Department of Material Science and Engineering

University of Rajshahi
[Link]. Honours Part-II Second semester Tutorial Examination, 2024
Subject: Material Science and Engineering
Course: STAT 2211: Statistics for Engineers
Full Marks: 10 Time: 1 week
[N.B. All questions are of equal value. Answer All questions.]

Section A
1. What do you mean by data? What is central tendency of a data set? What are the
measures of central tendency? Give an example for each. Show that AM
. Find mean and variance of first n natural numbers.
2. Explain the dispersion of a data. What are its measures? Which measure is the best
and why? When the coefficient of variation is useful?
3. Define with an example for each of i) sample space, ii) union and intersection
of events, iii) probability of an event. State and prove addition law of
probability for two events. Extend the results for three events. Let A and B be
two events with P(A) = 3/8, P(B) = ½ and P(AB) = ¼ .
Find i) P(A or B), ii) P(Ac), iii) P(Bc), iv) P(Ac or Bc ), and v) P(ABc).
4. Explain Bose-Einstein statistics in probability. State and prove the Bayes theorem.
In a bolt factory machine A, B and C manufacture respectively 25%, 35% and
40% of the total and out of their outputs 5%, 4% and 2% are found to be defective
bolts. A bolt is drawn at random from the product and is found to be defective.
What are the probabilities that it was manufactured by machine A, B and C?
5. What do you mean by random variable? Distinguish between discrete and
continuous random variable. State and prove Chebyshev inequality? Let X be the
number scored in throwing a fair die. Show that Chebyshev’s inequality gives
P[|X-m|>2.5]<0.47, where m is the mean of X, while the actual probability is
zero.
6. What is moment generating function? Why it is used? A discrete random
variable X has the following probability distribution:

x 0 1 2
P(X=x) 0.5 0.3 0.2
Determine the moment generating function of X. Determine the mean and
variance by:
(i) using the probability function
(ii) differentiating the MGF.
The discrete random variable, X, which can take only whole number
values, has a moment generating function equal to:
Mx(t )= 0.4+ 0.3et + 0.2e2t + 0.1e3t
Obtain the probability distribution for this random variable.
 7. What do you mean by cumulant generating function?
The cumulant generating function of a random variable X is given by:
Cx(t) = 3{(1-2t)-8 -1}
Calculate:
(i) E(X)
(ii) var(X)
(iii) skew(X)
(iv) the fourth cumulant.
8. What is joint probability density function? The joint PDF of X and Y is as
follows:
fx,y(x,y) = kxy for 0<x, y <1
where k is a constant.
Calculate the value of k.
Calculate P (0.2 ≤ X ≤ 0.5, 0.4 ≤ Y ≤ 0.8). Determine the marginal PDF of X
and that of Y. Are X and Y independent?
9. What do you mean by Binomial probability distribution? Show that it is a
generalized form of Bernoulli distribution. Find the cumulant generating
function of Binomial distribution. Hence, or otherwise, find the mean and
variance of this distribution and show that mean is greater than variance
for Binomial distribution.
10. What do you mean by Poisson probability distribution? Find the cumulant
generating function of Poisson distribution. Show that all the cumulants of
Poisson distribution are equal. Hence, or otherwise, find the shape of this
distribution.
11. What do you mean by Normal probability distribution? Why it is so called?
Show that mean, median and mode of normal distribution are equal. Show
that all the odd order moments vanishes for this distribution. Find the
cumulant generating function of Normal distribution. Hence, or otherwise,
find the shape of this distribution.
Section B
12. What do you mean by scattered diagram? How it is used to explain the correlation
between two variables?
Show that correlation coefficient lies between -1 and +1, i.e., -1≤ r ≤+1.
 Let X and Y be independent variables with means 4 and 8, and variances 9 and 16,
respectively. Suppose U=3X+2Y and V=2X-Y. Find the value of rUV.
13. What do you mean by attribute and association of attributes? Define dichotomous
classification. Write some uses of this classification.
Define rxc contingency table. Describe the procedure to calculate the degrees of
freedom for rxc contingency table.
For a 2x2 contingency table, how can you get the calculating formula of χ2? Give an
example.
14. What do you mean by regression and linear regression model? Write down the
underlying assumptions for estimating a simple linear regression model.
Explain the estimating process to estimate a linear regression model.
Show that OLSE is the BLUE.
15. Define bivariate normal distribution. Explain the parameters of this distribution.
Find the marginal distributions from bivariate distribution.
Find the conditional distribution of Y given X. How can you relate this conditional
distribution to simple linear regression of Y on X?
16. Define a) Null Hypothesis, b) Alternative Hypothesis, c) Type I error, d)
Type II error, e) Level of Significance, f) Rejection Region, and g)
Acceptance Region. State and explain how you test of i) a Single Mean, ii)
a single variance, iii) Equality of two means when their variances are
known and equal / known but unequal / unknown and unequal, and iv)
Equality of two Variances.

Best of Luck