Contemporary Philippine

Arts from The Regions

Line

This refers to a prolongation of a point or a mark on a.. surface.

Solid lines can be used in order to define form.. while broken lines
are typically used to suggest hidden. forms.
Shape and Mass

This element refers to an area with

boundaries.. [Link] drawing lines. A shape may be natural or..
living.. forms called..an organic shape and can be irregular. or..
rounded. It. may also be... measured forms called.. [Link].
In. contrast to shape., which..is.. two-dimensional,
mass refers to. solid portions of a.. three-dimensional
object.

Color

This refers to visual perception that allows a person to differentiate objects due to the way
various wavelengths of light are reflected. Color is a very important element because it can
communicate information and emotion to the viewer. These are the three properties of color:

• Hue, which refers to the basic or pure color, and is represented in the color wheel.
• Value, which refers to the lightness and darkness of color. A light color or tint is the result
of adding white to a hue, while a dark color or shade results from adding black to a hue.
• Saturation, which refers to brightness and dullness of color. It is also referred to as purity
of the color. A bright color can be produced by adding more pigment to the same hue,
while a dull color can be produced by adding gray or the color’s complement to the
pigment.

The color wheel is an arrangement of

primary,.. secondary [Link] [Link] is
important tool to... identify which colors.. can .work.. well if
used in a.. certain.. artworkwhich is the color.. schemes
or color.. relationships.. These are some of the color.. schemes:

Color Schemes

• Monochromatic – involves using the same hue but with different gradients of value.
 • Analogous – entails the use of three or four adjacent colors in the color wheel.
• Complementary – involves the use of a color and its
complement
-meaning the color located opposite of the first color.
• Split-complementary – a close relative to the complementary color scheme. But instead
of using the color’s complement, this scheme uses the two colors adjacent to the
complement.
• Triadic – uses three colors that are of equal distance with each other.
• Tetradic – also known as double complementary color scheme, this uses two pairs of
complementary colors.
Texture

This element refers to the feel or appearance of a.. surface. A..

person.. may describe as actual or implied.. Actual texture. can be..
felt.. tangibly based on the. [Link] is used for. the artwork while
implied..texture. can be exhibited, for. instance, in a painting of fur of
an. animal.

Value

This element refers to lightness or darkness of an area. This is evident in creating shadows for
a two-dimensional object to give an illusion of depth.

Space

Space refers to the area that is occupied by an object or a subject, as well as the area
surrounding that object or subject. An illusion of space can still be created in a two-dimensional
surface using perspective. There are two types of perspective: atmospheric perspective, which
utilizes the properties of light and air in depicting the illusion of distance; and linear perspective,
which involves the use of vanishing points and receding hidden lines.

Time and Motion

Movement in the visual arts can either be an illusion or an actual motion. An illusion of
movement is more common in two-dimensional artworks. On the other hand, actual motion is easily
seen in kinetic sculpture that moves with the wind or are vibrating with the surrounding air.
 PAINTING
Painting refers to the process of applying color on a flat surface. Forms can be created using a
wide variety of materials such as watercolor, acrylic, ink, oil, pastel, and charcoal. Surfaces for
painting include wood, canvas, cardboard, and paper.
Painting is considered two-dimensional, meaning it only has height and width.
FORMS OF PAINTING:

Easel Painting

The easel painting is perhaps the most common.

form.. [Link] which involves applying color to a
board… or .canvas… that [Link] on an upright support
called an…. easel. These are.... meant [Link] framed and
hanged on a…. [Link] creating them.

Murals

A mural is described as a huge wall-sized painting.. used.. to

impart messages to the public. A new form of.. mural.. which is.. a
portable mural, was developed in order. to prevent.. the mural from
being erased from the wall.. which was.. [Link] using.. bold
strokes in applying.. bright colors on.. pieces of cheesecloth\or canvas.

Telon Painting

A telon is describes as a backdrop or background.. for.. the

stage which are used for komedya, sarswela, and.. sinakulo,.the
popular forms of theater in the country.

Jeepney and Calesa Painting

The calesa is typically painted using one color. The.

borders of the calesa are decorated with geometric.. patterns,.
repetitive patterns, and/or thin lines.

Jeepney painting evolved from calesa painting. In..

[Link] jeepney, a logo, number, or painting is covered.. near.. the
driver’s seat, as well as near the seats adjacent.. to it.

Collage

This refers to a form of painting that involves.. combine. images

in a single artwork. This entails cutting.. and pasting.. materials such
as paper, fabric, tin foil and.. other relatively [Link] onto a board
or canvas.
THEMES OF PAINTING:

Genre Painting

Genre painting portrays people in daily activities.. During.. the

contemporary period, genre painting took.. several.. directions. One of
these new approaches is folk.. genre, which.. mainly focuses on the
everyday activities.. of .the folk. Another.. approach is using the style
of cubism. in depicting folk or.. [Link]. On the other hand, folk-
naive is another style.. wherein it uses a lot of.. color .and spontaneity.

Historical Painting

The historical painting depicts a scene from the past. It often has a lesson concerning national
values.

Interiors

This refers to painting of the space inside of a part of a house or a building. This usually reveals
the social class of the family living in that particular house, as well as the traits of the people living
in it.

Landscapes

These painting portrays natural scenery or urban scenes. Mixed media is now used in creating
landscape paintings. Closely related to landscapes are seascapes, which focus on large bodies of
water, particularly the ocean or the sea.

Portraits

This refers to a painting portraying one or more specific individuals. This usually portrays the
physical characteristics of the subject and seeks to show an
understanding of that person’s character.

Nudes

These are paintings that portray the unclothed human figure. Nowadays, a wide variety of
materials and styles can be used in painting nudes. Nude painting sessions are conducted in
galleries.
Religious Painting

Common subjects of religious painting includes a lone.. religious

image, lives of the saints, and scenes based.. from..[Link] like
the Nativity scene, and the.. [Link] the.. Cross.
Still Life

This refers to a painting that depicts natural or man-made objects that form a composition in a
natural setting. A lot of styles can be used by artists in painting, ranging from Baroque and Rococo,
to impressionism, expressionism, and abstract. Neo-realism involves creating representational
figures that also look abstract; hyperrealism or magic realism, the subject is painted in a highly
realistic way that it resembles a photograph and social realism entails creating paintings that
depicts socioeconomic and political problems.

Sculpture is the branch of the visual arts that operates in three dimensions. It is one of the
plastic arts. Durable sculptural processes originally used carving and modelling; in stones, metals,
ceramics, woods and other materials but, since Modernism, there has been an almost complete
freedom of materials and process. In contrast to painting, sculpture has three dimensions – height,
width, and depth. It is created by either carving, modelling, or assembling parts together.
GENERAL KINDS OF SCULPTURE:

Free-standing

This is a kind of sculpture that can independently.. stand..in. space.

It has a flat horizontal base. All its.. sides .contribute. to.. the overall
form of the sculpture.

Relief

This kind of sculpture does not have a flat horizontal.. base..The

form is projected from a flat surface. There are.. two. types of relief –
low relief or bas-relief which is slightly. from. the flat surface; and high
relief. Cagayan de Oro’s.. Legendary. River Monster is an example of
relief sculpture.

Assemblage
 This sculpture is formed by putting together materials. such as found objects, pieces of paper,
sponges, wood. scraps, and other materials. A good example of this is. Lamberto Hechanova’s
Man and Woman.

Kinetic Sculpture

This is considered as a sculpture in motion because.. the entire sculpture or some parts of the
sculpture are.. moving with.. the wind or are vibrating with the.. surrounding air.

Welded Sculptures

Creating these sculptures involve the process of.. connecting sheets of metal together by using
an acetylene. or. electric torch.

Use of Glass

A kind of sculpture where the medium of expression..

used. by the artist is glass.
Symbolic Sculpture

It is a kind of sculpture in which an abstract idea is represented by means of allegory and

personification.

OTHER FORMS OF VISUAL ART:

Aside from painting and sculpture, other visual forms can be seen in every region in the
country. Some of them are even used by people on a regular basis. The following are some of the
visual arts used by various companies and offices:

Advertising Art

This refers to using paid space or time in any of the.. [Link] inform
and influence the public. This is used to.. encourage the public to
patronage certain goods and.. services,.or to support policies or persons.

Bamboo Art

This refers to works made of bamboo that may be. used...

[Link] purposes, for decorations or.. ornaments.

Basketry

This refers to the art of creating containers by.. weaving, plaiting, or

braiding materials into hollow.. three-dimensional.. shapes that can either
be used for.. carrying, storage and. trapping animals.

Book Design
 Book design involves structuring and reproduction of bound pages that are filled with text and /
or images, and are protected by hard or soft covers.

Costumes

These are garments, hairstyles, and accessories that are worn by individual members in a
particular society.
Embroidery

This refers to the art of stitching ornaments on cloth. [Link].

Food Art

This involves packaging and / or presentation of food.. in.. [Link]

way. Food art involves enhancing the food.. itself or.. its packaging in an
artistic way.

Furniture

These are decorative and functional objects which are typically found in a public or private
dwelling or building. These are also known as muebles or kasangkapan.

Komiks and Editorial Cartoon

Both komiks and editorial cartoon involve illustrations of stories or events. However, an editorial
cartoon is a single-frame illustration that may either makes fun of political leaders or institutions, or
comments on current events. The komiks, on the other hand, may use single or multiple frames
with conversations of people or animals placed inside “balloons”.

Leaf Art

Leaf art is used in religious rituals, food wrapping, and.. even as a

form of modern artistic expression. This makes.. leaf.. art different from
basketry.

Mat Weaving

This refers to the art of “plaiting strips of organic fibers into mats”. These mats, locally known as
banig, are cool, light, and portable compared to fixed beds.

Metalcraft
 This includes all objects made from metal using the processes of brass casting and
blacksmithing, tinsmithing, or goldsmithing and silversmithing.

• Brass casting and blacksmithing

This process involves casting and forging pieces of brass or bronze. Anting-
anting or amulets are also created using this process.
• Goldsmithing and silversmithing
These processes involves the use of gold and silver in creating objects and
ornaments.
• Tinsmithing
Tinsmithing can be easily seen in creating jeepneys, kalesas, and cariton or ice
cream cart.

Multimedia

This consist of works that involves the use of other senses in appreciating those works aside
from the sense of vision.

• Conceptual Art
In this type of multimedia, a visual artist “ideates or sets up a situation, placing
philosophical value in the process itself while negating the importance of
craftsmanship in arriving at a finished art object.
• Installation Art
In this type of multimedia, the artist puts together materials and objects in an
exhibition space to cast a new experience or idea.
• Performance Art
In this type of multimedia, an artist converts himself or herself into an art object
in motion and sound.

Paper Art

This involves the processes of cutting, pasting,. recycling, and / or

constructing of objects from paper.. Paper art used to. be limited with
folk paper art such as.. taka and higante from. Angono, parol, pastillas,
wrappings,. and kites.

Personal Ornaments

These are objects that are worn on the human body. Jewelry falls under this form. These are
worn either to enhance a part of the body of the wearer, to exhibit rank or status, or to symbolize
ritualistic and emotional states.

Photography

This refers to the process of producing images using a light-sensitive chemical plate or film.
Photographs are taken to serve as portraits and as propaganda which is highly useful medium for
an artist.
Pottery
 Pottery is a general term for decorative and useful.. [Link] from clay and set off at high
temperatures.. This.. is frequently interchanged with “ceramics”. However,. it is. important to note
that application of ceramics is wider.. and. even includes industrial use.

• Earthenware or Terracotta
This type of pottery is made from clay and is usually fired at 1,700-2,100 ᵒF. 
Stoneware
This type of pottery is made from clay and feldspar.
• Porcelain
This type of pottery is made from kaolin, a special type of clay that is extra fine,
white and feldspar.

Printmaking

This refers to transferring images from a firm surface, such as metal or wood , to a pliable
surface, such as cloth or paper, using pressure. This is different from production because
printmaking involves making the plate either by hand (of the artist) or mixed with mechanical means.

Tattoo Art

This refers to a body adornment permanently..

engraved..on the skin using a sharp instrument and plant.. dyes or inks.

Textile Weaving

This refers to the process of creating cloth by... interweaving a series

of parallel vertical threads with… another. series of horizontal threads at
right angles.

Architecture is considered to be one of the most functional branches of the visual arts. We can
freely see architecture in our surroundings because architecture involves designing the form of a
building while allowing the building to serve its function. It is considered to be the “art to inhabit.”

Throughout Philippines history, both foreign and Filipino architects introduce innovations when
it comes to creating buildings and large structures. Even though the design of buildings and homes
are still Western-inspired, architects started to appreciate Filipino social traditions and cultural
values. In fact, local materials were used by architects like Francisco Mañosa, a Filipino architect
considered as one of the most influential Filipino architects of the 20th century, in designing homes
and buildings. In addition to that, they sought ways to express these traditions and values in
architecture.
FORMS OF CONTEMPORARY ARCHITECTURE:

Domestic Buildings and Houses

Apartment

This refers to a building composed of many residences called units. This is usually built in
populated urban areas. Nowadays, in order to maximize the use of space and because of the
increased buying power of the population, condominiums were developed. These condominiums
are larger offshoots of apartments.

Bahay na Bato

The bahay na bato is considered to be a residence of... the..

wealthy. A typical two-storey bahay na bato.. generally .has a. ground
floor that is made of brick or... stone,.and has a wooden.. upper level.
The windows and.. the level have grilles, while the. windows at the
upper.. level .have sliding shutters. The roof of.. [Link] bahay..
na..bato slants on four sides.

Barong-barong

The barong-barong are houses of the landless poor that are built on any land or area. These
are usually found near the esteros, riverbanks, and bayshores; spaces along high walls, railroad
tracks; spaces near abandoned buildings, and garbage dumps; or any vacant lot. Some of these
barong-barong are built under bridges.

Bungalow

This refers to one-story house with a wide front porch and large windows. It may also have a
terrace, which may be roofed or not.

Ethnic Houses

Bahay Kubo

The bahay kubo is considered as an ethnic house of.. Christian

peasant families living in the lowland areas.. This.. is.. typically owned
by families belonging in low. income.. groups.
Houseboat

The houseboat is basically a boat that also serves as dwelling. The Badjaos or Sama Laut
typically reside in houseboats.

One-and-a-Half Story House

The one-and-a-half story is characterized by an upper level or story covering just a half of the
lower level. This may also become a split-level house if half of the ground level is higher in such a
way that it is halfway between the ground level and the upper level.
Split-level House

The split-level house in the Philippines has two main levels. The lower level houses has the
kitchen, living and dining areas, while the upper level has the bedrooms. These levels are
separated by about half or less-than-half a story.

Tsalet

The Philippine tsalet refers to a suburban house that has one story, a two-story house with
living quarters on the upper level, or an elevated one-story house. The term tsalet came from the
term “chalet” which refers to a peasant house in Switzerland that has upper levels jutting over the
lower levels, a steep roof and a decorated gable.

Commercial Buildings

Market (Palengke)

This refers to a place or building for buying and selling.. goods.

This is also referred to as tindahan, and tiyangge.. Nowadays,
the palengke has evolved into the..
supermarket,.which puts the wet market and the grocery.. together in
the. same complex. The mall, or galleria,. is .considered a more.
recent evolved form of the palengke.

Buildings that house banks, business offices, and factories

These buildings have plain wall surfaces and large windows. These also have bold rectangular
forms and clean lines.
Government Buildings

Capitol (Kapitolyo)

This refers to the building of the

provincial.. government..Most of the kapitolyo in the country use..
columns and.. pediments in the exterior of the buildings.

Town Hall (Munisipyo)

This refers to the building of the municipal government. The offices of the mayor, the municipal
council, the municipal court and jail, and other important offices such as the municipal registrar’s
office are located here. There are some instances, however, when the municipal court and jail are
housed in a separate building called tribunal.

Public Buildings and Structures

School (Eskwelahan)

This refers to a place where young people are educated to become productive members of the
community. The most common style of the eskwelahan is
American-influenced, which featured a concrete structure elevated on stilts.
Kamalig

The Kamalig is the Tagalog term for a building used for storing grain. This is considered to be
the most economically significant structure among the tribes in Northern Philippines. In some
provinces, especially those in the lowland areas, the bahay kubo or nipa hut can be used as a form
of kamalig.

Masjid

The masjid or mosque refers to a place of worship of... the. Muslims.

A typical Philippine mosque has the.. [Link]: a tower called
minaret, a prayer niche.. called mihrab., the dome, arches that are
reinforced with.. pillars, and a pulpit.. called mimbar.

Cemetery (Sementeryo)

The cemetery is a place where people bury the dead. It has other names, such as kampo
santo, pantyon, and libingan. A cemetery had a small chapel and vaults or nichos surrounding the
chapel. Nowadays, memorial parks are developed.
Church (Simbahan)

The simbahan is a place of worship for a Christian congregation. How a church was designed
usually depends on the religious denomination it belongs.

Movie House (Sinehan)

The sinehan is a place where people watch film or motion pictures.

Theatre (Teatro)

The teatro is a building for dance, musical, and theatrical presentations. This is different from
an auditorium because the teatro is essentially a separate building compared to the former.

Other Forms and Structures

Fort (Kuta)

These are structures that are built to defend a community against enemies. These are usually
found in areas with natural barriers, such as cliffs, hills, narrow passes, mountains, and waters.

Lighthouse (Parola)

The lighthouse is a structure built on an island, peninsula, or rock to ensure that ships will be
able to pass through a narrow area safely.

Bridge (Tulay)
 The tulay is a horizontal structure that serves as a passageway between two areas separated
by a body of water, a hollow area, or a road.
ACTIVITY SHEET

NAME: GRADE/SECTION:

Activity 1. Test your knowledge

Read the statements carefully. Identify what is being described in the statement. Write your
answers on the space provided.

1. This refers to a prolongation of a point.

a. Color c. Space
b. Line d. Value
2. This type of sculpture has parts that can be moved with the wind.
a. Kinetic sculpture c. Texture
b. Implied motion d. Color wheel
3. This color scheme involves using colors that are located beside each other in the color
wheel.
a. Monochromatic c. Complementary
b. Analogous d. Split-complementary
4. This statement refers to the way the surface or objects looks as it may feel.
a. Line c. Color
b. Shape and mass d. Texture
5. This element of art refers to an area with boundaries identified or drawn using lines.
a. Value c. Shape
b. Color d. Texture
6. This type of texture refers to the real qualities of the physical surface of an artwork.
a. Implied texture c. Actual texture
b. Space d. Value
7. This refers to brightness and dullness of color.
a. Hue c. Saturation
b. Value d. Color
8. This color scheme involves the use of four colors.
a. Triadic c. Color scheme
b. Tetradic d. Color wheel
9. This refers to the purity of a certain color.
a. Hue c. Saturation
b. Value d. Color
[Link] type of perspective involves the use of properties of light and air to portray the
illusion of distance.
a. Texture c. Atmospheric perspective
b. Space d. Linear perspective

Activity 2. My Own Color Wheel

Create and draw a color wheel using the color schemes. In this activity, make sure that you draw
the color wheel with color schemes applied well. It is important that you are able to apply what you
have learned.

Activity 3. Test your knowledge

Read the statements carefully. Identify what is being described in the statement. Write your
answers on the space provided.

1. This refers to a painting that shows an arrangement of objects such as fruits and flowers in a
natural setting.
a. Interiors c. Nudes
b. Still life d. Landscapes
2. This refers to painting that is applied on a wall or a large permanent surface.
a. Mural c. Historical painting
b. Genre painting d. Religious painting
3. This painting depicts scenes from ordinary life.
a. Still life c. Genre painting
b. Interiors d. Landscapes
4. This refers to a painting of the space inside of a part of a house or a building.
a. Landscapes c. Interiors
b. Portraits d. Still life
5. This refers to a painting that is finished on a portable upright support.
a. Telon painting c. Genre painting
b. Historical painting d. Easel painting
6. This is a painting that involves cutting and pasting relatively flat materials onto a board or
canvas.
a. Religious painting c. Portrait
b. Collage d. Landscapes
 7. A painting portraying the crucifixion of Jesus Christ is an example of this theme of painting.
a. Interiors c. Historical painting
b. Nudes d. Religious painting
8. A painting portraying the execution of Jose Rizal in Bagumbayan is an example of this
theme of painting.
a. Historical painting c. Murals
b. Easel painting d. Telon painting
9. A painting featuring the physical characteristics of Jose Blanco is an example of this theme
of painting.
a. Still life c. Portrait
b. Interiors d. Landscapes
[Link] refers to a style of painting that resembles more a photograph than a painting.
a. Hyperrealism c. Portraits
b. Photograph d. Still life

Activity 4. Test your knowledge

Read the statements carefully. Identify what is being described in the statement. Write your
answers on the space provided..

1. This body adornment involves putting plant dyes into the skin through the use of a sharp
instrument.
a. Leaf art c. Textile weaving
b. Tattoo art d. Multimedia
2. This kind of sculpture stands independently and has a flat base.
a. Free standing c. Assemblage
b. Relief d. Use of glass
3. This form of visual arts refers to the way food is packaged and / or presented in an artistic
way.
a. Tattoo art c. Food art
b. Printmaking d. Costumes
4. This contemporary type of sculpture involves placing together materials such as found
objects, pieces of paper, sponges, wood scraps, and other materials.
a. Assemblage c. Performance art
b. Advertising art d. Installation art
5. This refers to the process of producing images using a light-sensitive chemical plate or film.
a. Symbolic sculpture c. Bamboo art
b. Kinetic sculpture d. Photography
6. This is defined as a sculpture with its form projecting slightly from the flat surface.
a. Conceptual art c. Relief
b. Pottery d. Photography
7. This form of visual arts involves braiding, plaiting, or weaving materials to create hollow
three-dimensional containers that can either be used for carrying, storage, and trapping
animals.
a. Basketry c. Printmaking
b. Textile weaving d. Personal ornaments
8. This is also known as a sculpture in motion.
a. Tattoo art c. Furniture
b. Metal craft d. Kinetic sculpture
9. This type of pottery is made from kaolin, a special type of clay that is extra fine and white,
and feldspar.
a. Stoneware c. Earthenware or Terracotta
 b. Porcelain d. Ceramics
[Link] example of this form of visual arts is the use of coconut leaves in wrapping cooked rice.
a. Bamboo art c. Leaf art
b. Book design d. Metal craft
Activity 5. Matching artworks

Match the artworks in column A with the corresponding form of visual arts in column B.
Column A Column B
_____ 1. Anting-anting A. Advertising art
_____ 2. Basey mat B. Bamboo art
_____ 3. Billboard showing C. Food art
a canned tuna product D. Mat weaving
_____ 4. Earrings E. Metalcraft
_____ 5. Kiping chandeliers F. Paper art
_____ 6. Lakub from Lanao G. Personal ornaments
_____ 7. Sapin-sapin H. Pottery
_____ 8. T’ nalak I. Sculpture
_____ 9. Kites J. Textile making
_____ 10. Terracotta jars

What I Have Learned

Reflective Question:

What have you discovered from the lesson?

Activity 6. Test your knowledge

Identify what is being described in the statement. Write your answers on the space provided.

1. This form of architecture is considered to be the ethnic house of Christian families living in
lowland areas.
a. Kamalig c. Bahay kubo
b. Masjid d. Church
2. This commercial building is a place for buying and selling goods.
a. Market c. Theatre
b. Movie house d. Tsalet
3. This house generally has a ground floor that is made of brick or stone and has a wooden
upper level.
a. Apartment c. Bahay kubo
b. Barong-barong d. Bahay na bato

4. Camp Evangelista of Cagayan de Oro is an example of this architecture.

a. Apartment c. Fort
 b. Bahay kubo d. Market
5. Libingan ng mga bayani is an example of this architectural form.
a. Fort c. Market
b. Cemetery d. Movie house
6. A pulpit in a mosque is called a ________.
a. Mimbar c. Mihrab
b. Masjid d. Minaret
7. This is a place of worship for a Christian congregation.
a. Kamalig c. Church
b. Masjid d. Cemetery
8. The building of Cagayan de Oro Provincial Government is an example of this architectural
form.
a. Market c. Church
b. Capitol d. Bahay kubo
9. This commercial building is thought to be an evolved form of the palengke or market.
a. Market c. Bahay na bato
b. Mall/galleria d. Apartment
[Link] domestic building is deemed as an evolved form of apartment.
a. Mall c. Capitol
b. Market d. Condominium
Activity 7. Your Turn

Draw the following structural forms:

FORT (KUTA)

LIGHTHOUSE (PAROLA)

BRIDGE (TULAY)