Introduction

Working in the field of construction, we have chosen the topic Innovations in Constructions due
to the fact that we come across new material, techniques, and new standards that improve the
durability of constructions and safety on a daily basis. In recent years, the materials
manufacturing industry has been developing materials that are lighter, stronger, and resistant to
changing climate conditions. An improvement is being made on the development of detecting
and fire-resistant materials and systems. That is an important thing for new buildings and
especially in multi-apartment buildings and replacing older buildings. Different systems are
developed that help minimize the time of carrying out the work and develop machinery and
robotics to perform faster and more difficult jobs. Usage of 3D systems, droning and other new
apps is helping in calculation and saves more time. The number of megacities where many
unique buildings are being built is increasing. Constructions that were impossible 100 years ago,
not only are possible, but also are made faster and safer, so, nothing stands still. This field will
permanently need innovative ideas, bringing things that make life easier. By working in the
construction area, we love to study and read about innovations, because the standards are
changing when more durable and efficient materials appear. It helps us and others to do work
much better, for example, tools or materials appear that could make work easier and better.
Protection systems appear which are more natural, easier to use, and are cheaper. In this topic,
our research will be focus on information and researchers about how the field of construction
was and how it has developed; how we can help and what we must do to help the development
process. (2,3 referensis)

Digital Technology
Construction software is absolutely important for the continued growth of construction
technology. Software has been an important factor in innovation in construction and remain the
most important area of construction technology development. Hugh (2021, p.92) presented
building information model as being a collection of the information about a specific construction
structure. As Dana Smith(2009) stated modeling construction “The geometry of a building
represents a small part of the total body of useful information about a building.” When they talk
about building information model technology, they most often mean the creation in specialized
programs of 3D geometry of a building with associated attribute information, for example:
material, article or price. The construction of a building information model occurs according to
the principle of object-based design, collecting a complex model from elements, each of which
belongs to its own class windows, walls, ceilings, reinforcement, end others.
The class of an element determines the set of properties and behavior of the element. Thus, the
building information model can be called a copy of the building in a virtual computer
environment. This means that everyone from the jobsite can have access to latest drawings, notes
and schedule. There are companies who provide software for managing construction operations.
For example, Autodesk, Oracle, Trimble and Procore. As Hugh (2021, p.143) pointed out, an
important factor in innovative technology is virtual reality (VR). Technologies created on the
basis of virtual reality are actively being introduced into the construction industry, making
processes more visual and understandable. An information model is more than just a three-
dimensional graphical representation of a building. There is a huge database where different
characteristics of all structural elements are reflected in various forms as text, numerical,
graphic. The first stage involves the development of the entire object, subsequently, a three-
dimensional model of all the building’s constituent elements is formed separately.
If using virtual reality the person is put into a virtual environment, so in augmented reality (AR)
( As Hugh (2021, p.143) the user allowed to bring virtual objects into real world. Augmented
reality is also called as mixed reality. Augmented reality uses a pair of glasses, tablet or phone
and to overlay to real world with information and content which is orientedto real objects in
space, either by spatial mapping. 3D printing, or additive manufacturing, is developing as a
revolutionary technology in construction. It includes creating structures by layering materials
based on a digital model. This technology offers numerous benefits, including reduced material
waste, faster construction times, and the ability to create complex designs that would be difficult
or impossible with traditional methods.

Sustainable materials
Sustainability is the biggest trend in the world. More the focus is on climate change and growth
emissions, the spotlight is understandably being more and more brilliant on constructions. The
industry is one of the largest producers in the world of greenhouse gases. The sector is looking to
address this in more ways than one such as the manufacture of diesel engines which power the
vast majority of equipment produces less pollutants like never before or changing diesel with
everything for electrical. ( refer) Nowadays they focus on how durable the construction is, using
greener materials could do a real difference. Ensuring that materials used in projects around the
world are more sustainable than ever. ECO Pact product manager for London Concrete at
Aggregate Industries, part as the Holcim group stated that(refer year): "The main goal of
sustainable construction the material should be to reduce the impact on environment by using
locally sourced materials with lower costs[…]a long with the reduction using virgin materials
and low energy consumption and waste production.”

Innovative building materials

Nowadays, modern materials used in construction are also changing the way buildings are
constructed. The materials used in construction are more environmentally friendly, durable,
flexible, breathable and lighter. Modern materials science has made important development in
recent years. Now, the market offers us really revolutionary innovative building materials.
Scientists are creating inventive and creative synthetic materials that are stronger, lighter and
more environmentally friendly than traditional ones, and this, in turn, helps in building more
resistant and durable buildings.
A major problem in construction was the cracking of the cement, which then begins to
undermine the integrity of the concrete. Gojevic, et. al. (2023) In this case, the new self-healing
concrete innovation comes to the rescue. The innovative self-healing concrete relies on bacteria
to repair cracks in the concrete. Bacteria are activated upon contact with water. this call offers a
solution to combat cracks in concrete, thereby increasing stability and durability. Gojevic, et. al.
(2023): “Sometimes cracks in concrete do not cause damage and are acceptable, in other cases
cracks can lead to serious defects and influence the function, strength, appearance of the concrete
in a negative way”. Gardner (2018), in their research, stated that:” the occurrence of cracks is
one of the primary causes of damage/degradation in structures reported by contractors, designers,
and investors. Each year, significant money is allocated globally to repair existing concrete
structures." For example, such innovation helps in the development of concrete structures in the
ground such as deep foundations, retaining walls and tunnels. Esaker (2021) supported a research
laboratory study experienced that “the effectiveness of self-healing bacteria in the soil, so in
conclusion it was demonstrated that the hydration of cement particles and soil moisture influence
the effectiveness of self-healing bacteria.”
Another innovative material is aerogels which are the hardest and lightest materials in the world
is 99.8% air. This material is an excellent thermal insulator, so it is regularly used for
environmentally friendly and efficient thermal insulation on an industrial scale.” As Masera
(2016) researched showed that for the insulation layer, a fire-retardant polyester was chosen non-
woven because it is a good combination of mechanical strength and flexibility. The silica-aerogel
is translucent, nanopores material with a low weight. An important point of aerogels is low
thermal conductivity and low gaseous. . The silica-aerogel was used as a protected layer for the
indoor modernization.
Iuorio, Gigante, De Masi (2023) stated “Cross laminated timber (CLT) systems consist of load-
bearing panels which is a manufactured system right for the construction of load-bearing walls,
as well as for the construction of bridges and pitched roofs.” Its exceptional mechanical assets
make it ideal for anti-seismic structures. Cross-laminated timber panels are often delivered to site
ready for assembly. Their systems are an alternative to the cold-formed steel dry construction
system, because of the environmental sustainability of the making process. It lately achieved
acceptance, high energy efficiency of the building system, good weight-to-weight ratio and
soundproofing properties. Also, an important point using timber in construction field are fire
resistance. Rajcic, Vlatka (2022) describes, the experiment done on classic and innovative
wooden beams. Three beams were placed under fire conditions, so there was a difference
between their type and the fire protection applied. The first classic beam without protection, the
second beam covered only with intumescent paint, and the third being filled with mineral wool
and additionally protected. According to this research the failure of protective material time was
17 min. The appearance of delamination due to reduction of the lamellar boarding surface caused
the main failure of hollow beams. As a conclusion of this research innovative hollow wooden
elements have certain advantages over normal which are weight, assemblage, installation, and
energy efficiency. But there are also disadvantages such as the reduced cross-sectional area,
which accelerates the penetration of oxygen during the fire.

Advance construction
Recently, more and more construction companies use modular construction as a technique.
Modular production doubling recently and having a high demand. A case study shows that, for
example, the factories turned out 2,314 modular units for apartment projects in 2018. That is
more twice the 1,136 multifamily units which factories produced in 2017, according to Modular
Building Institute. The apartments built with modules reach the same cost as the traditional ones,
but the benefit is the faster construction time. Average apartment project built with modules
were finalized in just 241 days or about eight months from approval to employment, the average
size of these projects was 33,182 in total square feet, using an average of 50 modules each. This
is a substantial time saver in comparison to traditional apartment developments, which could
take 14 months from approval upon occupation. This researched was enough to encourage many
developers consider modular construction. Also was specified that the process of creating
modules in a factory is also much faster than building site cameras. For developers who are
relatively new to the site. For developers who are relatively new modular construction the
design process can it will take more time, but the design phase will last shorten as the process
repeats itself.
Last March, Salt Lake City adopted the first two consensus standards related to modular
construction. Tom Harriman, executive director of MBI who produced the aligned documents,
the standard for off-site construction: planning, fabrication, assembly, and standard for off-site
construction such as inspections highlighted a difficulty in modular construction would be that
they cannot be. inspected at the place of installation all parts or processes without dismantling
it.
Most construction objects use prefabrication, which is a new and innovative technique in
construction. Automation has developed not only in production but also in construction sector.
For example, the research done by Stricot Glen (2019) illustrates robotic innovations in
construction. Robot arms being flexible, precise and easily programmed for discrete tasks.
Coupled with a systematic computational environment to control them, they have the potential to
transform how we build as well as respond to changes that the future may hold. The research,
however, aims to develop a system that is able to customize the prefabricated architecture, taking
into account the production time, efficient in time, cost and without waste. Over the years, the
global construction industry has strived to improve productivity, improve work quality and
optimize post-job waste, so technological transformation is required to overcome these
inefficiencies. In this case, robotics and automation systems help improve productivity,
efficiency and production quality. An important factor is the reduction of material and energy
waste. Prefabrication being a new concept in the automated industry, requires investment in
robot experimentation, to obtain mass customization in prefab panels by identifying the strengths
and weaknesses. Technology allows you to create digital 3D models step by step and
autonomously. But this also requires hiring operators qualified in robotics and material
preparation.
Conclusion