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Data Converters: Class 39 & 40 G Boopalan Associate Professor Sense

The document provides an overview of data converters, focusing on Analog-to-Digital Converters (ADC) and Digital-to-Analog Converters (DAC), including their principles, techniques, and circuit designs. It discusses various conversion methods, such as binary weighted ladder and R-2R ladder networks, along with problem statements and examples for practical understanding. Additionally, it covers resolution, disadvantages of certain DAC types, and includes problems related to A/D and D/A conversions.

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madhusri.k2005
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4 views40 pages

Data Converters: Class 39 & 40 G Boopalan Associate Professor Sense

The document provides an overview of data converters, focusing on Analog-to-Digital Converters (ADC) and Digital-to-Analog Converters (DAC), including their principles, techniques, and circuit designs. It discusses various conversion methods, such as binary weighted ladder and R-2R ladder networks, along with problem statements and examples for practical understanding. Additionally, it covers resolution, disadvantages of certain DAC types, and includes problems related to A/D and D/A conversions.

Uploaded by

madhusri.k2005
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Data converters

Class 39 & 40
G Boopalan
Associate Professor
SENSE
Outline

 Analog Vs Digital
 ADC & DAC
 Sample and hold circuits
 D/A conversion techniques
 A/D conversion techniques
Analog interface
ADC
Principal function of ADC
Relation between analog voltage Vs
digital bits
Principal function of a Digital-to-
Analogue Converter (DAC)
Block diagram
Binary weighted ladder type
Problem statement

Let Rf = 10 k, R1 = 10 k, R2 = 20 k, R3 = 40 k, R4 = 80 k. Obtain the analog


output for binary inputs [0000], [0001], [0010], …. [1111] for the following cases.
1. Considering binary input 1 is 1 V and 0 as 0 V.
2. Considering binary input 1 as 5 V and 0 as 0 V.
Input and output values of four-bit DAC
Resolution

where
Vout – output voltage
N - no. of bits
Disadvantage

 A 12 bit DAC of this type would require the largest scaling resistor to be 2048
times the smallest, so this approach quickly becomes impractical
R-2R Ladder network DAC
DAC output
R-2R Ladder network DAC
Applying zero to all inputs
Analysis
Analysis cont..
Analysis cont..
Analysis cont..
Analysis cont..
Analysis cont..
Analysis cont..
Input-output values of R-2R ladder

Digital
VOUT Expression VOUT 1 0 0 0 (8*5 + 0*5 + 0*5 + 0*5)/16 2.5000
Inputs

D C B A (8*VD + 4*VC + 2*VB + 1*VA)/24 in Volts


1 0 0 1 (8*5 + 0*5 + 0*5 + 1*5)/16 2.8125
0 0 0 0 (0*5 + 0*5 + 0*5 + 0*5)/16 0

0 0 0 1 (0*5 + 0*5 + 0*5 + 1*5)/16 0.3125 1 0 1 0 (8*5 + 0*5 + 2*5 + 0*5)/16 3.1250

0 0 1 0 (0*5 + 0*5 + 2*5 + 0*5)/16 0.6250


1 0 1 1 (8*5 + 0*5 + 2*5 + 1*5)/16 3.4375

0 0 1 1 (0*5 + 0*5 + 2*5 + 1*5)/16 0.9375


1 1 0 0 (8*5 + 4*5 + 0*5 + 0*5)/16 3.7500
0 1 0 0 (0*5 + 4*5 + 0*5 + 0*5)/16 1.2500

0 1 0 1 (0*5 + 4*5 + 0*5 + 1*5)/16 1.5625 1 1 0 1 (8*5 + 4*5 + 0*5 + 1*5)/16 4.0625

0 1 1 0 (0*5 + 4*5 + 2*5 + 0*5)/16 1.8750


1 1 1 0 (8*5 + 4*5 + 2*5 + 0*5)/16 4.3750
0 1 1 1 (0*5 + 4*5 + 2*5 + 1*5)/16 2.1875
1 1 1 1 (8*5 + 4*5 + 2*5 + 1*5)/16 4.6875
Generalized expression
DAC’s transfer function
DAC’s transfer function …
ADC
Analog Vs Digital
A/D Converter
Encoder

 a combinational circuit
 maximum of 2n input lines and ‘n’ output lines
 produce a binary code equivalent to the input, which is active High
 encodes 2n input lines with ‘n’ bits
Input Vs Output
A/D Converter
Problem 1

 A system uses a 12 bit word to represent the input signal. If the maximum
peak-to-peak voltage at the output is set to 4 V, find the resolution and
dynamic range.
Problem 2

 An 8 bit D/A converter has a resolution of 10 mV/bit. Find the analog output
voltage for the inputs
a. 10001010 and b. 00010000
Problem 3

 An 8 bit A/D converter accepts an input voltage signal of range 0 to 10 V.


a. What is the minimum value of the input voltage required to generate a
change of 1 LSB?
b. What is the digital output for an input voltage of 4.8 V?
Successive approximation 3-bit ADC
Timing diagram
Q&A

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