 At absolute zero, a pure semiconductor behaves  Adding pentavalent impurities to silicon

as: produces:
A. Conductor A. Intrinsic semiconductor
B. Insulator B. p-type semiconductor
C. Semiconductor C. n-type semiconductor
D. Superconductor D. Insulator
Answer: B Answer: C

 The energy gap of silicon at room temperature  Adding trivalent impurities to silicon produces:
is approximately: A. Intrinsic semiconductor
A. 0.7 eV B. p-type semiconductor
B. 1.1 eV C. n-type semiconductor
C. 1.5 eV D. Insulator
D. 2.0 eV Answer: B
Answer: B
 Which property increases with temperature in
 Which band in a semiconductor is completely semiconductors?
filled at 0 K? A. Resistivity
A. Conduction band B. Conductivity
B. Forbidden band C. Band gap
C. Impurity band D. None
D. Valence band Answer: B
Answer: D
 Intrinsic semiconductors have equal numbers
See: ENGG 412 (Materials/Testing) p. 100
of:
ENGG 412 - Engg Materials, Prop… A. Donors and acceptors
B. Protons and electrons
 The resistivity of semiconductors lies between:
C. Electrons and holes
A. Superconductors and metals
D. None
B. Dielectrics and conductors
Answer: C
C. Metals and insulators
D. None of the above  Which semiconductor is preferred for high-
Answer: C speed devices?
See (related resistivity/conductivity): ENGG 412 A. Silicon
(Materials/Testing) pp. 93–94 B. Germanium
C. Gallium arsenide
ENGG 412 - Engg Materials, Prop…
D. Cadmium telluride
 Which charge carriers dominate in n-type Answer: C
semiconductors?
 Which semiconductor is commonly used in solar
A. Holes
cells?
B. Electrons
A. Silicon
C. Both equally
B. Germanium
D. None
C. Gallium arsenide
Answer: B
D. Cadmium telluride
 Which charge carriers dominate in p-type Answer: A
semiconductors?
 Which semiconductor is used in LEDs?
A. Holes
A. Silicon
B. Electrons
B. Germanium
C. Both equally
C. Gallium arsenide
D. None
D. Cadmium telluride
Answer: A
Answer: C
 Which semiconductor is used in high-frequency B. Germanium
microwave devices? C. Gallium arsenide
A. Silicon D. Cadmium telluride
B. Germanium Answer: D
C. Gallium arsenide
A) CERAMICS (Q1–Q20)
D. Cadmium telluride
Answer: C 1. A Frenkel defect in ceramics is best
described as:
 Which semiconductor is used in
A. Paired cation–anion vacancies
photodetectors?
B. A cation displaced from its normal site
A. Silicon
C. Extra atoms occupying interstitial sites
B. Germanium
only
C. Gallium arsenide
D. A missing electron in the valence band
D. Cadmium telluride
Answer: B (See Materials PDF p. 27)
Answer: A
2. A Schottky defect is:
 Which semiconductor is used in infrared
A. A cation displaced to an interstitial
detectors?
position
A. Silicon
B. A paired set of cation and anion vacancies
B. Germanium
C. A grain boundary crack
C. Gallium arsenide
D. An impurity cluster only
D. Cadmium telluride
Answer: B (See Materials PDF p. 27)
Answer: B
3. For brittle ceramic materials, room-
 Which semiconductor is used in integrated temperature behavior is commonly:
circuits due to abundance and cost-effectiveness? A. Highly plastic before failure
A. Silicon B. Elastic with brittle failure
B. Germanium C. Viscous flow
C. Gallium arsenide D. Superelastic
D. Cadmium telluride Answer: B (See Materials PDF p. 28)
Answer: A
4. A common test used to measure elastic
See (IC context): ENGG 412 (Materials/Testing) p.
modulus for brittle ceramics is:
93
A. Impact (Charpy) test
ENGG 412 - Engg Materials, Prop… B. 3-point bend test
 Which semiconductor is used in thin-film solar C. Torsion test
cells? D. Creep test
A. Silicon Answer: B (See Materials PDF p. 28)
B. Germanium 5. Tensile tests on brittle materials are difficult
C. Gallium arsenide mainly because:
D. Cadmium telluride A. They melt at low temperature
Answer: D B. They show very small strain before
fracture
 Which semiconductor is used in laser diodes?
C. They are too ductile
A. Silicon
D. They always neck before fracture
B. Germanium
Answer: B (See Materials PDF p. 28)
C. Gallium arsenide
D. Cadmium telluride 6. In the MgO/Al₂O₃ phase diagram example,
Answer: C the interceramic compound formula is:
A. Mg₂AlO₄
 Which semiconductor is used in radiation
B. MgAl₂O₄
detectors?
C. MgAlO₂
A. Silicon
 D. Mg₂Al₂O₅ A. Soft and ductile to absorb energy
Answer: B (See Materials PDF p. 28) B. Hard and brittle to fracture projectiles
C. Rubber-like to rebound projectiles
7. “Die blanks” need which key ceramic
D. Liquid-filled to dissipate heat
property?
Answer: B (See Materials PDF p. 31)
A. High electrical conductivity
B. Wear resistance 14. Example facing plate materials for ceramic
C. High ductility armor include:
D. High magnetic permeability A. Al₂O₃, B₄C, SiC, TiB₂
Answer: B (See Materials PDF p. 30) B. PLA, PMMA, UHMWPE
C. Pure gold and platinum
8. Polycrystalline diamond is used on die
D. Wood and paper
surfaces mainly to:
Answer: A (See Materials PDF p. 31)
A. Increase ductility
B. Give uniform hardness in all directions 15. In ceramic armor, the backing sheets are
and reduce wear typically:
C. Lower melting point A. Hard and brittle
D. Improve corrosion by galvanic action B. Soft and ductile to absorb remaining
Answer: B (See Materials PDF p. 30) energy
C. Glassy and transparent
9. Ceramic cutting tools may be used for:
D. Purely ceramic only
A. Cutting only soft plastics
Answer: B (See Materials PDF p. 31)
B. Grinding glass/tungsten carbide/ceramics
and cutting Si wafers 16. Most commercial glasses are commonly of
C. Only woodworking the:
D. Only low-temperature applications A. Alumina–silica–magnesia variety
Answer: B (See Materials PDF p. 30) B. Silica–soda–lime variety
C. Iron–carbon variety
10. Refractories are ceramics primarily designed
D. Nickel–chromium variety
to:
Answer: B (See Materials PDF p. 32)
A. Conduct electricity
B. Be used at high temperatures (e.g., 17. In soda–lime glass, silica is commonly
furnaces) supplied as:
C. Be transparent A. Soda ash
D. Be biodegradable B. Limestone
Answer: B (See Materials PDF p. 31) C. Common quartz sand
D. Graphite
11. Silica refractories are generally:
Answer: C (See Materials PDF p. 32)
A. Alumina-rich with no silica
B. Silica-rich with small alumina additions 18. For optical transparency in glass products, it
C. Iron-based is essential the glass be:
D. Polymer-based A. Highly porous
Answer: B (See Materials PDF p. 31) B. Homogeneous and pore-free
C. Made only from recycled glass
12. Candidate advanced ceramics for
D. Fully crystalline
automobile engines include:
Answer: B (See Materials PDF p. 32)
A. Cu, Al, Fe
B. Si₃N₄, SiC, ZrO₂ 19. In float glass sheet forming, molten glass is
C. PMMA, PLA, PCL floated on:
D. Paper, glass, rubber A. Molten aluminum
Answer: B (See Materials PDF p. 31) B. Molten tin
C. Molten copper
13. In ceramic armor, the facing plates are
D. Water
typically:
Answer: B (See Materials PDF p. 32)
 20. A common hydroplastic forming technique 26. Design goals of fiber-reinforced composites
for ceramics is: often include:
A. Electroplating A. High strength/stiffness on a weight basis
B. Extrusion B. High density and high cost
C. Arc welding C. Maximum electrical resistance only
D. Injection of molten metal D. Low specific strength
Answer: B (See Materials PDF p. 32–33) Answer: A (See Materials PDF p. 55)

27. Specific strength is the ratio of:

A. Density / tensile strength
B) COMPOSITES (Q21–Q40)
B. Tensile strength / specific gravity
21. Large-particle composites often require C. Modulus / density²
which condition for strong reinforcement? D. Hardness / toughness
A. Weak interface bonding Answer: B (See Materials PDF p. 55)
B. Strong bonding at the matrix–particle
28. Specific modulus is the ratio of:
interface
A. Modulus of elasticity / specific gravity
C. No matrix at all
B. Yield strength / ductility
D. Completely porous particles
C. Toughness / hardness
Answer: B (See Materials PDF p. 55)
D. Strain / stress
22. A common cermet used for cutting tools is: Answer: A (See Materials PDF p. 55)
A. UHMWPE in rubber
29. Fibers are termed “continuous” when:
B. Cemented carbide (WC or TiC) in Co or Ni
A. l < lc
matrix
B. l ≈ lc
C. Glass in water
C. l > 15lc
D. Paper in polymer
D. l = 0
Answer: B (See Materials PDF p. 55)
Answer: C (See Materials PDF p. 55–56)
23. Concrete is best described as:
30. Short/discontinuous fibers with length far
A. A metal–metal composite
below critical length provide little
B. A ceramic–ceramic composite with
reinforcement because:
aggregate bound by cement
A. The fiber melts
C. A single-phase ceramic
B. There is virtually no stress transfer
D. A polymer foam
C. The matrix disappears
Answer: B (See Materials PDF p. 55)
D. The fiber becomes ductile
24. Dispersion-strengthened composites Answer: B (See Materials PDF p. 56)
typically have particle diameters around:
31. Two extreme fiber orientations discussed
A. 10–100 nm
are:
B. 10–100 µm
A. Cross-ply and angle-ply only
C. 1–10 mm
B. Parallel alignment and totally random
D. 1–10 cm
alignment
Answer: A (See Materials PDF p. 55)
C. Circular and square alignment
25. Dispersion strengthening is valued because D. Vertical stacking only
it: Answer: B (See Materials PDF p. 55–56)
A. Only works at low temperature
32. Better overall fiber composite properties
B. Can be retained at elevated temperatures
occur when fiber distribution is:
for long periods (particles unreactive)
A. Highly clustered
C. Requires melting the matrix every cycle
B. Uniform
D. Always decreases hardness
C. Only near the surface
Answer: B (See Materials PDF p. 55)
D. Only at the center
Answer: B (See Materials PDF p. 56)
33. Whiskers are best described as: D. Glass bottle
A. Thick polycrystalline fibers Answer: B (See Materials PDF p. 61–62)
B. Very thin single crystals with very large
40. In sandwich panels, the outer sheets (faces)
length-to-diameter ratios
mainly:
C. Hollow polymer tubes
A. Carry bending loads
D. Metal foils
B. Provide all electrical conduction
Answer: B (See Materials PDF p. 56–57)
C. Act only as decoration
34. Examples of whisker materials include: D. Must be low stiffness
A. Graphite, SiC, Si₃N₄, Al₂O₃ Answer: A (See Materials PDF p. 62)
B. Paper, glass, wood, rubber
C. PMMA, PLA, PCL, silicone
D. NaCl, sugar, water, oil C) BIOMATERIALS (Q41–Q60)
Answer: A (See Materials PDF p. 57)
41. A biomaterial is intended to:
35. “Fibers” (as a classification) are typically: A. Only conduct electricity in circuits
A. Only metals with large diameters B. Interface with biological systems to
B. Polycrystalline or amorphous with small treat/augment/replace tissue or function
diameters (often polymers/ceramics) C. Always dissolve in water immediately
C. Always single crystals D. Only be used in engines
D. Always liquid Answer: B (See Materials PDF p. 64–65)
Answer: B (See Materials PDF p. 57)
42. Biomaterials must generally:
36. “Wires” (fiber classification) are: A. Produce toxic substances
A. Very thin single crystals B. Be compatible with body tissues (no
B. Fine wires with relatively large diameters adverse biological reactions)
(e.g., steel, Mo, W) C. Be magnetic always
C. Only polymers D. Have maximum brittleness
D. Only ceramics Answer: B (See Materials PDF p. 65)
Answer: B (See Materials PDF p. 57)
43. Materials that may be used as biomaterials
37. Pultrusion is used to manufacture include:
components having: A. Metals, ceramics, polymers, composites,
A. Random shapes only semiconductors
B. Continuous length and constant cross- B. Only wood and paper
section (rods/tubes/beams) C. Only glass
C. Only flat plates D. Only rubber
D. Only hollow spheres Answer: A (See Materials PDF p. 65)
Answer: B (See Materials PDF p. 61)
44. Metals used for biomedical applications
38. Prepreg is best described as: should show:
A. Fibers fully cured with no resin A. High corrosion resistance,
B. Continuous fibers pre-impregnated with biocompatibility, high wear resistance,
partially cured polymer resin (tape form) excellent mechanical properties
C. Only metal powders B. Low corrosion resistance and low
D. Only ceramic foam strength
Answer: B (See Materials PDF p. 61) C. High brittleness only
D. High toxicity for sterilization
39. Filament winding forms a:
Answer: A (See Materials PDF p. 65)
A. Solid cube
B. Hollow (usually cylindrical) shape with 45. A key reason many metallic biomaterials
fibers in a pattern resist corrosion is:
C. Paper laminate A. They rust instantly
B. They form a stable surface oxide layer
 C. They are biodegradable 52. PLA and PGA are:
D. They are porous A. Always metallic and permanent
Answer: B (See Materials PDF p. 65) B. Biodegradable polymers used for
implants/fixation devices
46. “Stress shielding” happens when:
C. Glass additives
A. Metal modulus is lower than bone
D. Pure ceramics only
B. Metal modulus is greater than bone,
Answer: B (See Materials PDF p. 66–67)
reducing load on the bone
C. Bone becomes stronger because load 53. Hydrogels are used extensively for:
increases A. Engine blocks
D. Polymer dissolves inside bone B. Soft contact lenses (and drug
Answer: B (See Materials PDF p. 65) delivery/tissue engineering uses listed)
C. Cutting tools
47. Stress shielding can eventually lead to:
D. Furnace linings
A. Increased bone quality always
Answer: B (See Materials PDF p. 67)
B. Loss of bone quality due to remodeling
under lower load 54. Implantable bioceramics should be:
C. Instant bone fusion A. Toxic and carcinogenic
D. Zero change in bone B. Non-toxic, non-carcinogenic, non-
Answer: B (See Materials PDF p. 65) allergenic, not inflammatory, etc.
C. Highly ductile metals only
48. Titanium and its alloys are valued for:
D. Always biodegradable within hours
A. Heavy weight and poor corrosion
Answer: B (See Materials PDF p. 68)
resistance
B. Light weight, excellent corrosion 55. Alumina (Al₂O₃) as a bioceramic is known
resistance, enhanced biocompatibility for:
C. High toxicity A. High electrical conductivity
D. Being biodegradable like paper B. Inertness, biocompatibility, excellent
Answer: B (See Materials PDF p. 65) wear resistance
C. Being soft and ductile
49. Stainless steel is noted (in the table) for high
D. Being a fuel
elastic modulus around:
Answer: B (See Materials PDF p. 68)
A. 19 GPa
B. 90 GPa 56. Calcium phosphates (e.g., hydroxyapatite)
C. ~190 GPa are described as:
D. 1000 GPa A. Very ductile in tension
Answer: C (See Materials PDF p. 65) B. Brittle but strong in compression
C. Always liquid
50. UHMWPE is commonly used in orthopedics
D. Only used in electronics
because it has:
Answer: B (See Materials PDF p. 68)
A. Poor wear properties
B. Superior wear properties; tough and 57. Plaster of Paris (CaSO₄·H₂O) is associated
ductile with:
C. High brittleness only A. Rapid resorption and biocompatibility;
D. High electrical conductivity bone regeneration
Answer: B (See Materials PDF p. 66) B. High magnetic storage
C. Rocket propulsion
51. PMMA is used in orthopedics mainly as:
D. Solar cell absorption
A. Bone cement to stabilize prostheses
Answer: A (See Materials PDF p. 68)
B. A ceramic armor plate
C. A rocket propellant 58. Natural biomaterials should ideally be:
D. A metal ingot A. Toxic and expensive
Answer: A (See Materials PDF p. 66) B. Non-toxic, non-inflammatory, non-
allergenic, low cost, etc.
 C. Only metallic B. Enhanced SPF and transparency; particles
D. Only ceramic sit on skin rather than penetrate
Answer: B (See Materials PDF p. 69) C. No UV blocking
D. Being only metallic
59. Collagen is valued because it can:
Answer: B (See Materials PDF p. 78)
A. Mimic extracellular matrix features and
help guide tissue regeneration/wound 65. One disadvantage of nanomaterials listed is:
healing A. Always perfectly stable
B. Only function as metal coating B. Fine metal particles can act as strong
C. Always cause immune response explosives due to high surface area and
D. Cannot be resorbed oxygen contact
Answer: A (See Materials PDF p. 69) C. Zero difficulty in synthesis
D. No disposal issues
60. Coral is described as:
Answer: B (See Materials PDF p. 78)
A. Toxic and non-biocompatible
B. Biocompatible and osteoconductive; 66. “Top-down” vs “bottom-up” synthesis is
properties comparable to cancellous bone described as:
C. A semiconductor A. Only melting vs freezing
D. A polymer adhesive B. Dis-assembling bulk solids vs assembling
Answer: B (See Materials PDF p. 71) atoms
C. Painting vs polishing
D. Welding vs riveting
D) NANOMATERIALS (Q61–Q70) Answer: B (See Materials PDF p. 78)
61. A nanocomposite type described as “zero- 67. Mechanical attrition (mechanical grinding) is
dimensional particles in a matrix” ideally an example of:
means: A. Bottom-up method only
A. Particles must all touch each other B. Top-down method (structural
B. Individual particles ideally do not touch decomposition of coarser grains)
each other C. Biological digestion
C. Matrix is removed D. Electroplating
D. Only continuous fibers are used Answer: B (See Materials PDF p. 79)
Answer: B (See Materials PDF p. 75)
68. Wet chemical synthesis examples include:
62. One-dimensional nanocomposites consist A. Only forging
of: B. Top-down (etching single crystals) and
A. Only flat films bottom-up (sol–gel/precipitation)
B. Nanotubes or nanorods distributed in a C. Only casting
matrix D. Only rolling
C. Only large particles Answer: B (See Materials PDF p. 79)
D. Only pores
69. Conventional chemical vapor deposition
Answer: B (See Materials PDF p. 75)
(CVD) synthesis is a:
63. Nanomaterials can help eliminate pollutants A. Gas-phase method
because they: B. Liquid-only method
A. Have very small surface area C. Solid-only method
B. Have enhanced chemical activity and can D. Mechanical-only method
act as catalysts for toxic gases Answer: A (See Materials PDF p. 80)
C. Are always biodegradable
70. Laser ablation is used for preparing:
D. Stop all combustion
A. Only bulk steel ingots
Answer: B (See Materials PDF p. 78)
B. Nanoparticles and particulate films
64. Sunscreens using nano-TiO₂ are noted for: C. Only paper pulp
A. More stickiness than normal
 D. Only rubber sheets D. Only recycle used products
Answer: B (See Materials PDF p. 82) Answer: B (See Env/Econ/Soc PDF p. 2)

77. Which is listed as a major cost consideration

for manufacturing processes?
E) ENVIRONMENTAL, ECONOMIC, & SOCIETAL
A. Moon phase
ISSUES IN MSE (Q71–Q80)
B. Capital equipment, tooling, labor,
71. Recycling is defined as a process where: downtime, waste
A. Waste is buried only C. Only advertising
B. Waste materials are treated so they can D. Only shipping
be used again Answer: B (See Env/Econ/Soc PDF p. 2)
C. Only metals are melted
78. Glass is described as not biodegradable
D. Only glass is crushed
mainly because it:
Answer: B (See Env/Econ/Soc PDF p. 3)
A. Decomposes quickly
72. Recycling is the third component of the B. Is relatively inert and does not
waste hierarchy: decompose
A. Buy, Break, Burn C. Is organic
B. Reduce, Reuse, Recycle D. Is a living material
C. Dig, Dump, Disappear Answer: B (See Env/Econ/Soc PDF p. 7–8)
D. Make, Melt, Mix
79. Recycling old aluminum uses approximately
Answer: B (See Env/Econ/Soc PDF p. 3)
what fraction of the energy used to make
73. Which is NOT listed as part of the recycling new aluminum?
process steps? A. 95%
A. Collection B. 50%
B. Processing C. 5%
C. Manufacturing D. 1%
D. Magnetizing Answer: C (See Env/Econ/Soc PDF p. 8)
Answer: D (See Env/Econ/Soc PDF p. 5–6)
80. One disadvantage mentioned about
74. “Purchasing” is emphasized as important recycling sites is that they can be:
because: A. Always sterile and safe
A. It completes the recycling loop by buying B. Unsafe/unhygienic; can contribute to
recycled products disease spread and harmful leachate
B. It increases landfill waste C. Too clean to operate
C. It prevents sorting D. Impossible to locate
D. It replaces collection Answer: B (See Env/Econ/Soc PDF p. 11–12)
Answer: A (See Env/Econ/Soc PDF p. 6)

75. Engineers have control over three cost-

related factors including:
A. Weather, tides, earthquakes
B. Component design, material(s) used,
manufacturing technique(s)
C. Color, smell, taste
D. Internet speed, wiring, lighting
Answer: B (See Env/Econ/Soc PDF p. 1–2)

76. Primary operations are those that:

A. Decorate the final product only
B. Convert raw material into a recognizable
part (casting/forming/molding, etc.)
C. Only package finished goods