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Unit II Presentation

Black Box Testing is a technique that evaluates software functionality without knowledge of internal code, focusing on inputs and outputs. Equivalence Partitioning and Boundary Value Analysis (BVA) are two key methods used in this testing, with Equivalence Partitioning reducing test cases by categorizing inputs into valid and invalid classes, while BVA targets edge values to identify defects. Both techniques have advantages and disadvantages, and they are often used together to enhance test coverage and efficiency.

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4 views5 pages

Unit II Presentation

Black Box Testing is a technique that evaluates software functionality without knowledge of internal code, focusing on inputs and outputs. Equivalence Partitioning and Boundary Value Analysis (BVA) are two key methods used in this testing, with Equivalence Partitioning reducing test cases by categorizing inputs into valid and invalid classes, while BVA targets edge values to identify defects. Both techniques have advantages and disadvantages, and they are often used together to enhance test coverage and efficiency.

Uploaded by

Aanandhi KM
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Black Box Testing

Black Box Testing is a software testing technique where the tester evaluates the functionality
of an application without knowing the internal code structure. The focus is on inputs, outputs,
and system behavior, based on requirements and specifications.
Equivalence Partitioning (Equivalence Class Partitioning)
Equivalence Partitioning is a black box test design technique that reduces the number of test
cases by dividing input data into equivalence classes.
Each class represents a set of values that are expected to behave the same way.
Types of Equivalence Classes
1. Valid Equivalence Class
o Inputs that should be accepted by the system

2. Invalid Equivalence Class


o Inputs that should be rejected by the system

Example: Age Field (18–60 allowed)


Advantages of Equivalence Partitioning
 Reduces test cases
 Saves time and cost
 Ensures good test coverage
Disadvantages
 Boundary errors may be missed (use with Boundary Value Analysis)

[Link]

Boundary Value Analysis (BVA) in Black Box Testing


Definition
Boundary Value Analysis (BVA) is a black box test design technique used to test the
boundaries or edge values of input ranges.
It is based on the observation that defects commonly occur at the extreme ends (boundaries)
of input values rather than in the middle.
BVA is usually applied along with Equivalence Partitioning.

Why Boundary Value Analysis is Important


 Many errors occur at:
o Minimum values

o Maximum values

o Just inside the boundary

o Just outside the boundary

 Helps identify off-by-one errors


 Improves test coverage with fewer test cases

Basic Principle of BVA


Instead of testing every value in a range, test:
 Minimum value
 Minimum + 1
 Maximum − 1
 Maximum value
 Just outside the boundaries
Types of Boundary Value Analysis
1. Normal Boundary Value Analysis
Tests only valid boundary values.
2. Robust Boundary Value Analysis
Tests both valid and invalid boundary values.

Example 1: Age Field (Valid range: 18–60)


Normal BVA Test Cases

Test Case Input Expected Result

1 18 Accepted

2 19 Accepted

3 59 Accepted

4 60 Accepted

Robust BVA Test Cases

Test Case Input Expected Result

1 17 Rejected

2 18 Accepted

3 19 Accepted

4 59 Accepted

5 60 Accepted

6 61 Rejected

Example 2: Marks Field (0–100)

Boundary Type Value

Minimum − 1 −1
Boundary Type Value

Minimum 0

Minimum + 1 1

Maximum − 1 99

Maximum 100

Maximum + 1 101

BVA for Multiple Inputs


If a system has multiple input fields, BVA tests:
 One boundary at a time
 Others remain at normal (valid) values
Example: Login Length
 Username: 5–15 characters
 Password: 8–20 characters
Test cases focus on boundaries of one field, keeping the other valid.

Advantages of Boundary Value Analysis


 Detects boundary-related defects
 Reduces number of test cases
 Simple and effective
 High defect detection rate

Disadvantages
 Not suitable for logical conditions
 Works best for numeric ranges
 Does not test internal code logic

Difference Between Equivalence Partitioning and BVA


Aspect Equivalence Partitioning Boundary Value Analysis

Focus Data groups Edge values

Test data One value per class Boundary values

Error detection General errors Boundary errors

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