Technology Used
3.1 Front End:
Front-end web development, also known as client-side development is the practice of
producing HTML, CSS and JavaScript for a website so that a user can see and interact with them
directly. The challenge associated with front end development is that the tools and techniques used to
create the front end of a website change constantly and so a developer needs to constantly be aware
of how the field is developing. The objective of designing a site is to ensure that when the users open
up the site, they see the information in a format that is easy to read and relevant. This is further
complicated by the fact that users now use a large variety of devices with varying screen sizes and
resolutions thus forcing the designer to take into consideration these aspects when designing the site.
They need to ensure that their site comes up correctly in different browsers (cross-browser), different
operating systems (cross-platform) and different devices (cross-device), which requires careful
planning on the side of the developer.
Hypertext Markup Language (HTML) is the standard markup language for creating web pages
and web applications. With Cascading Style Sheets (CSS), and JavaScript, it forms a triad of
cornerstone technologies for the World Wide Web browser to receive HTML documents from a
web server or from local storage and render them into multimedia web pages. HTML describes the
structure of a web page semantically and originally included cues for the appearance of the
document.
Here are some features of Hypertext Markup Language (HTML):
● Platform independent: HTML can be used on any device, operating system, or web
browser.
● Semantic elements: HTML elements can improve website accessibility and SEO
performance.
● Multimedia support: HTML can support multimedia content like audio and video.
● Case insensitive: HTML's case insensitivity makes coding easier and improves readability.
● Client-side storage: HTML5 has improved storage capabilities on the client's side.
● Geolocation API: This feature allows access to a user's geographical position, which can be
useful for apps like taxi apps, food order tracking apps, and fitness tracking apps.
● Cascading style sheets (CSS) integration: CSS can be used to enhance the visual appeal of
web content.
● Accessibility: HTML includes alt attributes for image descriptions.
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● Structure tags: HTML can enclose multiple elements with pinpoint accuracy.
● HTML tags: HTML tags are special components that mark up a text file with additional text
describing how the document should be displayed.
● HTML elements: HTML elements are the building blocks of HTML pages.
● Attributes: Attributes provide additional information about elements and are always
specified in the start tag.
Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) is a style sheet language used for describing the presentation of
a document written in a markup language Although most often used to set the visual style of web
pages and user interfaces written in HTML and XHTML, the language can be applied to any XML
document, including plain XML, SVG and XUL, and is applicable to rendering in speech or on other
media. Along with HTML and JavaScript,CSS is a cornerstone technology used by most websites to
create visually engaging web pages, user interfaces for web applications.
Why CSS?
● Saves Time: Write CSS once and reuse it across multiple HTML pages.
● Easy Maintenance: Change the style globally with a single modification.
● Search Engine Friendly: Clean coding technique that improves readability for search
engines.
● Superior Styles: Offers a wider array of attributes compared to HTML.
● Offline Browsing: CSS can store web applications locally using offline cache, allowing
offline viewing.
JavaScript is a MUST for students and working professionals to become a great Software Engineer
specially when they are working in Web Development Domain.
I will list down some of the key advantages of learning JavaScript:
● JavaScript is the most popular programming language in the world and that makes it a
programmer’s great choice. Once you learn JavaScript, it helps you develop great front-end as well
as back-end software using different JavaScript based frameworks like jQuery, [Link] etc.
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● JavaScript is everywhere, it comes installed on every modern web browser and so to learn
JavaScript you really do not need any special environment setup. For example, Chrome, Mozilla
Firefox, Safari and every browser you know as of today, supports JavaScript.
● Due to high demand, there is tons of job growth and high pay for those who know JavaScript. You
can navigate over to different job sites to see what having JavaScript skills looks like in the job
market.
● Great thing about JavaScript is that you will find tons of frameworks and Libraries already
developed which can be used directly in your software development to reduce your time to market.
Bootstrap is the most popular front-end framework in the recent time. It is a sleek, intuitive, and
powerful mobile first front-end framework for faster and easier web development. It uses HTML,
CSS and JavaScript. This tutorial will teach you the basics of Bootstrap Framework using which you
can create web projects with ease. The tutorial is divided into sections such as Bootstrap Basic
Structure, Bootstrap CSS, Bootstrap Layout Components and Bootstrap Plugins.
● Mobile first approach : Bootstrap 3, framework consists of Mobile first styles throughout the
entire library instead of in separate files.
● Browser Support: It is supported by all popular browsers.
● Easy to get started: With just the knowledge of HTML and CSS anyone can get started with
Bootstrap. Also, the Bootstrap official site has good documentation.
● Responsive design: Bootstrap's responsive CSS adjusts to Desktops, Tablets and Mobiles.
● JavaScript Plugins : Bootstrap contains over a dozen custom jQuery plugins. You can easily
include them all, or one by one. This is covered in details in the section Bootstrap Plugins.
3.2 Back-End:
PHP (Hypertext Preprocessor) is a widely used, general-purpose scripting language that
was originally designed for web development, to produce dynamic web pages. It can be embedded
into HTML and generally runs on a web server, which needs to be configured to process PHP code
and create web page content from it. Originally designed for producing dynamic web pages, it has
evolved to include a command line interface capability and can be used in standalone graphical
applications. While Rasmus Lerdorf originally created PHP in 1995, the main implementation of
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PHP is now produced by The PHP Group and serves as the de facto standard for PHP as there is no
formal specification. Released under the PHP License, the Free Software Foundation considers it a
free [Link] can be deployed on most web servers and on almost every operating system and
platform free of charge. PHP is installed on more than 20 million websites and 1 million web servers.
The most recent major release of PHP was version 5.2.6 on May 1, 2008. PHP is a widely used
general-purpose scripting language that is especially suited for web development and can be
embedded into HTML. It generally runs on a web server, taking PHP code as its input and creating
web pages as output. It can be deployed on most web servers and on almost every operating system
and platform free of charge. PHP is installed on more than 20 million websites and 1 million web
servers
Features of PHP:
As a programming language for the Web, PHP is hard to ignore. Clean syntax, object oriented
fundamentals, an extensible architecture that encourages innovation, support for both current and
upcoming technologies and protocols, and excellent database integration are just some of the reasons
for the popularity it currently enjoys in the developer community.
1. Simplicity: Because PHP uses a consistent and logical syntax, and because it comes with a clearly
written manual, even novices find it easy to learn. In fact, the quickest way to learn PHP is to step
through the manual’s introductory tutorial, and then start looking at code samples off the Web.
Within a few hours, you will have learned the basics and will be confident enough to begin writing
your own scripts. This adherence to the KISS (Keep It Simple, Stupid) principle has made PHP
popular as a prototyping and rapid application development tool for web applications. PHP can even
access C libraries and take advantage of program code written for this language, and the language is
renowned for the tremendous flexibility it allows programmers in accomplishing specific tasks.
2. Portability: With programming languages, portability—the ease with which a program can be
made to work on different platforms—is an important factor. PHP users have little to fear here,
because cross-platform development has been an important design goal of PHP since PHP 3.0.
Today, PHP is available for a wide variety of platforms, including UNIX, Microsoft Windows, Mac
OS, and OS/2. Additionally, because PHP code is interpreted and not compiled, PHP scripts written
on one platform usually works as is on any other platform for which an interpreter exists. This means
that developers can code on Windows and deploy on UNIX without any major difficulties.
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3. Speed: Out of the box, PHP scripts run faster than most other scripting languages, with numerous
independent benchmarks putting the language ahead of competing alternatives like JSP, [Link],
and Perl. When PHP 4.0 was first released, it raised the performance bar with its completely new
parsing engine. PHP 5.0improves performance even further using an optimized memory manager and
the use of object handles that reduce memory consumption and help applications run faster.
4. Open Source: Possibly the best thing about PHP is that it’s free—its source code is freely
available on the Web, and developers can install and use it without paying licensing fees or investing
in expensive hardware or software. Using PHP can thus significantly reduce the development costs of
a software application, without compromising on either reliability or performance. The open-source
approach also ensures faster bug fixes and quicker integration of new technologies into the core
language, simply due to the much larger base of involved developers.
Database:
MySQL is a relational database management system (RDBMS) which has more than 11 million
installations. The program runs as a server providing multi-user access to a number of
[Link] is owned and sponsored by a single for-profit firm, the Swedish company MySQL
AB, now a subsidiary of Sun Microsystems, which holds the copyright to most of the codebase. The
project & source code is available under terms of the GNU General Public License, as well as under
a variety of proprietary agreements. MySQL" is officially pronounced (MySQL), not
"My sequel & quot;. This adheres to the official ANSI pronunciation; SEQUEL was an earlier
IBM database language, a predecessor to the SQL language. The company does not take issue with
the pronunciation "My sequel " or other local variations.
Uses of MySQL:
MySQL is popular for web applications and acts as the database component of the LAMP, BAMP,
MAMP, and WAMP platforms (Linux/BSD/Mac/Windows-Apache- MySQL-PHP/Perl/Python), and
for open-source bug tracking tools like Bugzilla. Its popularity for use with web applications is
closely tied to the popularity of PHP and Ruby on Rails, which are often combined with MySQL.
PHP and MySQL are essential components for running popular content management systems such as
Expression Engine, Drupal, e107, Joomla!, WordPress and some BitTorrent trackers.
Features of MySQL:
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MySQL’s development history has always been characterized by a clear-eyed focus on the most
important attributes of a good RDBMS: speed and stability. This has resulted in a system that
outperforms most of its competitors without sacrificing reliability or ease of use, thereby gaining it a
loyal base of developers, administrators, and users worldwide.
The following sections describe MySQL’s most compelling features:
1. Speed: In an RDBMS, speed the time taken to execute a query and return the results to the caller
is everything. MySQL scores high on this parameter, with better performance than almost all its
competitors, including commercial systems.
2. The Name Game: Well, the acronym PHP originally stood for “Personal Home Page Tools.”
When PHP 3.0 was released, it was changed into a recursive acronym meaning “PHP: Hypertext
Preprocessor.” More tad bits from PHP’ history are available at
[Link]
3. Reliability: When it comes to reliability, MySQL’s creeds are impeccable. The MySQL RDBMS
has been tested and certified for use in high-volume, mission- critical applications by some of the
world’s largest organizations, including NASA, HP, and Yahoo! Because MySQL has deep roots in
the open-source community, every new release is typically “battle-tested” by users all over the world,
on different operating systems and in different operating conditions, to ensure that it.
4. Security: Security is an important concern when dealing with multi user databases, and MySQL’s
developers have taken a great deal of care to ensure that MySQL is as secure as possible. MySQL
comes with a sophisticated access control and privilege system to prevent unauthorized users from
accessing the system. This system, implemented as a five-tiered privilege hierarchy, enables MySQL
administrators to protect access to sensitive data using a combination of user- and host-based
authentication schemes. Users can be restricted to performing operations only on specific databases
or fields, and MySQL even makes it possible to control which types of queries a user can run, at
database, table, or field level.
5. Scalability: MySQL's scalability refers to its ability to handle increasing amounts of data and user
traffic without compromising performance or availability. This is achieved through various methods:
horizontal scaling by adding more servers, vertical scaling by upgrading hardware, sharding data
across multiple servers, replication for redundancy and load balancing, and indexing for optimized
query performance. By effectively combining these techniques, MySQL can adapt to growing
database demands and maintain efficiency.
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