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~ b ; * ~ = # ~ i i l (*vmRmwtRiB
JT9;tRuAm~msj;~m-rftb1)(m,&s~ew*~
(independent variable) Wf 3 dk d t 8'T9flTPIT @ * W J;T FW
s r ; r ~ * ~ f ( t ) ~ ~ ? # F h ~ ~ i 3 : R ; * t,- *10FFRiFifmmW
%-%f ( t ) g ~ i p j i h wmm81
for each & > 0 3 e 6 > 0 s.t. Oclx-cl<S j
lim f(x) = ~
* f k i ~ e ~ ; ~ y + J 9 s i f r f f ~ h ~ % b *-f L( x )
x- 0
i&hq*rn* ( x - a)Q*[Link]&ift$Rkrvm~
dwmwwb~R4rl~;~~mm&Ti;~Sit&

lim
x- 1
-
X2-1
)(-I
m-I

m*BRig^m~PTrnhVRPflPm*1 m:m
 I
t 6 1&65€/7 *w~?rrR;p~
I
, @'@if, 6 = min. (1 , ~ / 7 )~ ~ T W W S ~ ~ I
I m,mm**l
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= > I x ~ - L ) I = I x - ~ )I x + 3 1 < 7 . & / 7 = &
6

I
ii) l i m f ( x ) = L = l i m h(x)
x-a x-a

lim ~ ( x ) ; T ; T * ~ ~ * w L & ~ TMQI

x-a
&:
* * r f f r a r c r r * ~ ~ & ~ > ~ h T I $ W ' $ * & ~ >0*62>0**1
$MfS;

~m'(;Prftrb6 = min. (61, 62). ir?s

L-&<h(x)<L+~
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m lim g(x) = L
x-a

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81 m w i m ~ R j w ~ ~ & i f % m w m g ~
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X-P
-
1 -
-
god lirn
x-p
1
g(x) *?% g (x) 0
=JwTRss
(reciprocal rule)

iv) lirn k = k mmf=mq

x-P
(constant function rule)

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(identity function rule)

= x-2
lirn 2 x-
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x- 2
lirn 2~ + lirn 1
x- 2 x- 2
lirn 3 lirn lim + lirn 4 lirn
-
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h
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m g(x) =i;wMRmQJimhm8%R;f(x)QRe fm3 49
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lim -= I k&bmm~i:imm+t%Rj
I x"
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*
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(denominator) %$ jrm ;;R &I
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;CTzl. @?T

a*xz'o$Rp
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lim f(x) = ~ Z m d d ~
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f : ] a, [ - R F ~ L $ ~ W T ~ V ~ ~ W ~ ~ ~ ~ ' Y ~
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f(x) =?!$+
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p-G<x<P *Rp.
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I 2.3-' (Continuity)
W $ ~ ~ ~ $ $ ~ ~ ! % ~ T W ~ ~ ~ V W Z F ~ R V

w cmfq
arm
(necessary condition) b 4k Rjtff VFIT dlf
*
(sufficient condition) $ 1 W W W
*
(integrability)
'TWT W W
v&l
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i i) lim f (x) = f (p).
X+P

h10 if * W (discontinu *us function) f*

R ; F f i i ) ~ ~ ; l f t ~ & ~ ~ i i i ) ~ m ~ r ; r
g T 8I f

R.srrR3my3:s m t t i t w $ k f ( x ) = x - [ X I , X = I rn&m8if
 r n w G t f f b M % p ~ ~ i b L ~%= p . r n a S r s s $ R i r * m
km*ma&m&a;wmr$aTQR;
n
lim x =
x-P
(A5x) (@ x) ... (lim x) (n m)
x-P
= p . p ... p(n m)= p" = f(p).

1 @+ f (x) =
x 0
!/T+x = 0 = f (0) *
lim f ( ~=
x-0-
lim
) x-0- (-,I = 0 = f(o)
 lim f ( ~ =
x -Q
) xlim x2 - 1 =
- O x - 1
Ifi (x + I ) =
X O
1

(exponential function) f(x) = ex,

(logarithmic function) f(x) = lnxFfTRrm$ I 3 3 # & 3 7 m d 1 $fhTv
~~+M$~&~TTx,;R&$I ~~~~lix-~~inx$kx--cosxTiaaQ~
x-tan x ] - v/2,7f/2 [ 3Tiaa%1 waPzitdhk;ymwmit$M~
MI ~s;rj:&~$)tBw~Ttm~d~rnlrn;;;r~
$ V ~ I ' V T ~ ? W & T ' F R ~ . ~ ~ T ~ ~ I
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+mft~
m ~ b k M -e+tMi*v;c;r;iif+g,
~ ~ X ~
fg,f/g
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s r 4 s ~ ~ * ~ * ~ . r f * ~ Z a T * l
 1
0, .O 5 x I ,
f (x) =
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FW*I r n - m ~ & % h i l f t f~l Rl T T P T ; I @ ~ W ~ ~ M
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81n r ~ h j : ~ z ~3 ;1l &
1 c ~ k[(a, ~ aft[(b, f(b)] u p k
h f(a)]
y = c T t : i f i i f ~ R ' ( 1 ~ ~ ~ ( ~ b i 3 ) , ~ f m ~
mi

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~ w ~ ! w ~ > o O ~ ! , M RI x W
- pV ~~
1<6F?tp?ff
I f(x) - L 1 < E
2) wvaffsm
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lirn I.= 1,
x- 1 x

lim 3/x = lirn 3/lim

E 2) x- = 311 = 3,
1 x-1 x-1

E 4 ) ili) * & > O ~ ~ ~ T ~ ~ F $ @ ~ W K = I / & ~ *

1

.-,
x>K=>),-OI=~I/XI<~/K=E
lim 1=0
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W
x>K=> 1 i / x 2 - o / = 1 i/x21 <I/K'=E
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1/x = 0
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I

=+f,x=prndfdkv$fjitT3dmrX1
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lim f ( ~=
x-a
) 1 - - 1 = f (a)
I

lim x2-9- a2 -9
x-a
interval,
numerator
graph
property
finite value
symbol
quotient
reciprocal
continuous
integrability
continuity '

limit
denominator