K. S.
INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY BANGALORE
An Autonomous Institution under VTU & Approved by AICTE
DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE & DESIGN
Activity Report on 25BESC104 C- Introduction to Electronics and Communication
Engineering
for the academic Year 2025- 2026
Activity Report on Electronics using Virtual Labs
Submitted By
- -
TEJASHW INI R
Supervised by
Dr. Bharathi Gururaj
Associate Professor
Department of Electronics and communication Engineering
K.S. Institute of technology
LIST OF EXPERIMENTS:
1.V-I Characteristics of diode
2. Half wave- controlled rectifier
3. Full wave- controlled rectifier
4. Integrator
5. Differentiator
6. Zener voltage regulator
Experiment No: 1
V- I Characteristics of Diode under Forward bias
Procedure:
1. Set DC voltage to 0.2 V .
2. Select the diode.
3. Set the resistor.
4. Voltmeter is placed parallel to Silicon diode and ammeter series with resistor.
5. The positive side of battery to the P side(anode) and the negative of battery to the side(cathode) of
the diode.
6. Now vary the voltage upto 5V and note the Voltmeter and Ammeter reading for particular DC
voltage .
7. Take the readings and note Voltmeter reading across Silicon diode and Ammeter reading.
8. Plot the V-I graph and observe the change.
9. Calculate the dynamic resistance of the diode. Rd=∆V/∆I
10. Therefore from the graph we see that the diode starts conducting when the forward bias
voltage exceeds around 0.6 volts (for Si diode). This voltage is called cut-in voltage.
V- I Characteristics of Diode under Reverse bias
Procedure:
1. Set DC voltage to 0.2 V .
2. Select the diode.
3. Set the resistor.
4. Voltmeter is placed parallel to Silicon diode and ammeter series with resistor.
5. The positive terminal of battery is connected to the N side(cathode) and the negative terminal
of battery is connected to the P side(anode) of a diode.
6. Now vary the voltage upto 30V and note the Voltmeter and Ammeter reading for DC voltage .
7. Take the readings and note Voltmeter reading across Silicon diode and Ammeter reading.
8. Plot the V-I graph and observe the change.
Experiment No:2
Half wave- controlled rectifier
Procedure:
1. Set the resistor RL.
2. Click on ‘ON’ button to start the experiment.
3. Click on ‘Sine Wave’ button to generate input waveform
4. Click on ‘Oscilloscope’ button to get the rectified output.
5. Vary the Amplitude, Frequency, volt/div using the controllers.
6. Click on “Dual” button to observe both the waveform.
7. Channel 1shows the input sine waveform, Channel 2 shows the output rectified waveform. 8.
Calculate the Ripple [Link] Ripple Factor= 1.21
Experiment No: 3
Full wave- controlled rectifier
Procedure:
[Link] the resistor RL.
2. Click on 'ON' button to start the experiment.
3. Click on 'Sine Wave' button to generate input waveform
4. Click on 'Oscilloscope' button to get the rectified output.
5. Vary the Amplitude, Frequency, volt/div using the controllers.
6. Click on "Dual" button to observe both the waveform.
7. Channel 1shows the input sine waveform, Channel 2 shows the output rectified waveform.
8. Calculate the Ripple Factor. Theoretical Ripple Factor= 0.4 83.
Experiment No: 4
Integrator
Procedure:
1. Set the resistance® and the capacitance © (Intially set R=10 kΩ and C=0.1µ F).
2. Click on ‘ON’ button to start th experiment.
3. Click on ‘Square Wave’ button to generate input waveform.
4. Click on ‘Oscilloscope’ button to get the output waveform.
5. Vary the Amplitude, Frequency, volt/div using the controllers.
6. Click on “Dual” button to observe both the waveform.
7. Channel 1shows the input square waveform, Channel 2 shows the output waveform.
8. At high frequencies the capacitor was not allowed to have enough time to charge or discharge
fully, in this case thus we have the square wave as input signal which generates triangle waveform
as output but with less amplitude
Experiment No: 5
Differentiator
Procedure:
1. Set the resistance® and the capacitance © (Intially set R=1kΩ and C=0.1µ F).
2. Click on ‘ON’ button to start th experiment.
3. Select the Square Wave as input.
4. Click on ‘Oscilloscope’ button, at high frequencies square wave input signal generates spike
waveform output.
5. Vary the Amplitude, Frequency, volt/div using the controllers.
6. Click on “Dual” button to observe both the waveform.
7. Channel 1shows the input square waveform, Channel 2 shows the output Waveform.
Experiment No: 6
Zener voltage regulator
Procedure:
1. Set the Zener Voltage(VZ)
2. Set the Series Resistance (RS) value.
3. Set the Load Resistance (RL) value.
4. Vary DC voltage.
5. Voltmeter is placed parallel to load resistor and ammeter series with the series resistor.
6. Choose appropriate DC voltage such that zener diode is ‘on’.
7. Now note the Voltmeter and Ammeter reading for various DC voltage.
8. Note the Load current(IL), zener current(IZ), Output voltage(VO)
9. Calculate the voltage regulation.