Construction and Engineering

Project Management
05D - Project Quality Planning

Initiate Plan Execute Close-out

▪ Plan Quality Management

Quality planning

Manage Quality

Control Quality

Process Improvement

Video
Every project should have a quality management plan.

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Table of Contents Module 5C

❑ Quality Defined
❑ Overview
❑ Quality Management Plan
❑ Quality Requirements in Construction
❑ Quality Standards in Construction
❑ Quality Measurements in Construction
❑ Quality Checklists in Construction
❑ Techniques used for planning quality management
❑ Process Improvement Plan
❑ What can go wrong
❑ Exercise

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Project Quality Planning
Quality Defined
Plan Quality Management—The process of
identifying quality requirements and/or standards for How are we going to manage
the project and its deliverables, and documenting how quality and which standards apply?
the project will demonstrate compliance with quality
requirements and/or standards.
Manage Quality—The process of translating the
quality management plan into executable quality Will we be able to meet the
activities that incorporate the organization’s quality standards?
policies into the project.
Control Quality—The process of monitoring and
recording the results of executing the quality
management activities to assess performance and Are we meeting the standards?
ensure the project outputs are complete, correct, and
meet customer expectations.

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• Scope baseline
Project Quality Planning
• Cost baseline Overview
• Schedule baseline
• Stakeholder register
• Risk register
• Requirement doc.

Cost planning Scope planning Risk planning

• Governmental agency regulations. • Working or operating conditions of the project or its
• Rules, standards, and guidelines specific to the

Communications planning
deliverables that may affect project quality.
application area. • Cultural perceptions that may influence expectations
Resources planning

• Contract submittals and requirements about quality.

• Stakeholder requirements • Site neighborhood characteristics and constraints

Quality Process
Quality Quality Quality
management improvement
Standards Metrics checklist
plan plan

• Organizational quality policies, procedures, • Historical databases.

and guidelines. • Lessons learned from previous phases or projects.
• Quality Assurance Measurements

Procurement planning Schedule planning Stakeholder Engagement planning

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Project Quality Planning
Quality Management Plan
The project quality management plan defines the monitoring and controlling activities to be employed, especially the following:

❑ Item of work to be monitored;

❑ Reference to the applicable document, specification, or standard and acceptance criteria;

❑ Applicable verification activities that are conducted and times when these activities are performed in relation to the overall process;

❑ Responsible parties for the work and verification activities;

❑ Applicable characteristics and measurements that are taken or recorded; and

❑ Applicable supporting documentation, which is generated to demonstrate satisfactory or unsatisfactory performance.

Quality Process
Quality Quality Quality
management improvement
Standards Metrics checklist
plan plan

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Project Quality Planning
Quality Requirements in Construction

In construction projects addressing the following distinct (and sometimes conflicting) sets of
requirements is important:

❑ Mandatory statutory quality requirements (quality requirements imposed by legislation)

❑ Customer quality requirements.(contract conditions)

❑ Technical quality requirements (safety management and environmental management)

❑ Specific requirements of the performing organization.

❑ Specifications of quality management systems standards. (ISO 9000 Series.)

❑ Industry-specific codes and standards.

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Project Quality Planning
Quality Standards in Construction
❑ There are thousands of industry standards and model codes and many of these documents are required for
compliance with building codes and contracts.
❑ Project managers in construction should ensure that each trade is sufficiently knowledgeable in its specific trade
standards.
❑ The Construction Extension does not attempt to address all features of the entire range of standards, it focuses on
those that are most commonly associated with construction projects

Client Perspective: Constructor’s Perspective:

• Value For Money vs • Customer satisfaction
• Fit for Purpose • Prestige yielded by the project.

Quality Process
Quality Quality Quality
management improvement
Standards Metrics checklist
plan plan

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Project Quality Planning
Quality Measurements in Construction

Quality Assurance Measurements

A quality metric defines the attributes of the project and product, and how the quality control process will measure those
attributes to validate that a requirement or the successful completion of a deliverable is met.

Examples:
• Measurements (vertical height, horizontal, thickness, inclined, elevations, diameters, and gauges).
• Tests like compressive strength of concrete and tensile for reinforcing steel.

Quality Process
Quality Quality Quality
management improvement
Standards Metrics checklist
plan plan

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Project Quality Planning
Quality Checklists in Construction

Quality Checklist
A quality checklist of a component or deliverable is a structured tool, specific to each component, which outlines a set
of steps to be carried out to verify that the acceptance criteria described in the project scope statement are met.

Example - checklists for:

• Concrete Placement • Roof Panels • Plumbing Insulation
• Structural Steel Framing • Sprinkler Systems • Air Cleaning Devices

Quality Process
Quality Quality Quality
management improvement
Standards Metrics checklist
plan plan

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Techniques used for planning quality management
The seven basic quality tools:
1. Cause-and-effect diagrams (fishbone diagrams or Ishikawa diagrams) - to trace the problem’s back to its
actionable root cause.
2. Flowcharts (process maps) - useful in understanding workflows with the possible sequence of authorization.
3. Check sheets (tally sheets) - may be used as a checklist when gathering and organizing data.
4. Pareto diagrams - to identify the vital few sources that are responsible for causing most of a problem’s effects.
5. Histograms - to describe the central tendency, dispersion, and shape of a statistical distribution.
6. Control charts - to determine whether or not a process is stable or has predictable performance.
7. Scatter diagrams (correlation charts) - to explain a correlation between two variables.

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Cause-and-effect Diagram
(to determine root causes)

Major cause
Minor cause

Root cause

Why would people contribute to the problem? – Not sufficiently trained

Why are they not trained? – Insufficient training budget
Why is there insufficient training budget? – Company results poor
Why is the company results poor? – Loss of customers
Why is the company losing customers? – Competitors offer better deals
[Link]
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Flow Chart

To identify process improvement

opportunities

A flowchart is a diagram representing a

process, showing the steps as boxes
and their order by connecting these with
arrows representing the flow of control
through the process

Http://[Link]/wiki/flowchart
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Pareto Diagram
80% of the effects come from 20% of the causes

To address a large portion

(± 80%) of the effects.

Address these three (± 20% causes) [Link]

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Histogram

To illustrate the most common

causes of problems.

A histogram is a vertical bar chart

showing how often a particular
variable occurred.

[Link]
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Control Chart

When a variation falls

outside the control limits
Early warning
it is classified as derived
from a special cause and
the system is seen as out
Early warning of control.

When a variation falls

within the control limits it
is classified as derived
Examples: from a common cause
• Production figures and the system is
classified as stable
• Sales figures
• Customer complaints / compliments

Source:- [Link]

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Scatter Diagram

To show the relationship between

Positive
two variables.
correlation

No
correlation

Negative
correlation
[Link]

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Project Quality Planning
Process Improvement Plan

❑ A subsidiary or component of
the project management plan
❑ It details the steps for
analyzing project management
and product development
processes to identify activities
that enhance their value.

Quality Process
Quality Quality Quality
management improvement
Standards Metrics checklist
plan plan

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Project Quality Planning
What can go wrong

❑ Poorly defined or no quality management plan.

❑ Poorly defined quality requirements / quality standards.
❑ Unrealistic quality requirements / quality standards.
❑ No quality metrics documented.
❑ No data collected to determine compliance with quality management plan.

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Exercise 05D – Project Quality planning

In your own words:

1. Describe the content and purpose of the quality management plan.

2. Describe where you would most likely find the quality requirements applicable to your project.

3. Describe what quality metrics are and how you use it to manage quality on your project.

Evaluation guide:
1. Did they understand & address the question? (max 50 marks).
2. Did they contribute new insights from own experience? (max 50 marks).
Time Allowed: A
1. Prepare 15 minutes
2. Present 5 minutes
3. Evaluate 1 minute C B

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