DCHAPTER TIIREE

METHODOLOGY
The chapter presents the methodology used in our investigation or the systematic procedure used
in the study. Every field of study has a standard method which guides it to collect data and
present ideas clearly and cogently. The method consists of research instrument, technique
(Qualitative). This produces a step by step method in carrying out the research. This chapter
include , research design , Population of the study , Mother Population , Target Population ,
accessible population , sampling frame , sample size , samggpling technique , sources of data
collection , primary data , secondary data , validity and reliability of the instrument validity of the
instrument method of data analysis .

3.1 RESEARCH DESIGN

Research design is typically how data is collected , what instrument will be employed , how
instrument will be used and the intended means for analyzing the data collected in a well
structured and effective way . The research design is to issue that evidence obtained enables you
to effectively address the research problem and unambiguously as possible.

The two types of approaches used in conducting or carrying research are: The quantitative and
Qualitative approaches (Yates, 2004). The quantitative approach is based on information that can be
measured numerically, questionnaire, survey, personal tests and standardized research instruments,
focused on questions such as how many, how often ... which are processed in the form of numbers.
Qualitative research employs various data gathering strategies, depending up on the approach of the
search. The data collection here includes individual in - depth interviews, structures and non -
structure interviews, focused groups, narratives, content or documentary analysis, participant
observation achiever research. With reference to these explanations, this research was based on
quantitative approach.

Nevertheless, the research could be done with qualitative approach but the actual responses
ssouldn't be gotten because not all the respondents will have to be interviewed and this could
hinder the outcome of the research.

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3.2 POPULATION OF TUE STUDY
According to Amin (2005) the definition of population includes all individuals or units that
meet the selection criteria for a group to be studied and for which a representative sample is
taken for detailed examination. The population of the study refers to all elements under study.
 3.2.1 Mother Population
The mother population consists of the entire population on the corporation. This population in
AMIGO TRAVEL LOGISTICS AND TOURISM comprises of 35 clients. Both permanent and
temporal from all sorts of religious backgrounds

3.2.2 The Target Population

This population refers to the ones directly affected by this piece of work. They consisted of group
of 35 clients who took out time to respond to the questions provided inch served as a great
contribution to this piece of work.

3.2.3 Accessible Population

This is the population actually interested in the research and that contributed to the information
demanded by the collection tool used by the intern. The accessible population was 25 clients who
were able to sacrifice some of their time and provide responses to the printed questionaire provided
by the intern.

3.3 SAMPLE SIZE AND SAMPLING

The sampling frame the researcher used consisted of clients within the age range of 20- 45 years
and above who subscribe for our services AnffcnMIGO TRAVEL LOGISTICS AND TOURISM

3.3.1 Sampling Size

The sampling size that was used to carry out this research are the clients at the level of the air
ticketing at AMIGO TRAVEL LOGISTICS AND TOURISM with age group of 40-50s together
with the general public with age range from 20-35 years ( young Cameroonians ) . The sample
size is 30 out of 40 number of clients sited.

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3.3.2 SAMPLING TECHNIQUE
In this beautiful piece of work, the simple random technique was used. This is because , the
theme of the research permits every member of the company to have a say as coined by Dr.

Moses Juran " Quality is free " 1987 Robert B. Bauman , quality is collective and a matter of
personal Responsibility " so the researcher made a relentless effort to generalize the sample as
much as possible . This technique helped in gathering information related to the loopholes in
quality AMIGO TRAVEL LOGISTICS AND TOURISM necessary for problem solving.

3.4 SOURCES OF DATA COLLECTION

The sources of data collection for this research were both Primary and Secondary data

collection methods.

3.4.1 Primary Data Collection

It is a unique research conducted for the very first time, which aims to obtain primary data of
firsthand information. The primary data is therefore information collected directly from the
people or concerned members about explicit problems discovered. The assembly of such
information was solely through quvbestionnaires.

QUESTIONNAIRES

It is a document that carries a series of questions and provided space for the respondents to fill
in or choose from the alternatives provided. The intern establishes and administers
questionnaires to employees and the population concerned. Majority of the questionnaire were
answered immediately and handed to the intern, while others took theirs along and handed them
later. The researcher had to explain and guide members who could not read and understand the
questions in the printed matter. As for the employees, the questionnaires were distributed to the
various offices concerned. The questionnaires were made up of both open and close ended
questions which mean they had to tick from the available options and had to explain, in a few
lines where it was due.

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3.4.2. Secondary data

t ate additional of infonnation that aided in the realization of this research like other
researchers, internet articles and others. The main secondary data sources inc rude; I Doeutuents
Internship Place, The internet and Personal Observation by the Intern.
 • internet
the global of finished this fine quantity of work with enlightenment from \ arious intetnet pages
about QC and its impact on organizations. Web pages such as:
[Link].\\[Link] : //[Link] : //[Link]
[Link] and (Google as a hole . All of these were very instrumental in the development of this

• Text Books And EB00ks

Internet books and physical text books used in this research were outstanding as it gave vibrant
material concerning the evolution of Total Quality management, it's practice in the past and in the
prvsent, it's influence on manghagement, various definitions by renowned authors . Some of this
information ssa.s gotten from amazing book such as Total Quality Management by Dr. Jain PL . Jain
Total Quality by Abby 8.0 professional edition, Quality Management from [Link] and many
other quality control and total quality related blogs.

Pass Projects

Pass projects relating to this topic were studied to come out with some facts in this pierce of
This pass projects helped the researcher to gather information on quality management on the
groysth of air transport agencies.

3.5 VALIDITY AND RELIABILITY OF THE INSTRUMENT

This section includes the validity, face validity and reliability of the study.

3.5.1 Validity of the instrument

Validity is how "ell a test measures what it is purported to measure (written by Collins phenol
and Julie Wren, 2005). This simply defines or explains how correct our instruments have been

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constructed. Validity means, an instrument is valid in the sense that the questions that were posed to
the respondents were in their simplest form and well understood by them.
 • Face Validity
The construction of questionnaires was done by the researcher and headed to the professional
supervisor who checked the items to verify if they corresponded to the objectives earlier sited and
made necessary corrections.

• Content Validity
The content validity of the questionnaire was examined by the supervisor in relation to the
objectives of the study. This was done through examination and acceptance of the items in relation
to objectives, made the questionnaire content valid.

3.5.2 Reliability of the instrument

Reliability is the degree to which an assessment tool produces stable and consistent results (written
by Collins Phenol and Julie Wren 2005). Reliability refers to consistency of measurement where
the results of the test stay under the same results over time. The constructed questionnaire was
distributed to a group different from the sample population

This is the test, retest reliability. After a period of time, the same instrument was read and it
produced the same results, thereby confirming the reliability of the instrument.

3.6 METHOD OF DATA ANALYSIS

The descriptive method of data analysis is used and the data collected from the questionnaire
were the respondent's opinions are expressed in frequency and percentage tables and illustrated
using pie charts. Microsoft Excel and SPSS were used in these analyses.

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