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Lecture #03, Microprocessor

The document provides an overview of the registers in the 8086 microprocessor, focusing on the status registers, control flags, and pointer/index registers. It details the function of various flags such as CF, PF, AF, ZF, SF, OF, TF, IF, and DF, explaining their roles in arithmetic operations and interrupt handling. Additionally, it describes the purpose of pointer registers (SP, BP) and index registers (SI, DI) in memory addressing and data manipulation.

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7 views8 pages

Lecture #03, Microprocessor

The document provides an overview of the registers in the 8086 microprocessor, focusing on the status registers, control flags, and pointer/index registers. It details the function of various flags such as CF, PF, AF, ZF, SF, OF, TF, IF, and DF, explaining their roles in arithmetic operations and interrupt handling. Additionally, it describes the purpose of pointer registers (SP, BP) and index registers (SI, DI) in memory addressing and data manipulation.

Uploaded by

shafahid666
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

CSE-3103: Microprocessor and Microcontroller

Dept. of Computer Science and Engineering


University of Dhaka

Prof. Sazzad M.S. Imran, PhD


Dept. of Electrical and Electronic Engineering
[Link]
Registers of 8086

Status Registers 
Flag register or Program Status Word (PSW) 
16-bit register.
7 bits remain unused,
9 are used.

9 flags 
6 condition flags + 3 control flags.
control flags = TF, IF, DF.
condition flags = OF, SF, ZF, AF, PF, CF.

CF = 1 
addition = carry out of MSB position,
subtraction = borrow is needed out of
MSB position.
Registers of 8086

Status Registers 
PF = 1 
lower 8-bits of result = even number of 1’s.

AF = 1 
addition = carry out of bit 3,
subtraction = borrow required from
bit 4 into bit 3.

ZF = 1 
arithmetic or logical operation = zero.

SF = 1 
MSB of result of operation is 1.
used for unsigned numbers.
Registers of 8086

Status Registers 
OF = 1 
result is too large = doesn’t fit in destination.
used for signed arithmetic operation.

Control Flags 
set/reset by programmer.
TF = 1 
processor operates in single stepping mode.
interrupt is recognized, TF flag is cleared.
CPU runs ISS (interrupt service subroutine).
IRET 
CPU returns to main program from ISS,
TF flag status is restored.
Registers of 8086

Control Flags 
TF = set/reset 
push flag register on stack,
change TF as desired,
pop flag register from stack.

IF = 1 
maskable interrupt INTR is enabled.
interrupt is recognized, IF flag is cleared.
IRET in ISS 
returns to main program,
IF flag status is restored.
STI = IF set instruction,
CLI = IF clear instruction.
8086 is reset  IF is cleared.
Registers of 8086

Control Flags 
DF 
used in string operations.
STD = DF set instruction,
CLD = DF clear instruction.

DF = 1 
DI and SI are automatically decremented,
access string from highest memory location
down to lowest memory location.
Registers of 8086
Pointers and Index Group of Registers:
SP and BP = pointer registers.
SI and DI = index registers.

All 4  16-bit registers.


store offset addresses of memory locations.
SI = 2000H,
MOV AH, [SI] 
AH  FFH
[SI+1:SI] = ABFFH

SI, DI in string instructions 


SI  source index register,
source address = DS×10 + SI
DI  destination index register,
destination address = ES×10 + DI
Registers of 8086
Pointers and Index Group of Registers:
SP  stack pointer.
contains offset address or stack top address.
stack address = [SS]×10 + [SP]

BP  base pointer.
used to access data area in stack segment.
stack address = [SS]×10 + [BP]

IP  instruction pointer.
contains offset address of next instruction to be fetched.
cannot be programmed by programmer.

SI, DI, BP 
also used as general purpose registers.

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