Name: Index: Class:
G Dh Atoll School, Gadhdhoo
Department of Mathematics
Grade 10 /2024 -2025
Booklet 1
SETS
Marked Signature
SETS Completed Correction Incomplete
Date
Exercise 1
Exercise 2
Exercise 3
1
SETS
A set is a list or collection of objects that share a characteristic. Th e objects in a set can be anything
from numbers, letters and shapes to names, places or paintings, but there is usually something that they
have in common.
The list of members or elements of a set is placed inside a pair of curly brackets { }.
Some examples of sets are:
{2, 4, 6, 8, 10} – the set of all even integers greater than zero but less than 11
{a, e, i, o, u} – the set of vowels
{Red, Green, Blue} – the set containing the colours red, green and blue.
Capital letters are usually used as names for sets:
If A is the set of prime numbers less than 10, then: A = {2, 3, 5, 7}
If B is the set of letters in the word ‘HAPPY’, then: B = {H, A, P, Y}.
Two sets are equal if they contain exactly the same elements, even if the order is different, so:
{1, 2, 3, 4} = {4, 3, 2, 1} = {2, 4, 1, 3} and so on.
The number of elements in a set is written as n(A), where A is the name of the set.
For example, in the set A = {1, 3, 5, 7, 9} there are five elements so n(A) = 5.
A set that contains no elements is known as the empty set.
The symbol ∅ is used to represent the empty set.
For example: {odd numbers that are multiples of two} = ∅, because no odd number is a multiple of two.
Now, if x is a member (an element) of the set A then it is written: x ∈ A.
If x is not a member of the set A, then it is written: x ∉ A.
So, to summarise:
• sets are listed inside curly brackets { }
• ∅ means it is an empty set
• a ∈ B means a is an element of the set B
• a ∉ B means a is not an element of the set
B
• n(A) is the number of elements in set A
G Dh Atoll School/Dept. of Mathematics/Gr. 10-Math_SETS / 2024- ‘25
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Exercise 1
1. List all of the elements of each set.
(a) {days of the week}
(b) {months of the year}
(c) {factors of 36}
(d) {colours of the rainbow}
(e) {multiples of seven less than 50}
(f) {primes less than 30}
2. True or false?
(a) If A = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5} then 3 ∉ A
(b) If B = {primes less than 10}, then n(B) = 4
(c) If C = {regular quadrilaterals}, then square ∈ C
(d) If D = {paint primary colours}, then yellow ∉ D
(e) If E = {square numbers less than 100}, then 64 ∈ E
Universal sets
A universal set contains all possible elements that you would consider for a set in a particular problem.
The symbol ℰ is used to mean the universal set.
Complements
The complement of the set A is the set of all things that are in ℰ but NOT in the set A.
The symbol A′ is used to denote the complement of set A.
For example, if: ℰ = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10} and F = {2, 4, 6} then
the complement of F would be F ′ = {1, 3, 5, 7, 8, 9, 10}.
So, in summary:
• ℰ represents a universal set
• A′ represents the complement of set A.
G Dh Atoll School/Dept. of Mathematics/Gr. 10-Math_SETS / 2024- ‘25
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Unions and intersections
The union of two sets, A and B, is the set of all elements that are members of A or members of B or
members of both.
The symbol ∪ is used to indicate union so, the union of sets A and B is written: A∪B.
The intersection of two sets, A and B, is the set of all elements that are members of both A and B.
The symbol ∩ is used to indicate intersection so, the intersection of sets A and B is written: A∩B.
For example, if C = {4, 6, 8, 10} and D = {6, 10, 12, 14}, then:
C∩D = the set of all elements common to both = {6, 10}
C∪D = the set of all elements that are in C or D or both = {4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14}.
Subsets
Let the set A be the set of all quadrilaterals and let the set B be the set of all rectangles. A rectangle is a
completely contained within A. When this happens, B is called a subset of A, and is written: B ⊆ A.
type of quadrilateral. This means that every element of B is also a member of A and, therefore, B is
The ⊆ symbol can be reversed but this does not change its meaning. B ⊆ A means B is a subset of A,
but so does A ⊇ B.
If B is not a subset of A, we write B ⊆ A. If B is not equal to A, then B is known as a proper subset.
If it is possible for B to be equal to A, then B is not a proper subset and you write: B ⊂ A.
If A is not a proper subset of B, we write A ⊄ B.
• ∪ is the symbol for union
So, in summary:
• ∩ is the symbol for intersection
• B ⊂ A indicates that B is a proper subset of A
• B ⊆ A indicates that B is a subset of A but also equal to A i.e. it is not a proper
subset of A.
• B ⊄ A indicates that B is not a proper subset of A.
• B ⊆ A indicates that B is not a subset of A.
G Dh Atoll School/Dept. of Mathematics/Gr. 10-Math_SETS / 2024- ‘25
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Example
Exercise 2
1. A = {2, 4, 6, 8, 10} and B = {1, 3, 5, 6, 8, 10}.
(a) List the elements of:
(i) A∩B
(ii) A∪B
(b) Find: (i) n(A∩B)
(ii) n(A∪B)
2. C = {a, b, g, h, u, w, z} and D = {a, g, u, v, w, x, y, z}.
List the elements of:
(i) C∩D
(ii) C∪D
3. T = {1, 2, 3, 6, 7} and W = {1, 3, 9, 10}.
(a) List the members of the set:
(i) T∪ W
(ii) T∩W
(b) Is it true that 5 ∉T?
G Dh Atoll School/Dept. of Mathematics/Gr. 10-Math_SETS / 2024- ‘25
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4. If ℰ = {rabbit, cat, dog, emu, turtle, mouse, aardvark} and H = {rabbit, emu, mouse} and J = {cat,
dog}:
(a) list the members of H′
(b) list the members of J′
(c) list the members of H′∪ J′
(d) what is H ∩ J?
(e) find (H′) ′
(f) what is H∪H′?
Venn diagrams
In 1880, mathematician John Venn began using overlapping circles to illustrate connections between
sets. These diagrams are now referred to as Venn diagrams.
For example, if ℰ = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10}, A = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7} and B = {4, 5, 8}
then the Venn diagram looks like this:
Example
G Dh Atoll School/Dept. of Mathematics/Gr. 10-Math_SETS / 2024- ‘25
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Exercise 3
1. Use the given Venn diagram to answer the following questions.
(a) List the elements of A and B
(b) List the elements of A∩B.
(c) List the elements of A∪B.
2. Use the given Venn diagram to answer the following questions.
(a) List the elements that belong to: (i) P (ii) Q
(b) List the elements that belong to both P and Q.
(c) List the elements that belong to: i neither P nor Q ii P but not Q.
G Dh Atoll School/Dept. of Mathematics/Gr. 10-Math_SETS / 2024- ‘25
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3. Draw a Venn diagram to show the following sets and write each element in its correct space.
(b) ℰ = {whole numbers from 20 to 36 inclusive}. A = {multiples of four} and B = {numbers
(a) Th e universal set is {a ,b, c, d, e, f, g, h}. A = {b, c, f, g} and B = {a, b, c, d, f}.
greater than 29}.
4. The universal set is: {students in a class}.
V = {students who like volleyball}.
S = {students who play soccer}.
There are 30 students in the class.
Th e Venn diagram shows numbers of students.
(a) Find the value of x.
(b) How many students like volleyball?
(c) How many students in the class do not play soccer?
G Dh Atoll School/Dept. of Mathematics/Gr. 10-Math_SETS / 2024- ‘25
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5. Copy the Venn diagram and shade the region which represents the subset A∩B′.
6. Shade the region which represents following sets:
(a) A∪B (b) A∪B∪C
(c) A∪B′
(d) A∩ (B∪C)
(e) (A∪B) ∩ C (f) A∪ (B∪C)′
G Dh Atoll School/Dept. of Mathematics/Gr. 10-Math_SETS / 2024- ‘25
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7. In a class of 30 students, 22 like classical music and 12 like Jazz. 5 like neither. Using a Venn
diagram find out how many students like both classical and jazz music.
8. Shade the required region on each Venn diagram.
9. Shade the required region in each of the Venn diagrams.
10. The Venn diagram shows the number of students who study French (F), Spanish (S) and Arabic (A).
G Dh Atoll School/Dept. of Mathematics/Gr. 10-Math_SETS / 2024- ‘25
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(a) Find n(A ∪ (F ∩ S)).
(b) On the Venn diagram, shade the region F' ∩ S.
11. Twenty boys in a form all play either football or basketball(both). If thirteen play football and ten
play basketball, how many plays both sports?
12. Of the 53 staff at a school, 36 drink tea, 18 drink coffee and 10 drink neither tea nor coffee.
How many drinks both tea and coffee?
13. Of the 32 pupils in a class, 18 play golf, 16 plat the piano and 7 play both. How many plays neither?
G Dh Atoll School/Dept. of Mathematics/Gr. 10-Math_SETS / 2024- ‘25