Link] samples of soaps
[Link] water
[Link] rod
THEORY
There is no quantitative method for the determination of
foaming capacity of soap. However, the foaming
capacity of different soaps can be compared
qualitatively by the following way.
Solutions of different soapsare prepared by dissolving
their equal weights in equal volumes of distilled water.
These solutions are shaken vigorously to produce foam
and then they are allowed to stand. The volume of the
foam produced initially is noted and compared as well as
volume of foam remaining after a specific amount of
time for each solution is also [Link] greater the
quantity of foam produced in a given sample of soap,
greater is its foaming capacity and longer the time taken
for disappearance of foam, greater is its foam stability.
Foaming capacity = (Foam volume/initial sample
volume)*100%
Foam stability = (Foam volume after 30min/initial foam
volume)*100%
PROCEDURE
1. Weigh 1g of each of the different samples of soaps
provided to you in a watch glass.
2. Dissolve each of these weighed samples in distilled
water separately, in different beakers to form a total of
200ml solution. Label the solutions as 1,2,3,4 etc.
3. Stir the sample thoroughly with a glass rod to produce
foam.
4. Pour the solution into a 250 ml measuring cylinder.
5. Measure the amount of foam present in the
measuring cylinder and
note down the readings.
6. After 30 minutes, note down the final readings in a
tabular form.
7. Repeat the above steps for all the samples provided
to you.
Observation
Weight of the each soap sample taken = 1g
Volume of the solution after mixing the soap sample to
the water = 200mL, for each sample taken
Observation Table: