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Unit 2

The document outlines the course on Air and Noise Pollution and Control, focusing on sources, classification, and effects of air pollution. It details natural and manmade sources, types of pollutants, and their impacts on health, vegetation, animals, and the economy. Additionally, it discusses monitoring techniques and the Air Quality Index (AQI) used in India.

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10 views15 pages

Unit 2

The document outlines the course on Air and Noise Pollution and Control, focusing on sources, classification, and effects of air pollution. It details natural and manmade sources, types of pollutants, and their impacts on health, vegetation, animals, and the economy. Additionally, it discusses monitoring techniques and the Air Quality Index (AQI) used in India.

Uploaded by

18dave saumil saumil
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Course: Air and Noise Pollution and

Control
(SEM- V)
Course Instructor: Dr. Aman Deep Gupta

Unit 2: Sources, Classification, and Effects of


Air Pollution
Overview
• Understand sources of air pollutants
• Classify pollutants by type, origin, and
form
• Examine impacts on health, environment,
and economy
•Automobile Emissions
•Pollutant Monitoring & Analysis
•Impacts on Health, Plants, Animals, and
Economy
Sources of Air Pollutants
• Natural: Volcanoes, forest fires, dust storms,
biological decay
• Manmade: Industries, transport, biomass
burning, agriculture, waste
Classification of Air Pollutants

• By Origin: Primary vs Secondary


• By Physical State: Gaseous vs Particulate
• By Chemistry: Organic vs Inorganic
• By Source: Mobile, Stationary, Area
Types of Air Pollutants

• Criteria Pollutants: PM10, PM2.5, SO2, NO2,


CO, O3, NH3, Pb
• Hazardous Air Pollutants: Benzene, Mercury,
Formaldehyde
• Indoor Pollutants: Radon, VOCs, CO
Automobile Pollution

• Pollutants: CO, NOx, HC, PM


• Sources: Combustion, evaporation, wear and
tear
• Control: Catalytic converters, BS-VI norms,
EVs, CNG
Analysis of Air Pollutants
• Sampling: High-volume samplers, impingers
• Techniques: Gravimetric, Spectrophotometry, GC, AAS
• Continuous Ambient Air Quality Monitoring
StationsCAAQMS for real-time monitoring
Effects on Human Health
• Acute: Irritation, asthma, breathlessness
• Chronic: Cancer, COPD, heart disease
• Sensitive Groups: Children, elderly, asthmatics
Effects on Vegetation
• Particulates block stomata
• Ozone causes leaf necrosis
• SO2/NO2 cause chlorosis, necrosis
• Acid rain affects crop yields

Effects on Animals
• Respiratory irritation
• Bioaccumulation: Lead, mercury
• Reproductive and behavioral impacts
Economic Effects
Direct Costs:
•Healthcare expenditure
•Reduced agricultural
yield
•Loss in worker
productivity
Indirect Costs:
•Damage to
infrastructure (corrosion)
•Reduced tourism
•Compliance and
mitigation costs
•GDP loss
Air Quality Index

• AQI is a numerical scale used to communicate


how polluted the air currently is or how
polluted it is forecast to become.
• It helps the public understand the health
implications of air quality.
• Tools: SAFAR, CPCB dashboards
Pollutants Included in AQI (India – CPCB)
The Indian AQI considers eight pollutants:
[Link] Matter (PM10)
[Link] Particulate Matter (PM2.5)
[Link] Dioxide (NO₂)
[Link] Dioxide (SO₂)
[Link] Monoxide (CO)
[Link] (O₃)
[Link] (NH₃)
[Link] (Pb)
References & Reading

• CPCB NAAQS Guidelines


• WHO Air Quality Data
• C.S. Rao - Air Pollution Control Engineering
• Research articles – Lancet, IJEST, etc.

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