Tutorial Example

INTRODUCTION TO WIND DESIGN

 2

Global coordinate system North 16 m

Example y

35-Storey RC residential building 9m

H = 122.5 m
h = 3.5 m x x

36.3 m
Nyy = 0.333 Hz (vibrate along y-y dir)
Nxx = 0.4 Hz

Wind direction y

South Building North 48.3 m

South

Question:
a) Determine the along-wind shear force, moment and
𝐻𝑡 = 250 m torsion at the base level using both comprehensive
𝑍𝑡 = 150 m
and simplified methods.
b) Check the across-wind effect.
c) Peak acceleration due to x1-wind for return period
𝐿𝑈 = 800 m 𝐿𝐷 = 1500 m of 10 years.
3
 4

North Local coordinate system North

Case 1 Case 2

𝒙𝟏 𝒚𝟐
𝒚𝟏 𝑊𝑧,𝑥2
𝒙𝟐

𝑩
South South
𝑊𝑧,𝑥1
Along-wind Along-wind Across-wind
Along-wind forces Torsion
shear moment moment

𝑊𝑧 = 𝑄𝑧 𝐶𝑓 𝑆𝑞,𝑧 𝐵 𝑉𝑥 𝑀𝑦 𝑇𝑧 𝑀𝑥

𝑄𝑧 = 𝑄𝑜,𝑧 𝑆𝑡 𝑆𝜃
 5

Topography factor (Appendix A3)

𝑄𝑧 = 𝑄𝑜,𝑧 𝑺𝒕 𝑆𝜃
Check
250
1. upwind slope 𝜓𝑈 = = 0.31 > 0.05
800
𝑍 150
2. upwind side 𝐻𝑡 = = 0.6 > 0.5
𝑡 250
𝑍𝑡
= 0.6 < 1.0
i.e. within the topography significant zone. Local 𝐻𝑡
topography effect should be considered. 𝑍𝜓𝑒 (81.7)(0.3)
= = 0.098 < 2.0
For upwind section and hill/ridges 𝐻𝑡 250
Topographic multiplier 𝑆𝑡 is given as
2
2
𝐾𝑢2 = 0.3542 0.098 − 1.0577 0.098 + 2.6465 = 2.546
2𝜓𝑒 𝑠
𝑆𝑡 = 1 + 𝐾𝑢1 = 0.1552 0.098 4 − 0.8575 0.098 3
+ 1.8133 0.098 2
1 + 3.7𝐼𝑣,𝑧 −1.9115 0.098 + 1.0124 = 0.842
𝑠 = 𝐾𝑢1 𝑒 [−𝐾𝑢2 (1−𝑍𝑡 /𝐻𝑡)] = (0.842)𝑒 − 2.546 1−0.6
= 0.304
where
2 2
Take 𝑍 = 𝐻 = 122.5 = 81.7 m
3 3 2 2
2𝜓𝑒 𝑠 2(0.3)(0.304)
𝜓𝑒 = min 0.3, 𝜓𝑈 = 0.3 𝑆𝑡 = 1 + = 1+ = 𝟏. 𝟐𝟕𝟗
1 + 3.7𝐼𝑣,𝑧 1 + 3.7(0.106)
𝐼𝑣,𝑧 = 𝐼𝑜,𝑧 = 0.087(𝑍/500)−0.11 = 0.106 Assume the same on both directions
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Directionality factor (Appendix A1)

𝑄𝑧 = 𝑄𝑜,𝑧 𝑆𝑡 𝑺𝜽
𝑆𝜃,𝑁 = 0.82
N 𝑆𝜃,𝑁𝐸 = 0.84
𝑆𝜃,𝑁𝑊 = 0.80
𝑆𝜃,𝑥1 = 0.85
⇒ 𝑆𝜃 = 0.85
𝑆𝜃,𝑥2 = 0.84 ≅ 0.85
Let 𝑆𝜃,𝑥1 = 𝑆𝜃,𝑥2 for
simplicity

𝑆𝜃,𝑊 = 0.82 𝑆𝜃,𝐸 = 0.85

W E

𝑆𝜃,𝑆𝑊 = 0.84 𝑆𝜃,𝑆𝐸 = 0.85

S
𝑆𝜃,𝑆 = 0.85
 7
0.16 𝑄𝑧 = 𝑄𝑜,𝑧 𝑆𝑡 𝑆𝜃,𝑥𝑖
𝑄𝑜,𝑧 = 3.7 𝑍𝑒 /500
Reference wind pressure and May conservatively takes
Storey Z (m) 𝑸𝒐,𝒛 (kPa) 𝑸𝒛 (kPa)
Wind pressure (Clause 3.1) 35F 122.5 2.95 3.21 𝑄ℎ = 3.21 kPa
34F 119 2.94 3.20
33F 115.5 2.93 3.18 i.e. uniformly distributed along z
32F 112 2.91 3.17
𝑄𝑧 = 𝑄𝑜,𝑧 𝑆𝑡 𝑆𝜃 31F 108.5 2.90 3.15 122.5
30F 105 2.88 3.13
where 29F 101.5 2.87 3.12
28F 98 2.85 3.10
0.16 105.0
𝑄𝑜,𝑧 = 3.7 𝑍𝑒 /500 27F 94.5 2.83 3.08
26F 91 2.82 3.06
25F 87.5 2.80 3.04
𝑆𝑡 = 1.279 24F 84 2.78 3.02
23F 80.5 2.76 3.00 87.5
𝑆𝜃 = 0.85 22F 77 2.74 2.98
21F 73.5 2.72 2.96
20F 70 2.70 2.94
Ignore sheltering effect, 𝑍𝑒 → 𝑍 19F 66.5 2.68 2.91 70.0

Height (m)
18F 63 2.66 2.89
17F 59.5 2.63 2.86
16F 56 2.61 2.83
52.5
15F 52.5 2.58 2.80
14F 49 2.55 2.77
13F 45.5 2.52 2.74
12F 42 2.49 2.71
𝑊𝑧,𝑥2 11F 38.5 2.45 2.67
35.0
10F 35 2.42 2.63
9F 31.5 2.38 2.58
West 8F 28 2.33 2.54 17.5
7F 24.5 2.28 2.48
6F 21 2.23 2.42
5F 17.5 2.16 2.35
4F 14 2.09 2.27 0.0
3F 10.5 1.99 2.17 0.00 1.00 2.00 3.00 4.00
2F 7 1.87 2.03
𝑊𝑧,𝑥1 South 1F 3.5 1.67 1.82 Pressure (kPa)
GF 0 1.59 1.73
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Optional Clause 4.2.4 16 𝑚

Force coefficient (Clause 4.2.1) 𝑤
=
16
= 0.331 → 0.31
𝐵 48.3
𝑤 9𝑚
For x1-direction: 𝐵 = 48.3 m Ignore sheltering effect 1−2
𝐵
1 − cos 𝜃

36.3 𝑚
16
𝐷 = 36.3 m 𝐻 = 𝐻𝑒 = 122.5 m = 1 − 2(0.31)(1 −
18.36
)
= 0.92

122.5
0.055( )
𝐶𝑓 = 1.1 + 36.3 𝑊𝑧,𝑥1
[1.7−0.0013(122.5/36.3)2 ]
48.3 122.5 𝜃1
exp log 𝑒 [(0.6 × )(1 − 0.011 × )]
36.3 36.3
𝐶𝑓 = 𝟏. 𝟐𝟔𝟕 48.3 𝑚

Optional 𝑊𝑧 = 𝑄𝑧 𝑪𝒇 𝑆𝑞,𝑧 𝐵
𝑤 9
For x2-direction: 𝐵 = 36.3 m Ignore sheltering effect =
𝐵 36.3
= 0.25
9
𝐷 = 48.3 m 𝐻 = 𝐻𝑒 = 122.5 m 1 − 2(0.25)(1 −
18.36
) Clause 4.2.3
= 0.747

122.5
0.055( )
𝐶𝑓 = 1.1 + 48.3
[1.7−0.0013(122.5/48.3)2 ]
36.3 122.5
exp log 𝑒 [(0.6 × )(1 − 0.011 × )]
48.3 48.3
𝐶𝑓 = 𝟏. 𝟏𝟔𝟖
𝑤
1−2 1 − cos 𝜃
𝐵
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Force coefficient (Detail calculation for Cf along x1-direction)

For x1-direction: 𝐵 = 48.3 m

𝐷 = 36.3 m 𝐻 = 𝐻𝑒 = 122.5 m

122.5
0.055( )
𝐶𝑓 = 1.1 + 36.3
[1.7−0.0013(122.5/36.3)2 ]
48.3 122.5 𝐵 𝐻
exp log 𝑒 [(0.6 × )(1 − 0.011 × )] = 1.331 = 3.375
36.3 36.3 𝐷 𝐷
0.186
𝐶𝑓 = 1.1 +
exp log 𝑒 [0.769] [1.685]
0.186
𝐶𝑓 = 1.1 +
exp −0.263 [1.685]
0.186
𝐶𝑓 = 1.1 +
exp (0.263)[1.685]
0.186
𝐶𝑓 = 1.1 +
exp 0.105
0.186
𝐶𝑓 = 1.1 +
1.111
𝐶𝑓 = 𝟏. 𝟐𝟔𝟕
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Size and dynamic coefficient (Clause 5.2 & Appendix C1)

0.25
𝑆𝑞,ℎ = 0.5 + (𝑆𝑆(𝐿0.5𝑝=𝐵) − 0.5)2 +
For x1-direction and at z = H 𝐵0.5 𝐻𝑁𝑥 2 𝜉𝑥

𝑆𝑆(𝐿0.5𝑝=𝐵) = exp 0.17 − 0.07𝐿0.5𝑝 0.32 = exp 0.17 − 0.07𝐵0.32 = 0.930

𝒙𝟏
𝑁𝑥 = 0.333 Hz 𝜉𝑥 = 3% 𝐵 = 48.3 m
𝒚𝟏
0.25
𝑆𝑞,ℎ = 0.5 + (0.930 − 0.5)2 + = 𝟏. 𝟎𝟐𝟑
48.3 0.5 (122.5) 0.333 2 (0.03)

For x2-direction and at z = H

𝑆𝑆(𝐿0.5𝑝=𝐵) = exp 0.17 − 0.07𝐵0.32 = 0.950 𝒙𝟐

𝑁𝑥 = 0. 4 Hz 𝜉𝑥 = 3% 𝐵 = 36.3 m

0.25
𝑆𝑞,ℎ = 0.5 + (0.950 − 0.5)2 + = 𝟏. 𝟎𝟐𝟑
36.3 0.5 (122.5) 0.4 2 (0.03)

𝐻 122.5
= = 3.4 < 4
𝐷 𝑚𝑎𝑥 36.3
Value of 𝑆𝑞,ℎ can be reduced by using equation: 𝑆𝑞,𝑧 = 𝑆𝑞,ℎ − 1.2(𝑆𝑞,ℎ − 10/𝐻 0.14 )(1 − 𝑍/𝐻)
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Eccentricity for torsion (Clause 2.2.2) 𝑊𝑧 = 𝑄𝑧 𝐶𝑓 𝑆𝑞,𝑧 𝐵

For x1-direction:
𝐵 48.3
= = 1.331
𝐷 36.3
0.2𝐵 − 0.05𝐵
𝑒1 = ± 0.05𝐵 + × 1.331 − 1 = ±2.894 m
6−1

Same along the building height

𝑒1
𝑭𝒛,𝒙𝟏

For x2-direction:
𝑭𝒛,𝒙𝟐
𝐵 36.3
= = 0.751 < 1 𝑒2
𝐷 48.3
𝑒2 = ±(0.05𝐵) = ±1.815 m
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Storey Z (m) Qz (kPa) Sq,z Az (m2) Fz (kN) Mz (kNm) Tz (kNm)
35 122.5 3.21 1.023 85 351.9 43101.8 1018.3
𝑇𝑧 = 𝐹𝑧 × 𝑒1
M1. Comprehensive method 34
33
119.0
115.5
3.20
3.18
1.012
1.001
169
169
693.0
682.2
82462.6
78795.7
2005.4
1974.3
32 112.0 3.17 0.990 169 671.5 75202.6 1943.2 𝒙𝟏
31 108.5 3.15 0.979 169 660.7 71683.4 1912.0
For x1-direction: 30 105.0 3.13 0.968 169 649.9 68237.9 1880.8
29 101.5 3.12 0.957 169 639.1 64866.0 1849.5
28 98.0 3.10 0.946 169 628.2 61567.7 1818.1 𝒚𝟏
𝐶𝑓 = 1.267 27 94.5 3.08 0.935 169 617.4 58342.9 1786.7
26 91.0 3.06 0.925 169 606.5 55191.4 1755.2
𝑒1 = ±2.894 m 25 87.5 3.04 0.914 169 595.6 52113.4 1723.6
24 84.0 3.02 0.903 169 584.6 49108.6 1691.9
23 80.5 3.00 0.892 169 573.6 46177.2 1660.1
22 77.0 2.98 0.881 169 562.6 43319.0 1628.1
𝑄𝑧 = 𝑄𝑜,𝑧 𝑆𝑡 𝑆𝜃 21 73.5 2.96 0.870 169 551.5 40534.1 1596.0
Projected area 20 70.0 2.94 0.859 169 540.3 37822.6 1563.7
19 66.5 2.91 0.848 169 529.1 35184.4 1531.2
𝐹𝑧 = 𝑄𝑧 𝐶𝑓 𝑆𝑞,𝑧 𝐴𝑧 18 63.0 2.89 0.837 169 517.8 32619.6 1498.4
17 59.5 2.86 0.826 169 506.4 30128.5 1465.4
𝑀𝑧 = 𝐹𝑧 × 𝑧 16 56.0 2.83 0.815 169 494.8 27711.0 1432.1
15 52.5 2.80 0.804 169 483.2 25367.6 1398.4 𝐹𝑧,𝑥1
14 49.0 2.77 0.793 169 471.4 23098.3 1364.2
13 45.5 2.74 0.782 169 459.4 20903.7 1329.6
12 42.0 2.71 0.772 169 447.2 18784.1 1294.3
11 38.5 2.67 0.761 169 434.8 16740.2 1258.3
10 35.0 2.63 0.750 169 422.1 14772.7 1221.5
9 31.5 2.58 0.739 169 409.0 12882.7 1183.6
i-th storey 8 28.0 2.54 0.728 169 395.4 11071.2 1144.3
𝐹𝑧 7 24.5 2.48 0.717 169 381.2 9340.2 1103.3
6 21.0 2.42 0.706 169 366.3 7691.8 1060.0 𝑉𝑏,𝑥1 = 17582.5 kN
5 17.5 2.35 0.695 169 350.2 6129.2 1013.6
𝑧 4 14.0 2.27 0.684 169 332.6 4657.0 962.7 𝑀𝑏,𝑦1𝑦1 = 1231797.0 kNm
3 10.5 2.17 0.673 169 312.6 3282.3 904.7
2 7.0 2.03 0.662 169 288.2 2017.5 834.1 𝑇𝑏1 = 50883.9 kNm
1 3.5 1.82 0.651 169 253.7 887.9 734.2
0 0.0 1.73 0.640 85 118.6 0.0 343.1
SUM 17582.5 1231797.0 50883.9
 13
Storey Z (m) Qz (kPa) Sq,z Az (m2) Fz (kN) Mz (kNm) Tz (kNm)
35 122.5 3.21 1.023 64 243.7 29854.9 442.3
M1. Comprehensive method 34
33
119.0
115.5
3.20
3.18
1.012
1.001
127
127
480.0
472.5
57118.5
54578.6
871.2
857.7
32 112.0 3.17 0.990 127 465.1 52089.9 844.1 𝒚𝟐
31 108.5 3.15 0.979 127 457.6 49652.3 830.6
For x2-direction: 30 105.0 3.13 0.968 127 450.1 47265.7 817.0
29 101.5 3.12 0.957 127 442.7 44930.2 803.4
28 98.0 3.10 0.946 127 435.2 42645.6 789.8 𝒙𝟐
𝐶𝑓 = 1.168 27 94.5 3.08 0.935 127 427.6 40411.9 776.2
26 91.0 3.06 0.925 127 420.1 38229.0 762.5
𝑒2 = ±1.815 m 25 87.5 3.04 0.914 127 412.5 36097.0 748.8
24 84.0 3.02 0.903 127 404.9 34015.7 735.0
23 80.5 3.00 0.892 127 397.3 31985.2 721.2
22 77.0 2.98 0.881 127 389.7 30005.5 707.3
21 73.5 2.96 0.870 127 382.0 28076.5 693.3
20 70.0 2.94 0.859 127 374.3 26198.3 679.3 𝐹𝑧,𝑥2
19 66.5 2.91 0.848 127 366.5 24370.9 665.2
𝐹𝑧 = 𝑄𝑧 𝐶𝑓 𝑆𝑞,𝑧 𝐴𝑧 18 63.0 2.89 0.837 127 358.6 22594.5 650.9
17 59.5 2.86 0.826 127 350.7 20868.9 636.6
16 56.0 2.83 0.815 127 342.8 19194.5 622.1
15 52.5 2.80 0.804 127 334.7 17571.2 607.5
14 49.0 2.77 0.793 127 326.5 15999.4 592.6
13 45.5 2.74 0.782 127 318.2 14479.3 577.6
12 42.0 2.71 0.772 127 309.8 13011.1 562.3
11 38.5 2.67 0.761 127 301.2 11595.4 546.6
10 35.0 2.63 0.750 127 292.4 10232.6 530.6
9 31.5 2.58 0.739 127 283.3 8923.4 514.2
i-th storey 8 28.0 2.54 0.728 127 273.9 7668.7 497.1 𝑉𝑏,𝑥2 = 12178.8 kN
𝐹𝑧 7 24.5 2.48 0.717 127 264.1 6469.7 479.3
6 21.0 2.42 0.706 127 253.7 5327.8 460.5 𝑀𝑏,𝑦2𝑦2 = 853219.4 kNm
5 17.5 2.35 0.695 127 242.6 4245.5 440.3
𝑧 4 14.0 2.27 0.684 127 230.4 3225.7 418.2
3 10.5 2.17 0.673 127 216.5 2273.6 393.0
2 7.0 2.03 0.662 127 199.6 1397.4 362.3 𝑇𝑏 = max 𝑇𝑏1 , 𝑇𝑏2
1 3.5 1.82 0.651 127 175.7 615.1 318.9 𝑇𝑏 = ±50883.9kNm
0 0.0 1.73 0.640 64 82.1 0.0 149.0
SUM 12178.8 853219.4 22104.5
 14

M2. Simplified method Assume wind pressure is

uniformly distributed Local coordinate system
For x1-direction: 𝑄ℎ = 3.21 kPa

𝑄ℎ = 3.21 kPa 𝑊𝑧,𝑥1 = 𝑄𝑧 𝐶𝑓 𝑆𝑞,𝑧 𝐵

𝑊𝑧,𝑥1 = (3.21)(1.267)(1.023)(48.3) 𝒙𝟏
𝐶𝑓 = 1.267 𝑊𝑧,𝑥1 = 201.1 kN/m

36.3 𝑚
𝒚𝟏
𝑆𝑞,ℎ = 1.023 𝑉𝑏,𝑥1 = 𝑊𝑧,𝑥1 𝐻 = 201.1 122.5 = 24629.6 kN 𝑊𝑧
𝑒1 = ±2.894 m 𝑊𝑧,𝑥1 𝐻 2
𝑀𝑏,𝑦1𝑦1 = = 1508561.9 kNm
2 𝑊𝑧,𝑥1
𝑇𝑏1 = (𝑊𝑧,𝑥1 𝐻)𝑒1 = ±71278.2 kNm

For x2-direction: 48.3 𝑚

𝑄ℎ = 3.21 kPa 𝑊𝑧,𝑥2 = 𝑄𝑧 𝐶𝑓 𝑆𝑞,𝑧 𝐵

𝑊𝑧,𝑥2 = (3.21)(1.168)(1.023)(36.3)
𝐶𝑓 = 1.168 𝑊𝑧,𝑥2 = 139.3 kN/m
𝑆𝑞,ℎ = 1.023 𝑉𝑏,𝑥2 = 𝑊𝑧,𝑥2 𝐻 = 139.3 122.5 = 17059.9 kN
𝑒2 = ±1.815 m 𝑊𝑧,𝑥2 𝐻 2 For torsion,
𝑀𝑏,𝑦2𝑦2 = = 1044920 kNm
2 𝑇𝑏 = max( 𝑇𝑏1 , 𝑇𝑏2 ) = ±71278.2 kNm
𝑇𝑏2 = (𝑊𝑧,𝑥2 𝐻)𝑒1 = ±30963.8 kNm
 15

Across-wind checking (Clause 2.2.3)

CHECK
1. 𝐻 = 122.5 m > 100 m, not OK Need to compute
across-wind base
𝐻
2. = 3.375 < 5, OK moment
min[𝐵,𝐷]

3. 𝑁𝑥𝑥 = 0.333 < 0.5 Hz, not OK

𝑁𝑦𝑦 = 0.4 < 0.5 Hz, not OK y

Along-wind
Across-wind motion
motion

x x

36.3 m
Torsional
motion

Wind

y
48.3 m
 16

Across-wind base moment

𝒙𝟏
For x1-direction:
3.3 𝒚𝟏
𝐺𝑟𝑦 𝜌𝑎 0.215 2𝛾𝑤 𝑄ℎ /𝜌𝑎 𝐻𝑏 2
𝑀𝑥1𝑥1,𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑒 = ±
𝛾𝑤 𝜉𝑦 0.5 𝑁𝑦 1.3 (𝐵𝐷)𝑏 0.15 1 + 3.7𝐼𝑣,ℎ 3
𝑊𝑧,𝑥1
= ±14.959 × 0.001288 × 5409.612 × 5002.083
= ±521393.2 kNm

Take 𝐻𝑏 = 𝐻 = 122.5 m 𝑁𝑦 = 𝟎. 𝟒 Hz (along y1)

−0.11
𝐻
𝐺𝑟𝑦 = 2 log 𝑒 (1800𝑁𝑦 ) = 3.627 𝑄ℎ = 𝑄𝑜,ℎ 𝑆𝑡 𝑆𝜃 = 3.21 kPa 𝐼𝑣,ℎ = 𝐼𝑜,ℎ = 0.087 = 0.10
500
𝛾𝑤 = 1.4 (𝐵𝐷)𝑏 = 𝐵 × 𝐷 = 1753.3 m2 𝜉𝑦 = 3%
𝜌𝑎 = 1.2 × 10−3 T/m3 (Average plan area of the enclosing rectangular over the top third of the building)

For x2-direction:

Take 𝑁𝑦 = 𝟎. 𝟑𝟑𝟑 Hz 𝐺𝑟𝑦 = 2 log 𝑒 (1800𝑁𝑦 ) = 3.577

𝑀𝑥2𝑥2,𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑒 = ±651626.2 kNm

 17

𝑇𝑏,𝑥2 = ±30963.8 kNm

Across-wind base moment (using results from simplified method as example)
𝑇𝑏,𝑥1 = ±71278.2 kNm
𝑀𝑏,𝑦1𝑦1 𝑉𝑏,𝑥2 = 17059.9 kN
= 1508561.9 kNm 𝑀𝑥2𝑥2,𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑒 = 651626.2 kNm

𝑉𝑏,𝑥1 = 24629.6 kN

𝑊𝑧,𝑥2 = 139.3 kN/m

𝑀𝑥1𝑥1,𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑒
= ±521393.2 kNm 𝑀𝑏,𝑦2𝑦2
𝑊𝑧,𝑥1 = 201.1 kN/m = 1044920 kNm
max(𝑀−𝑥1𝑥1 ,𝑀+𝑥1𝑥1 )
If > 1, 𝑊𝑧,𝑥2
𝑀+𝑦2𝑦2
Check X1-direction Check X2-direction should be factored (clause 2.2.3).
𝑀𝑥2𝑥2 651626.2 𝑀𝑥1𝑥1 521393.2
= = 0.43 < 1 = = 0.5 < 1
𝑀𝑦1𝑦1 1508561.9 𝑀𝑦2𝑦2 1044920
i.e. no need to amplify along-wind force i.e. no need to amplify along-wind force
along x1-direction and across wind loads along x2-direction and across wind loads
can be ignored. can be ignored.
 18

Wind load combination Global coordinate system 𝒀

At the i-th storey

±Δ𝑇𝑧
±𝑊𝑧,𝑥2

±𝑊𝑧,𝑥1
Input the forces at each floor level (diaphragm) in
computer model.
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Acceleration (clause 2.4)

For x1-direction: Peak acceleration for orthogonal direction (i.e. across-wind direction) is given as
3.3 𝜂𝑦
𝐺𝑟𝑦 𝜌𝑎 0.215 2𝑆𝑟 𝑄ℎ /𝜌𝑎 𝐻𝑏 2 + 𝜂𝑦 𝑍
𝐴𝑧 = 0.5 1.3 0.15
= 0.0734 m/s2
𝜉𝑦 𝑁𝑦 (𝐵𝐷)𝑏 1 + 3.7𝐼𝑣,ℎ 3𝑀ℎ 3 𝐻𝑏

Take 𝐻𝑏 = 𝐻 = 122.5 m and consider the top level, i.e. 𝑍 = 𝐻 𝑁𝑦 = 𝟎. 𝟒 Hz

−0.11
𝐻
𝐺𝑟𝑦 = 2 log 𝑒 (1800𝑁𝑦 ) = 3.627 𝑄ℎ = 𝑄𝑜,ℎ 𝑆𝑡 𝑆𝜃 = 3.21 kPa 𝐼𝑣,ℎ = 𝐼𝑜,ℎ = 0.087 = 0.10
500
𝛾𝑤 = 1.4 𝜉𝑦 = 2%
𝜌𝑎 = 1.2 × 10−3 T/m3 Extra information 𝑀ℎ : mass of the building above 2Hb/3

(𝐵𝐷)𝑏 = 𝐵 × 𝐷 = 1753.3 m2 Take 𝑀ℎ = 25000 tons (roughly estimate from the

(𝐵𝐷)𝑏 > 𝐻2 /9 = 1667.4 m2 floor plan)
Take (𝐵𝐷)𝑏 = 1667.4

𝜂𝑦 = 1.5

𝑆𝑟 = 0.55 for Return Period of 10 years

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Acceleration (clause 2.4)

For Residential building under X1-wind with 𝑁𝑦 =

𝟎. 𝟒 Hz and considering wind with return period of
10 years
Acc Limit = 0.22 m/s2 (roughly)

At 𝑧 = 𝐻, 𝐴𝑧 = 0.0734 ms2 < limit, OK

Try other elevation z and return period R