INTRODUCTION

This project is based on biogas,which is increasingly used

as an alternative source of energy,in today's world where
there is crisis for [Link] civilisation has been using
energy in different form from the very first day of
their existence.
Most of this energy comes from fossil fuels,which supply nearly
75%of the world's [Link] abundant,cheap energy provided
by fossil fuels has made it possible for humans to exploit a
staggering variety of resources, effectively expanding their
resource [Link] particular,the development of mechanized
agriculture has allowed relatively few farmers to work vast
tracts of land,producing an abundance of food and making
possible a wild growth of [Link] fossil fuels are being
depleted a hundred thousand times faster than they are being
[Link] current rates of consumption,known reserves of
Petroleum will be gone in about thirty-five years;natural gas in
fifty-two years; and coal in some two hundred [Link]
there is a need to look for alternative sources of energy
including in rural areas of INDIA where majority people
[Link] PLANT is one of the alternatives which are
efficient,cost effective and [Link] project tells about the
construction,working, cost,advantages and demand of biogas
in coming decades.

INDEX
1)BIOGAS
 2) BIOGAS PLANT
BIOGAS GENERATION SYSTEM
3) TEMPERATURE
4) METHANOGENS
4) TYPES OF BIOGAS PLANT
5) RAW MATERIAL FOR BIOGAS
PRODUCTION
6) QUALITY OF BIOGAS
7) APPLICATION OF BIOGAS
8) BIOGAS AND RURAL PEOPLE
9) ECONOMICS

10) SCOPE OF TECHNOLOGY

11) PROBLEMS FACED
12) RECOMMENDATION
13) CONCLUSION
14) BIBLIOGRAPHY
BIOGAS PLANT

WHAT IS BIOGAS?

Biogas is a flammable gas that accrues from the fermentation

of biomass in biogas [Link] typically refers to a gas
produced by the biological breakdown of organic matter in
the absence of [Link] originates from biogenic
material and is a type of biofuel.

Biogas is a renewable sourceof energy.

Organic waste such as dead plant and animal
material,animal dung,and kitchen waste can be converted
into a gaseous fuel called biogas.

Biogas comprises primarily methane (CH4)and carbon

dioxide (CO₂)and may have small amounts of hydrogen
sulphide (H₂S), moisture and siloxanes.

The gases methane,hydrogen,and carbon monoxide (CO)can

be combusted or oxidized with [Link] can be used as
a fuel in any country for any heating purpose,such as
[Link] can also be used in anaerobic digesters where it is
typically used in a gas engine to convert the energy in the gas
into electricity and [Link] can be compressed,much like
natural gas,and used to power motor vehicles.

HOW IS BIOGAS GENERATED?

Biogas is practically produced as landfill gas (LFG)or digester

[Link] can be produced using anaerobic [Link]
plants can be fed with energy crops such as maize silage or
biodegradable wastes including sewage sludge and food
waste. During the process,an air-tight tank transforms
biomass waste into methane producing renewable energy.

Landfill gas is produced by wet organic waste decomposing

under anaerobic conditions in a [Link] waste is covered
and mechanically compressed by the weight of the material
that is deposited from [Link] material prevents oxygen
exposure thus allowing anaerobic microbes to [Link] gas
builds up.

WHAT IS BIOGAS PLANT?

A biogas plant is the name often given to an anaerobic
digester that treats farm wastes or energy [Link] can
be produced using anaerobic digesters.
A biogas plant consists of the following things-
Concrete tank (digester)-The bio wastes are collected here.
>Floating cover-It is placed over the tank and it keeps on
rising as the gas keeps on increasing in the tank.
>An outlet-The outlet is connected to a pipe through which
the gas is collected and further used.
Slurry collector-Here cow dung is added which contains
bacteria methanogens,which is present in the rumen part
of the stomach of cattle,that act on the bio wastes and
produce
methane gas.
Sludge collector-The spent slurry is removed through
this and can be used as fertilizer or various purposes.
calcium,sulphur,zinc,[Link] white mineral deposits accumulate to
a surface thickness of several millimetres and must be removed by chemical
or mechanical [Link] Dioxide, Nitrogen,and Oxygen-containing
organics also cause problems. Water,hydrogen sulphide,and halogens also
play a role depending on the end use of the [Link] and costeffective
technologies to remove siloxanes and other biogas contaminants are
currently available.

APPLICATION OF BIOGAS
Biogas is a renewable source of [Link] it is cleaner and greener and
friendly it is used for a variety of purposes.

Biogas production units provide a decentralized fuel supply and waste

management system,both of which are becoming increasingly
attractive,particularly in rural areas of developing countries.
The enormous potential of biogas,estimated at 17,000 MW. The capacity
was derived principally from estimated agricultural residues and dung
from India's 300 million [Link] technology may have the potential
to short- circuit the energy transition'and is described from biomass to
'modern'fuels.
With the bourgeoning population in metro cities and growth of urban
centres,the enormity of waste generated is proving to be a huge task
for disposal by city municipal authorities. Therefore,this process,driven
further can turn out to be best boon in waste management.
The scope for saving huge funds used for transporting the waste as at
present is [Link] the search and location for landfills and
promotion of pollution in areas nearer to urban centres can be avoided.
The gas is useful as a fuel substitute for firewood,dung, agricultural
residues, petrol, diesel, and electricity, depending on the nature of the
task,and local supply
BIOGAS AND RURAL PEOPLE
Biogas technology is a particularly useful system in the Indian
rural economy,and can fulfil several end [Link] Indian
Agricultural Research Institute(IARI)and Khadi and Village
Industries Commission(KVIC)introduce biogas technology in rural
[Link] is known as"gobar gas"in rural [Link] to huge
availability of cow dung in rural areas it is growing as a huge
source of energy.

Due to less cost of biogas plant it can set up in every household

and the people get various benefits from it.

[Link] USE-
·The people get manure and gas for their personal use like
lighting and cooking.
·Child education improves as they are no longer needed in
collection and process of fire wood and the mother can
spare time on child education
·Soil fertility increases as the humus in the form of organic
fertilizer is applied and replaces the chemical fertilizers.
·Women empowerment is seen as she generates income
equalling the family income per year.
[Link]- Small-scale industries are also made
possible,from the sale of surplus gas to the provision of
power for a rural-based industry;therefore,biogas may also
provide the user with income generating [Link]
gas can also be used to power engines,in a dual fuel mix
with petrol and diesel,and can aid in pumped irrigation
systems.

[Link] MANAGEMENT- At village level,Taluk and District

levels,the waste management is effectively carried out by
optimum utilization of bio-waste for producing bio- [Link]
addition,the spending by local self-governments is
drastically cut down by using the Bio-waste for producing
bio-gas and thereby contributes for better environment.
[Link] &EMPLOYMENT GENERATION- By introducing the
digesters at individual households,ample employment is
generated for villagers,income by way of sale of bio-
gas,sale of residuals etc.
ECONOMICS
Biogas plant can be set up at individual level [Link] is within the
range of farmer [Link] setting up of big biogas plant
takes about 5 lakh which can be regained within few years by
selling of the gas [Link] materials are also easily
available and priceless.

SCOPE OF THE TECHNOLOGY:

Enriched biogas is made moisture free by passing it through
filters,after which it is compressed up to 200 bar pressure using a
three stage gas [Link] gas is stored in high
pressure steel cylinders as used for [Link] is large potential
of this technology in buses,tractors,cars,auto rickshaws, irrigation
pump sets and in rural [Link] will help to meet energy
demand for rural masses thus reducing burden of petroleum
demand,moving towards energy security and will improve
economic status by creating employment generation in rural
area.

PROBLEMS FACED IN INDIA

·Many people and farmers are not aware of the technology
and thus cannot obtain optimum utilisation.
 BIBLIOGRAPHY

● WIKIPEDIA
● BOOKS ON BIOGAS PLANT ●GOOGLE
● NCERT BOOK CLASS 12"CBSE
● [Link]
● NEWSPAPER