DEPARTMENT OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND MACHINE LEARNING
PHP Programming Semester 3
Course Code BAI358D CIE Marks 50
Teaching Hours/Week (L:T:P: S) 0:0:2:0 SEE Marks 50
Credits 01 Exam Hours 02
Examination type (SEE) Practical
Course objectives:
● To introduce the PHP syntax, elements, and control structures
● To make use of PHP Functions and File handling
● To illustrate the concept of PHP arrays and OOPs
[Link] Experiments
AIM: Introduction to HTML/PHP environment, PHP Data Types, Variables, Literals, and operators
1 a. Develop a PHP program to calculate areas of Triangle and Rectangle.
b. Develop a PHP program to calculate Compound Interest.
2 Demonstrating the various forms to concatenate multiple
strings Develop program(s) to demonstrate concatenation of
strings:
(i) Strings represented with literals (single quote or double quote)
(ii) Strings as variables
(iii) Multiple strings represented with literals (single quote or double quote) and variables
(iv) Strings and string variables containing single quotes as part string contents
(v) Strings containing HTML segments having elements with attributes
3 a. Develop a PHP Program(s) to check given number is:
(i) Odd or even
(ii) Divisible by a given number (N)
(iii) Square of a another number
b. Develop a PHP Program to compute the roots of a quadratic equation by accepting the
coefficients. Print the appropriate messages.
4 a. Develop a PHP program to find the square root of a number by using the newton’s
algorithm.
b. Develop a PHP program to generate Floyd’s triangle.
5 a. Develop a PHP application that reads a list of numbers and calculates mean and standard
deviation.
b. Develop a PHP application that reads scores between 0 and 100 (possibly including both
0 and 100) and creates a histogram array whose elements contain the number of scores
between 0 and 9, 10 and 19, etc. The last “box” in the histogram should include scores
between 90 and 100. Use a function to generate the histogram.
6 a. Develop PHP program to demonstrate the date() with different parameter options.
b. Develop a PHP program to generate the Fibonacci series using a recursive function.
7 Develop a PHP program to accept the file and perform the following
(i)Print the first N lines of a file
(ii) Update/Add the content of a file
8 Develop a PHP program to read the content of the file and print the frequency of occurrence
of the word accepted by the user in the file
PHP Programming-BAI358D 1
DEPARTMENT OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND MACHINE LEARNING
9 Develop a PHP program to filter the elements of an array with key names.
Sample Input Data:
1st array: ('c1' => 'Red', 'c2' => 'Green', 'c3' => 'White', c4 =>
'Black') 2nd array: ('c2', 'c4')
Output:
Arra
y(
[c1] => Red
[c3] =>
White
)
10 Develop a PHP program that illustrates the concept of classes and objects by reading
and printing employee data, including Emp_Name, Emp_ID, Emp_Dept, Emp_Salary, and
Emp_DOJ.
11 a. Develop a PHP program to count the occurrences of Aadhaar numbers present in a text.
b. Develop a PHP program to find the occurrences of a given pattern and replace them with a
text.
12 Develop a PHP program to read the contents of a HTML form and display the contents on a
browser.
NOTE: Necessary HTML elements (and CSS) can be used for designing the experiments.
Course outcomes (Course Skill Set):
At the end of the course, the student will be able to:
● Apply basic concepts of PHP to develop web program
● Develop programs in PHP involving control structures
● Develop programs to handle structured data (object) and data items (array)
● Develop programs to access and manipulate contents of files
● Use super-global arrays and regular expressions to solve real world problems.
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DEPARTMENT OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND MACHINE LEARNING
1. [Link] a PHP program to calculate areas of Triangle and Rectangle.
[Link] a PHP program to calculate Compound Interest.
1.a. Develop a PHP program to calculate areas of Triangle and Rectangle.
<?php
echo"Enter the base of the triangle: ";
$base=fgets(STDIN);
echo"Enter the height of the triangle: ";
$height=fgets(STDIN);
$ta=0.5*$base*$height;
echo"The area of the triangle is:".$ta ."\n";
echo "Enter the length of the rectangle: ";
$length=fgets(STDIN);
echo "Enter the width of the rectangle: ";
$width=fgets(STDIN);
$ra=$length*$width;
echo"The area of the rectangle is:".$ra."\n";
?>
OUTPUT
PHP Programming-BAI358D 3
DEPARTMENT OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND MACHINE LEARNING
1.b Develop a PHP program to calculate Compound Interest.
<?php
function calculateCompoundInterest($principal, $rate, $time, $compoundPeriods) {
$amount = $principal * (pow((1 + ($rate / $compoundPeriods)), ($compoundPeriods * $time)));
$interest = $amount - $principal;
return array($amount, $interest);
}
// Example usage
$principal = 1000;
$rate = 4;
$time = 3;
$compoundPeriods = 4;
list($amount, $interest) = calculateCompoundInterest($principal, $rate, $time, $compoundPeriods);
echo "Principal: $principal\n";
echo "Rate: $rate% \n";
echo "Time: $time years\n";
echo "Compound Periods: $compoundPeriods\n";
echo "Amount: $amount \n";
echo "Interest: $interest \n";
?>
OUTPUT
PHP Programming-BAI358D 4
DEPARTMENT OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND MACHINE LEARNING
2.i)Demonstrating the various forms to concatenate multiple strings Develop program(s) to demonstrate
concatenation of strings using php
(i) Strings represented with literals (single quote or double quote)
(ii) Strings as variables
(iii) Multiple strings represented with literals (single quote or double quote) and variables
(iv) Strings and string variables containing single quotes as part string contents
(v) Strings containing HTML segments having elements with attributes
(i)Strings represented with literals (single quote or double quote)
<?php
// Using single quotes
$string1 = 'Hello';
$string2 = 'World';
$concatenatedString1 = $string1 . ' ' . $string2;
echo $concatenatedString1; // Output: Hello World
// Using double quotes
$concatenatedString2 = "$string1 $string2";
echo $concatenatedString2; // Output: Hello World
?>
(ii)Strings as variables
<?php
// Defining string variables
$firstName = 'John';
$lastName = 'Doe';
// Concatenating string variables
$fullName = $firstName . ' ' . $lastName;
echo $fullName; // Output: John Doe
?>
iii)Multiple strings represented with literals (single quote or double quote) and variables
<?php
$greeting = 'Hello';
$name = 'Alice';
$punctuation = '!';
// Concatenating multiple literals and variables
$message = $greeting . ', ' . $name . $punctuation;
echo $message; // Output: Hello, Alice!
?>
PHP Programming-BAI358D 5
DEPARTMENT OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND MACHINE LEARNING
iv) Multiple strings represented with literals (single quote or double quote) and variables
<?php
$quote = "It's a beautiful day!";
$author = 'John';
// Concatenating strings with single quotes
$fullQuote = $quote . " - " . $author;
echo $fullQuote; // Output: It's a beautiful day! - John
?>
v)Strings containing HTML segments having elements with attributes
<?php
$title = 'Welcome to My Website';
$content = 'This is a simple PHP string concatenation example.';
// Concatenating HTML segments
$htmlOutput = "<h1>$title</h1>" .
"<p>$content</p>" .
"<a href='[Link] target='_blank'>Click here</a>";
echo $htmlOutput;
// Output:
// <h1>Welcome to My Website</h1>
// <p>This is a simple PHP string concatenation example.</p>
// <a href='[Link] target='_blank'>Click here</a>
?>
OUTPUT
PHP Programming-BAI358D 6
DEPARTMENT OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND MACHINE LEARNING
3. [Link] a PHP Program(s) to check given number is:
[Link] or even
[Link] by a given number (N)
[Link] of a another number
[Link] a PHP Program to compute the roots of a quadratic equation by accepting the coefficients. Print the
appropriate messages
3a.i> To check whether the given number is even or odd
<?php
echo "\n Enter the number to find even or odd :";
$number=trim(fgets(STDIN));
// Check if the number is odd or even
if ($number % 2 == 0)
{
echo "\n $number is :Even";
}
else
{
echo "\n $number is :odd";
}
?>
OUTPUT
ii>Check if the number is divisible by a given number (N)
<?php
echo "Enter the number:";
$number=trim(fgets(STDIN));
echo "Enter the dividing number:";
$d=trim(fgets(STDIN));
// Check if the number is divisible by a given number ($d)
if ($number % $d == 0) {
echo "Yes, $number is divisible by $d.";
} else {
echo "No, $number is not divisible by $d ";
}
?>
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DEPARTMENT OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND MACHINE LEARNING
OUTPUT
iii> Square of a another number
<?php
echo "Enter the Number to find square root :";
$number=(int)trim(fgets(STDIN));
$square = sqrt($number);
if ($square * $square == $number)
{
echo "Yes,$number is the square of $square.";
}
else
{
echo "No,$number is not the square of any integer.";
}
?>
OUTPUT
PHP Programming-BAI358D 8
DEPARTMENT OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND MACHINE LEARNING
3.b. Develop a PHP Program to compute the roots of a quadratic equation by accepting the coefficients. Print
the appropriate messages.
<?php
// Function to calculate the roots of a quadratic equation
function calculateRoots($a, $b, $c)
{
// Calculate the discriminant
$discriminant = ($b * $b) - (4 * $a * $c);
// Check the nature of the roots based on the discriminant
if ($discriminant > 0)
{
// Two distinct real roots
$root1 = (-$b + sqrt($discriminant)) / (2 * $a);
$root2 = (-$b - sqrt($discriminant)) / (2 * $a);
echo "The roots are real and distinct:\n";
echo "Root 1: " . round($root1, 2) . "\n";
echo "Root 2: " . round($root2, 2) . "\n";
} elseif ($discriminant == 0)
{
// One double real root
$root = -$b / (2 * $a);
echo "The roots are real and the same (double root):\n";
echo "Root: " . round($root, 2) . "\n";
} else
{
// Complex roots
$realPart = -$b / (2 * $a);
$imaginaryPart = sqrt(-$discriminant) / (2 * $a);
echo "The roots are complex and distinct:\n";
echo "Root 1: " . round($realPart, 2) . " + " . round($imaginaryPart, 2) . "i\n";
echo "Root 2: " . round($realPart, 2) . " - " . round($imaginaryPart, 2) . "i\n";
}
}
// Accepting coefficients from the user
echo "Enter the coefficients of the quadratic equation (ax^2 + bx + c = 0):\n";
echo "Coefficient a: ";
$a = fgets(STDIN);
echo "Coefficient b: ";
$b = floatval(trim(fgets(STDIN)));
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echo "Coefficient c: ";
$c = floatval(trim(fgets(STDIN)));
// Validate that 'a' is not zero
if ($a == 0) {
echo "Coefficient 'a' cannot be zero for a quadratic equation.\n";
} else {
// Calculate and display the roots
calculateRoots($a, $b, $c);
}
?>
OUTPUT
case 1:
If you input
a=1,
b=−3,
c=2
The roots are real and distinct:
Root 1: 2.00
Root 2: 1.00
case 2:
If you input
a=1,
b=2,
c=1:
The roots are real and the same (double root):
Root: -1.00
case 3:
If you input
a=1,
b=1,
c=1:
The roots are complex and distinct:
Root 1: -0.50 + 0.87i
Root 2: -0.50 - 0.87i
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DEPARTMENT OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND MACHINE LEARNING
4a. Develop a PHP program to find the square root of a number by using the newton’s algorithm.
<?php
function squareRoot($number, $tolerance = 0.00001)
{
// Initial guess
$guess = $number;
// Loop until the guess is close enough to the actual square root
while (1)
{
// Calculate a new guess using Newton's formula
$newGuess = 0.5 * ($guess + ($number / $guess));
echo"$newGuess" ."\n";
// Check if the difference is within the specified tolerance
if (abs($newGuess - $guess) < $tolerance)
{
break;
}
// Update guess
$guess = $newGuess;
}
return $newGuess;
}
// Example usage
$number = 4; // Change this to test with different numbers
$squareRootValue = squareRoot($number);
echo "The square root of $number is approximately $squareRootValue";
?>
OUTPUT
PHP Programming-BAI358D 11
DEPARTMENT OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND MACHINE LEARNING
4b. Develop a PHP program to generate Floyd’s triangle.
<?php
function generateFloydsTriangle($rows)
{
$number = 1; // Starting number
for ($i = 1; $i <= $rows; $i++)
{
// Print each row
for ($j = 1; $j <= $i; $j++)
{
echo $number . " ";
$number++; // Increment the number for the next position
}
echo "\n"; // New line after each row
}
}
// Set the number of rows for Floyd's Triangle
$numberOfRows = 5; // You can change this number to generate more or fewer rows
generateFloydsTriangle($numberOfRows);
?>
OUTPUT
PHP Programming-BAI358D 12
DEPARTMENT OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND MACHINE LEARNING
5a. Develop a PHP application that reads a list of numbers and calculates mean and standard deviation
<?php
function calculateMean(array $numbers): float {
$count = count($numbers);
if ($count === 0) {
return 0; // Avoid division by zero
}
$sum = array_sum($numbers);
return $sum / $count;
}
function calculateStandardDeviation(array $numbers): float
{
$mean = calculateMean($numbers);
$sumOfSquares = 0;
foreach ($numbers as $number)
{
$sumOfSquares += pow($number - $mean, 2);
}
$count = count($numbers);
if ($count <= 1)
{
return 0; // Standard deviation is not defined for 0 or 1 element
}
return sqrt($sumOfSquares / ($count - 1)); // Sample standard deviation
}
// Example dataset
$data = [10, 12, 23, 23, 16, 23, 21, 16];
// Calculate mean and standard deviation
$mean = calculateMean($data);
$standardDeviation = calculateStandardDeviation($data);
// Output the results
echo "Data: " . implode(", ", $data) . PHP_EOL;
echo "Mean: " . number_format($mean, 2) . PHP_EOL;
echo "Standard Deviation: " . number_format($standardDeviation, 2) . PHP_EOL;
?>
OUTPUT
PHP Programming-BAI358D 13
DEPARTMENT OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND MACHINE LEARNING
5.b. Develop a PHP application that reads scores between 0 and 100 (possibly including both 0 and 100) and
creates a histogram array whose elements contain the number of scores between 0 and 9, 10 and 19, etc. The
last “box” in the histogram should include scores between 90 and 100. Use a function to generate the histogram.
<?php
function createHistogram($scores)
{
$histogram = array_fill(0, 11, 0);
foreach ($scores as $score)
{
$index = floor($score / 10);
$histogram [$index]++;
}
return $histogram;
}
// Example usage
$scores = [85, 92, 77, 68, 92, 88, 75, 82, 91, 70, 65, 88, 95, 72, 78, 90, 85, 80, 75, 88];
$histogram = createHistogram($scores);
echo "Histogram:\n";
for ($i = 0; $i < 10; $i++) {
echo sprintf("%2d-%2d: %d\n", $i * 10, $i * 10 + 9, $histogram[$i]);
}
echo "90-100: " . $histogram [10] . "\n";
?>
OUTPUT
PHP Programming-BAI358D 14
DEPARTMENT OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND MACHINE LEARNING
6a. Develop PHP program to demonstrate the date() with different parameter options.
<?php
$today = date("F j, Y, g:i p");
echo " ".$today;
$today = date("m.d.y");
echo "\n ".$today;
$today = date("j, n, Y");
echo "\n ".$today;
$today = date("Ymd");
echo "\n ".$today;
$today = date('h-i-s, j-m-y, it is w Day');
echo "\n ".$today;
$today = date('\i\t \i\s \t\h\e jS \d\a\y.');
echo "\n".$today;
$today = date("D M j G:i:s T Y");
echo "\n".$today;
$today = date('H:m:s \m \i\s\ \m\o\n\t\h');
echo "\n".$today;
$today = date("H:i:s");
?>
OUTPUT
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DEPARTMENT OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND MACHINE LEARNING
[Link] a PHP program to generate the Fibonacci series using a recursive function
<?php
// Function to calculate Fibonacci number using recursion
function fibonacci($n) {
// Base cases
if ($n <= 0) {
return 0; // Fibonacci of 0 is 0
} elseif ($n == 1) {
return 1; // Fibonacci of 1 is 1
} else {
// Recursive case
return fibonacci($n - 1) + fibonacci($n - 2);
}
}
// Function to print the Fibonacci series up to the nth term
function printFibonacciSeries($terms)
{
echo "Fibonacci Series up to $terms terms:\n";
for ($i = 0; $i < $terms; $i++)
{
echo fibonacci($i) . " ";
}
echo "\n";
}
// Example usage
$numberOfTerms = 10; // Change this value to generate more or fewer terms
printFibonacciSeries($numberOfTerms);
?>
OUTPUT
PHP Programming-BAI358D 16
DEPARTMENT OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND MACHINE LEARNING
7. Develop a PHP program to accept the file and perform the following
[Link] the first N lines of a file
[Link]/Add the content of a file
<?php
// Function to print the first N lines of a file
function printFirstNLines($filename, $N)
{
$lines = file($filename, FILE_IGNORE_NEW_LINES);
for ($i = 0; $i < min(count($lines), $N); $i++)
{
echo $lines[$i] . "\n";
}
}
// Function to update/add content to a file
function updateFileContent($filename, $content)
{
file_put_contents($filename, $content, FILE_APPEND);
}
// Example usage
$filename = "[Link]";
$N = 5; // Number of lines to print
// Print the first N lines of the file
echo "First $N lines of the file:\n";
printFirstNLines($filename, $N);
echo "\n";
// Update/add content to the file
$newContent = "This is some new content...........\n";
updateFileContent($filename, $newContent);
echo "Content added to the file.\n";
?>
OUTPUT
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DEPARTMENT OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND MACHINE LEARNING
8. Develop a PHP program to read the content of the file and print the frequency of occurrence of the word
accepted by the user in the file
<?php
// Function to count the frequency of a word in a file
function countWordFrequency($filename, $word)
{
// Read the file contents into a string
$fileContents = file_get_contents($filename);
// Check if file reading was successful
if ($fileContents === false)
{
echo "Error reading the file.";
return;
}
// Convert the contents to lowercase to make the search case-insensitive
$fileContents = strtolower($fileContents);
$word = strtolower($word);
// Count the occurrences of the word
$wordCount = substr_count($fileContents, $word);
// Print the result
echo "The word '{$word}' occurs {$wordCount} times in the file.";
}
// Example usage
$filename = "C:\Users\AIML\Desktop\MY_PRAC_PHP\php_lab_programs\[Link]"; // Specify the path to your file
$word = "am"; // Replace with the word you want to search for
countWordFrequency($filename, $word);
?>
OUTPUT
PHP Programming-BAI358D 18
DEPARTMENT OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND MACHINE LEARNING
9. Develop a PHP program to filter the elements of an array with key names.
Sample Input Data:
1st array: ('c1' => 'Red', 'c2' => 'Green', 'c3' => 'White', c4 => 'Black')
2nd array: ('c2', 'c4')
Output:
Array (
[c1] => Red
[c3] =>White
)
/*Develop a PHP program to filter the elements of an array with key names.
Sample Input Data:
1st array: ('c1' => 'Red', 'c2' => 'Green', 'c3' => 'White', c4 => 'Black')
2nd array: ('c2', 'c4') */
<?php
// Sample input data
$colors = [
'c1' => 'Red',
'c2' => 'Green',
'c3' => 'White',
'c4' => 'Black'
];
$keysToFilter = ['c2', 'c4'];
// Function to filter the array
function filterArrayByKeys($array, $keys)
{
return array_filter($array, function($key) use ($keys)
{
return in_array($key, $keys);
}, ARRAY_FILTER_USE_KEY);
}
// Filtering the colors array
$filteredColors = filterArrayByKeys($colors, $keysToFilter);
// Displaying the result
echo "Filtered Colors:\n";
print_r($filteredColors);
?>
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Explanation of the Code
[Link] Data: We define two arrays: $colors, which is an associative array of colors, and $keysToFilter, which
contains the keys we want to filter.
[Link] Definition:
-->The filterArrayByKeys function takes two parameters: the array to be filtered and the keys to filter by.
-->Inside the function, array_filter is used with a callback function that checks if the current key exists in the $keys
array using in_array.
[Link] the Array: We call the filterArrayByKeys function with the $colors array and the $keysToFilter, storing the
result in $filteredColors.
[Link]: Finally, we print the filtered array using print_r, which displays the filtered colors.
OUTPUT
PHP Programming-BAI358D 20
DEPARTMENT OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND MACHINE LEARNING
10. Develop a PHP program that illustrates the concept of classes and objects by reading and printing
employee data, including Emp_Name, Emp_ID, Emp_Dept, Emp_Salary, and Emp_DOJ.
<?php
class Employee
{
// Properties
public $Emp_Name;
public $Emp_ID;
public $Emp_Dept;
public $Emp_Salary;
public $Emp_DOJ;
// Method to set employee data
public function setEmployeeData($name, $id, $dept, $salary, $doj)
{
$this->Emp_Name = $name;
$this->Emp_ID = $id;
$this->Emp_Dept = $dept;
$this->Emp_Salary = $salary;
$this->Emp_DOJ = $doj;
}
// Method to print employee data
public function printEmployeeData()
{
echo "\n Employee Name: " . $this->Emp_Name . "\n";
echo "Employee ID: " . $this->Emp_ID . "\n";
echo "Employee Department: " . $this->Emp_Dept . "\n";
echo "Employee Salary: " . $this->Emp_Salary . "\n";
echo "Employee Date of Joining: " . $this->Emp_DOJ . "\n\n";
}
}
// Creating objects of the Employee class
$employee1 = new Employee();
$employee2 = new Employee();
// Setting employee data using the setEmployeeData method
$employee1->setEmployeeData("John Doe", 1001, "IT", 50000, "2022-01-01");
$employee2->setEmployeeData("Jane Smith", 1002, "HR", 45000, "2023-05-15");
// Printing employee data using the printEmployeeData method
$employee1->printEmployeeData();
$employee2->printEmployeeData();
?>
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OUTPUT
PHP Programming-BAI358D 22
DEPARTMENT OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND MACHINE LEARNING
11.a. Develop a PHP program to count the occurrences of Aadhaar numbers present in a text.
<?php
function countAadhaarOccurrences($text)
{
// Regular expression to match valid Aadhaar numbers
$pattern = "/\b[2-9][0-9]{3}\s[0-9]{4}\s[0-9]{4}\b/";
// Find all matches in the input text
preg_match_all($pattern, $text, $matches);
// Count occurrences
return count($matches[0]);
}
// Example usage
$text = "Here are some Aadhaar numbers: 2347 5678 9412, 2345 6789 43, 2256 7890 124";
$count = countAadhaarOccurrences($text);
echo "Number of valid Aadhaar numbers found: " . $count;
?>
OUTPUT
[Link] a PHP program to find the occurrences of a given pattern and replace them with a text.
<?php
// Define the input string
$string = "\n The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog. The fox is clever.\n \n ";
// Define the value to find (e.g., "fox")
$find = "fox";
// Define the replacement text
$replace = "cat";
// Replace all occurrences of the find value with the replace text
$new_string = str_replace($find, $replace, $string);
// Output the modified string
echo "\n $new_string";
?>
OUTPUT
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DEPARTMENT OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND MACHINE LEARNING
12. Develop a PHP program to read the contents of a HTML form and display the contents on a browser.
Save as [Link]
<html>
<body>
<form action="[Link]" method="POST">
Name: <input type="text" name="name"><br>
E-mail: <input type="text" name="email"><br>
<input type="submit">
</form>
</body>
</html>
Save as [Link]
<html>
<body>
Welcome <?php echo $_GET["name"]; ?><br>
Your email address is: <?php echo $_GET["email"]; ?>
</body>
</html>
OUTPUT
Welcome Praveen
Your email address is:praveenr@[Link]
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