HUMAN
DEVELOPMENT
PRENATAL INFANCY
(from birth to 18-24 months)
-It’s a time of strong dependence on adults, when
- It entails remarkable key psychological abilities start to develop—like
language, basic thinking, movement coordination,
development—from a and learning from others.
1. Learning to walk
single cell into a fully 2. Learning to take solid foods
3. Learning to talk
formed organism 4. Learning to control the elimination of body
waste
equipped with a brain 5. Learning sex differences and sexual modesty
6. Acquiring concepts and language to describe
and behavioral social ang physical reality
7. Readiness for reading
functions. 8. Learning to distinguish right from wrong and
developing a conscience
EARLY CHILDHOOD MIDDLE & LATE CHILDHOOD
(end of infancy to 5-6yrs) (6-11 yrs of age)
-These are the preschool years, when young children -Children begin to master the basic skills of reading, writing,
begin to take care of themselves, become more and arithmetic. They are formally introduced to the broader
independent, build skills for school, and spend a lot world and its culture. Success and achievement become
of time playing with other children. more important, and their ability to manage themselves
improves.
1. Learning to walk 1. Learning physical skills necessary for ordinary
2. Learning to take solid foods games
3. Learning to talk 2. Building a whole some attitude toward oneself
4. Learning to control the elimination of body 3. Learning to get along with agemates
waste 4. Learning an appropriate sex role
5. Learning sex differences and sexual modesty 5. Developing fundamental skills in reading, writing,
6. Acquiring concepts and language to describe and calculating
social ang physical reality 6. Developing concepts necessary for everyday living
7. Readiness for reading 7. Developing conscience, morality and a scale of
8. Learning to distinguish right from wrong and values
developing a conscience 8. Achieving personal independence
9. Developing acceptable attitudes toward society
ADOLESCENCE
(10-12 yrs of age ending up to 18-22 yrs of age)
-This stage begins with rapid physical changes—significant increases in height and weight, shifts in body
shape, and the development of sexual characteristics such as breast enlargement, growth of pubic and
facial hair, and a deeper voice. The search for independence and personal identity becomes central.
Thinking becomes more logical, abstract, and idealistic, and more time is spent away from the family.
1. Achieving mature relations with both sexes
2. Achieving a masculine or feminine social role
3. Accepting ones physique
4. Achieving emotional independence of adults
5. Preparing for marriage and family life
6. Preparing for an economic career
7. Acquiring values and ethical system to guide behavior
8. Desiring and achieving socially responsible bahavior
EARLY ADULTHOOD
(from late teens or early 20s lasting through the 30s)
-It is a period of building personal and financial independence, developing a career,
choosing a life partner, learning to share life closely with someone, starting a family,
and raising children.
1. Selecting a mate
2. Learning to live with a partner
3. Starting a family
4. Rearing children
5. Managing a home
6. Starting an occupation
7. Assuming a civic responsibility
MIDDLE ADULTHOOD
(40 to 60 yrs of age)
-It is a time of growing personal and social responsibilities—supporting the next
generation in becoming capable and mature, while also achieving and sustaining
fulfillment in one’s career.
1. Helping teenage children to become happy and responsible adults
2. Achieving adult social and civic responsibility
3. Satisfactory career achievement
4. Developing adult leisure time activities
5. Relating to one’s spouse as a person
6. Accepting the physiological changes of middle age
7. Adjusting to aging parent
LATE ADULTHOOD
(60s and above)
-It is a period of adapting to reduced physical strength and health, reflecting on life
experiences, transitioning into retirement, and adjusting to new social roles.
1. Adjusting to decreasing strength and health
2. Adjusting to retirement and reduced income
3. Adjusting to death of spouse
4. Establishing relations with one’s own age group
5. Meeting social and civic obligation
6. Establishing satisfactory living quarters
References
The Child and Adolescent Learners and Learning Principles, OBE &
PPST-Based - Lorimar Academix. (2025, April 15). Lorimar
Academix. [Link]
adolescent-learners-and-learning-principles-obe-ppst-based/