Unit 2: The generation gap

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Word/Phrase Meaning Example

Discipline (n)

Rebellious (adj)

Strict (adj)

Misunderstanding (n)

Outdated (adj)

Conservative (adj)

Upbringing (n)

Tolerate (v)

Individuality (n)

Adaptability (n)

Hierarchy (n)
Patriarchy (n)

Matriarchy (n)

Obedient (adj)

Phrasal Verb/Idioms Meaning Example

To be the breadwinner
(idiom)

Bring up (phr v)

Take care/Look after (phr

To be the black sheep

A close-knit family
(idiom)

Live up to (phr v)

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1. Must and have to

- Cách dùng
+ must và have to đều dùng để thể hiện sự cần thiết/bắt buộc phải làm gì đó.
+ have to dùng trong văn nói nhiều hơn, must thì dùng trong văn bản, luật pháp,…
+ must có thường nhấn mạnh hơn have to.
VD: All applicants must take an entrance exam.
 All applicants have to take an entrance exam
=> các ứng viên phải làm bài kiểm tra đầu vào, không có lựa chọn khác, bài kiểm tra là bắt buộc.
+ must not hay mustn’t dùng để nói về hành động ta không được phép làm, bị cấm làm.
VD: You must not tell anyone my secret. Do you promise?
+ not have to dùng để diễn tả hành động mà ta không cần thiết phải làm.
VD: Tomorrow is a holiday. We don't have to go to class.
* Not have to còn có thể đồng nghĩa với need not (needn’t) đều thể hiện sự không cần
thiết phải làm gì đó.
VD: My friend just told me she just landed in China, so you needn’t call her anymore.
- Công thức chung:

Must Have to

Affirmative S + must + V_inf +… S + have/has to + V_inf +…

Negative S + must + not + V_inf +… S + do/does not have to + V_inf + …

Interrogative Must + S + V_inf +… ? Do/does + S + have to + V_inf + … ?

2. Should

- Cách dùng: dùng để thể hiện lời khuyên, gợi ý, hoặc nhắc nhở về trách nhiệm, đưa ra ý kiến
nên hay không nên làm gì. Ngoài ra, should còn được dùng để nói lên dự đoán.
- Công thức chung:

S + should + V_inf + …
Affirmative (khẳng định) VD: The doctor said you should exercise more.

S + should not + V_inf + …

Should + S + V_inf + …?
Interrogative (nghi vấn) VD: Should I become a doctor?

Bài tập
Use must/mustn’t/have to/not have to
Question 1. All passengers _________________ show their passports to the customs officer.
Question 2. Mai _________________ get up early tomorrow.
Question 3. Sorry. Julie and I _________________ leave the party early.
Question 4. Before an operation, all patients _________________ sign a consent form, or the
surgeon will not perform the surgery.
Question 5. I'll be home a little late. I _________________ pick up groceries after work.
Question 6. (Vicki) _________________ work tomorrow?
Question 7. Drivers _________________ pull over when they see a police car's flashing blue
lights.
Question 8. (our neighbor) _________________ play his music so loud every night? It's so
noisy.
Question 9. Susie, you _________________ put your toys away before you go outside.
Question 10. (we) _________________ buy our tickets in advance, or are they available at the
box office?
Question 11. a. Since you've already finished your homework, you_____________ study
tonight.
b. You _________________ skip class. Unexcused absences will lower your grade.
c. I _________________ contact my professor. I found the information I was looking for.
Question 12. a. I _________________ go to the doctor. I'm feeling much better.
b. Patients _________________ leave the hospital without their doctor's permission.
c. You _________________ introduce me to your doctor. We've already met.
Question 13. a. Park visitors _________________ approach the bears because they can be
unpredictable and dangerous.
b. If you encounter a bear, you _________________ run. Instead, back away slowly.
Question 14. a. A person _________________ get married in order to lead a happy and fulfilling
life.
b. A person _________________ become rich and famous in order to live a successful life.
 Reading Passage
Today's grandparents are joining their grandchildren on social media, but the different
generations' online habits couldn't be more (1) _________. In the UK the over-55s are joining
Facebook in increasing numbers, (2)____________ that they will soon be the site's second
biggest user group, with 3.5 million users aged 55–64 and 2.9 million over-65s.
Sheila, aged 59, says, 'I joined to see what my grandchildren are doing, as my daughter
posts videos and photos of them. It's a much better way to see what they're doing than
(3)__________ letters and photos in the post. That's how we did it when I was a child, but I think
I'm lucky I get to see so much more of their lives than my grandparents did.'
Ironically, Sheila's grandchildren are less likely to use Facebook themselves. Children
under 17 in the UK are (4)__________ the site – only 2.2 million users are under 17 – but they're
not going far from their smartphones. Chloe, aged 15, even sleeps with her phone. 'It's my alarm
clock so I have to,' she says. 'I look at it before I go to sleep and as soon as I wake up.'
Unlike her grandmother's generation, Chloe's age group is spending so much time on
their phones at home that they are (5)__________ spending time with their friends in real life.
Sheila, on the other hand, has made contact with old friends from school she hasn't
(6)__________ in forty years. 'We use Facebook to arrange to meet all over the country,' she
says. 'It's (7)__________ my social life completely.'
Teenagers might have their parents to thank for their smartphone and social media
(8)__________ as their parents were the early adopters of the smartphone. Peter, 38 and father of
two teenagers, reports that he used to be on his phone or laptop (9) _________. 'I was always
connected and I felt like I was always working,' he says. 'How could I tell my kids to get off their
phones if I was always in front of a screen myself?' So, in the evenings and at weekends, he takes
his SIM card out of his smartphone and puts it into an old-style mobile phone that can only make
calls and send text messages. 'I'm not completely (10)__________ from the world in case of
emergencies, but the important thing is I'm setting a better example to my kids and spending
more quality time with them.'
Question 1 .(A) contrary (B) opposite (C) diverse (D) different
Question 2.(A) indicating (B) signifying (C) resulting (D) causing
Question 3. (A) depending on (B) relying on (C) hoping for (D) waiting for
Question 4. (A) ditching (B) abandoning (C) leaving (D) exiting
Question 5. (A) losing out on (B) passing up on
(C) missing out on (D) sacrificing for
Question 6. (A) heard of (B) heard from (C) been told by (D) spoken about
Question 7. (A) changed (B) adjusted (C) modified (D) altered
Question 8. (A) compulsion (B) dependency (C) usage (D) addiction
Question 9. (A) frequently (B) constantly (C) regularly (D) habitually
Question 10. (A) detached (B) isolated (C) cut off (D) removed

Question 1 The widening ideological __________ between young adults and their parents is a
common feature of modern society.
(A) drift (B) divide (C) breach (D) span
Question 2 Many sociologists note a significant __________ in how 'Digital Natives' and
'Digital Immigrants' use social media platforms.
(A) contrast (B) difference (C) disparity (D) tension
Question 3 In an effort to understand his kids, the father actively tried to __________ the
communication gap by learning how to use TikTok.
(A) span (B) link (C) bridge (D) cement
Question 4 Respect for elders and adherence to family customs are part of the concept of
__________.
(A) filial piety (B) kin loyalty (C) ancestral honour (D) lineage worship
Question 5 Older generations sometimes feel __________ by the rapid changes in technology
and current youth culture.
(A) alienated (B) dissociated (C) estranged (D) dislocated
Question 6 Peter's goal of using an old mobile phone was to set a better __________ for his
children regarding screen time.
(A) standard (B) precedent (C) example (D) template
Question 7 When different values lead to serious conflict between generations, it is often
referred to as a cultural __________.
(A) collision (B) friction (C) clash (D) impact
Question 8 Grandparents often attempt to __________ their wisdom and life experiences to
their grandchildren.
(A) impose (B) diffuse (C) impart (D) infuse
Question 9 Teenagers today are generally considered __________ because they have grown up
completely immersed in digital technology.
(A) screen dwellers (B) tech pioneers (C) digital natives (D) online settlers
Question 10 The lack of emotional closeness or understanding between family members due to
differing priorities is called a family __________.
(A) setback (B) disconnect (C) schism (D) severance
Question 11 His parents were considered __________ of the smartphone when it first became
popular.
(A) forerunners (B) innovators (C) early adopters (D) first movers
Question 12 The persistence of inherited beliefs and practices from one generation to the next
defines a culture's __________.
(A) conservatism (B) historicity (C) ancestral nature (D) traditionalism
Question 13 The generational __________ caused by differing political views sometimes makes
family gatherings awkward.
(A) discord (B) apathy (C) negligence (D) resonance
Question 14 The skills and knowledge passed down through the family business form a valuable
family __________.
(A) bequest (B) heritage (C) endowment (D) legacy
Question 15 Many young people find it difficult to __________ the high expectations of their
highly successful parents.
(A) uphold (B) live up to (C) comply with (D) abide by
Question 16 The shift from print media to social media is a clear example of a widespread
__________ in cultural consumption habits.
(A) societal norm (B) cultural shift (C) ethical code (D) behavioral drift
Question 17 The older generation's tendency to constantly supervise their children's activities
has been humorously dubbed __________ parenting.
(A) vigilant (B) overbearing (C) helicopter (D) hovering