CHAPTER 2

NO TREND
BLOCK 1: CHART

By E2BF Writing & Proofing Team

1. Các chủ điểm ngữ pháp chính
So sánh tính từ
Kết nối câu so sánh
¡while
While there are 4 million miles of train lines in the UK,
there are only 3 million in France.
¡whereas
Whereas the majority of the French prefer to travel to
work by train, only a small minority of the British do.
¡although
Although 15% of the French read novels, only 5% of the
British do.
¡but
Almost 25% of French females study math with a private
tutor, but nearly 60% study English with one.
So sánh tương phản

ØHowever,

ØIn contrast/ On the contrary

ØOn the other hand

Miêu tả số liệu
¡80% four-fifths
¡75% ???
¡70% seven in ten.
¡65% ???
¡77% just over three quarters.
¡49%???
Percentage
proportion / number / amount / majority / minority

¡75% – 85%: a very large majority, the vast

majority,

¡65% – 75%: a significant proportion

¡10% – 15%: a minority, holds a rather minuscule

share, is rather negligible

¡5% a very small number

Xếp hạng số liệu

¡The first, the second , the third is

¡Ranked in the first, second.

¡Largest proportion, second largest is

2. VIẾT MỞ BÀI
2 Bước mở bài.
1. Bước 1: Đọc hiểu thông tin, gạch dưới từ khóa
biến đổi được.

2. Bước 2: Tìm từ đồng nghĩa với từ khóa biến đổi

được (Bạn có thể thay đổi ngữ pháp của đề
nhưng điều này không giúp nhiều).
The graph shows the number of mobile phones and

landlines per 100 users, for selected countries.

The pie charts provided indicate changes in

American spending patterns between 1966 and

1996.
1. Mở bài

The first pie chart compares the shares of four

major items in global expenditure and the second

pie chart illustrates how global population is

distributed.
Lựa chọn các chi tiết

¡Có bao nhiêu phần trong biểu đồ? Tên chúng?

¡Phần nào chiếm tỉ lệ lớn nhất/nhỏ nhất?

¡Các phần nào có tỉ lệ gần giống nhau?

Chúng ta có cấu trúc:

¡It is clear that ____represents the largest portion.....

whereas _____ is the smallest.

¡Overall, the largest proportion of money in the

world is allocated to food, while transport,

housing and clothing are other significant items.

¡Moreover, the population of Asia is responsible for

the largest group of humans.

CÔNG THỨC MIÊU TẢ NO TREND
1. LỚN NHẤT HẠNG GẤP (HƠN, NHẤT, XẾP HẠNG)
1. The proposition of food was 24% which was higher than

transport and housing, with 18% and 12% respectively.

2. Food is the largest part of world consumption with 24%.

/ Food represent the largest part of world consumption.

3. Food was ranked in the first with 24%, higher compared to

transport , which accounted 18% and was ranked the second.

Gấp
The portion of Food was roughly 3 in 10 (24%),

which was four times larger compared to clothing,

with a very small share of 6%.

2. There was/ were số + being
There + be + số

Chú ý bạn cần chia động từ to be theo đúng thì trong bài. Nếu là thời gian

trong quá khứ, dùng thì quá khứ đơn, còn nếu bài không nhắc đến thời

gian, dùng thì hiện tại đơn trong bài viết.

There was 3 million dollars being spent on TV advertising last year

There was almost 3 in 10 (24%) of world spending being expensed on Food.

There was 24%... Có để vậy không?

There was almost 3 in 10 (24%) of world

spending being expensed on Food.

3. Sở hữu cách + was/were
Toyota’s expenditure on TV advertising was much higher than that

on newspaper, at 3 and 2 million dollars respectively.

Food’s proportion was …

Food’s proportion in the world consumption was almost 3 in 10

(24%), which was higher compared to ….

Food’s proportion was …

Food’s proportion in the world consumption

was almost 3 in 10 (24%) which was higher

compared to ….
4. The amount/ number/percentage

Đây là cấu trúc đơn giản và phổ biến nhất để miêu tả số liệu. Tuy nhiên, bạn

cần lưu ý cách sử dụng từ đo lường đã được nhắc đến ở trên và chia động

từ to be đúng thì

The amount of money used for TV commercials by Toyota last year was 3

million dollars

The proportion of the world spending for food was almost 3 in 10 (24%)
The proportion of the world spending for food

was almost 3 in 10 (24%)

5. Số Was the amount/ number/percentage
Đẩy số liệu lên đầu câu để đóng vai trò như chủ ngữ trong câu là cách miêu

tả số liệu tiếp theo. Chú ý rằng với số liệu dù lớn dù nhỏ, động từ vẫn được

chia ở số ít.

3 million dollars was the amount of money that Toyota used last year for TV

commercials

Almost 3 in 10 (24%) was The proportion of the world spending for food
Almost 3 in 10 (24%)…

was The proportion of the world spending for

food
6. To account for /constitute/amount to/ contribute
Các động từ trên đều có nghĩa là “chiếm” và thường chỉ được dùng để miêu tả đơn

vị %.

Toyota’s expenditure on TV advertising last year accounted for 30%.

Food constituted almost 3 in 10 (24%) to the world expenditure.

Food contributed almost 3 in 10 (24%) to the world expenditure.

1. Mở bài

The first pie chart compares the shares of four

major items in global expenditure and the second

pie chart illustrates how global population is

distributed.
Overview

Dùng công thức represents

Hoặc 1 cách khác
It is clear that four items are responsible for three-

fifths of the overall spending around the world, with

the most prominent share being that of food. Moreover,

the largest group of humans populates Asia, the

population of which outnumbers that of the rest of the

world by 3 to 2.
Người ta trả nhiều nhất cho Food, sau đó đến transport và housing
cũng chiếm 1 phần đáng kể (được xếp thứ 3)

It is observed that the most significant amounts

are paid for food (almost a quarter of global

expenditure) and transport (almost 20%), while

housing also accounts for a considerable

proportion.
Thứ được chi ít nhất là clouthing và 40% là tỷ lệ cho nhóm những
thứ khác.

The least among the four is spent on clothing

(merely 6 percent) and the remaining 40% is spent

on a variety of other items.

Nó chứng kiến 1 sự khác biệt rõ rệt giữ dân số Aisa và các nơi khác.
Cứ 5 người có 3 người sống tại châu Á

According to this chart, there is a significant

difference between the population of Asia and that

of other continents since 3 out of every 5 human

beings live in Asia.

Europe và Americas chia 1 tỷ tệ đồng đều trong khi Africa chỉ chiếm
gần 1/10

Europe and the Americas share similar proportions

and together are host to roughly one-third of the

world’s population, while the inhabitants of Africa

form a mere one-tenth.

Thêm 1 bài nữa nhé
The pie charts below
show how dangerous
waste products are
dealt with in three
countries.
INTRODUCTION
The pie charts below show how dangerous waste products
are dealt with in three countries.

=> The charts compare three countries in terms of the

methods (that are) used to treat hazardous waste
products.
OVERVIEW
Overall, recycling is the most widely-used approach to
treating hazardous waste in Korea, in contrast to Sweden
and the UK which rely mainly on landfills. Furthermore,
the United Kingdom employs a more varied set of waste
handling schemes.
BODY 1 (Korea + Sweden)
In Korea, the most significant share of dangerous waste
(70%) is recycled. The second highest proportion, 22%,
is buried underground while less than half this figure is
incinerated.
BODY 1 (Korea + Sweden)
Sweden, on the other hand, favours landfills over the
other two approaches since more than half of all
dangerous waste is buried underground. There is little
difference between the shares of recycling and burning,
as the former accounts for 25% whereas that of the latter
is lower by a margin of 5%.
BODY 1 (Korea + Sweden) - FULL
In Korea, the most significant share of dangerous waste
(70%) is recycled. The second highest proportion, 22%,
is buried underground while less than half this figure is
incinerated. Sweden, on the other hand, favours landfills
over the other two approaches since more than half of all
dangerous waste is buried underground. There is little
difference between the shares of recycling and burning,
as the former accounts for 25% whereas that of the latter
is lower by a margin of 5%.
BODY 2 (UK)
The most popular method in the United Kingdom, like in
Sweden, is burying which contributes 82%. The UK also
dumps 8% of its waste at sea while treating a similar
proportion with chemicals to render it harmless.
Incineration is responsible for a mere 2%.
ANOTHER ONE!
The pie charts below compare water usage in San Diego,

California and the rest of the world.

INTRODUCTION
The pie charts give information about the water used for
residential, industrial and agricultural purposes in San
Diego County, California, and the world as a whole.
OVERVIEW
It is noticeable that more water is consumed by homes

than by industry or agriculture in the two American

regions. By contrast, agriculture accounts for the vast

majority of water used worldwide.

BODY 1 (Residential + Agriculture)
In San Diego County and California State, residential water

consumption accounts for 60% and 39% of total water

usage. By contrast, a mere 8% of the water used globally

goes to homes.
BODY 1 (Residential + Agriculture)
The opposite trend can be seen when we look at water

consumption for agriculture. This accounts for a massive

69% of global water use, but only 17% and 28% of water

usage in San Diego and California respectively.

BODY 2 (Industry)
Such dramatic differences are not seen when we

compare the figures for industrial water use. The same

proportion of water (23%) is used by industry in San Diego

and worldwide, while the figure for California is 10%

higher, at 33%.