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\f0\fs24 \cf0 \\documentclass[12pt,a4paper]\{article\}\
\\usepackage[left=0.75in, right=0.75in, top=0.75in, bottom=0.75in]\{geometry\}\
\\usepackage\{amsmath\}\
\\usepackage\{amssymb\}\
\\usepackage\{array\}\
\\usepackage\{booktabs\}\
\\usepackage\{fancyhdr\}\
\\usepackage\{xcolor\}\
\
\\pagestyle\{fancy\}\
\\fancyhf\{\}\
\\rhead\{ISC Class XII Mathematics\}\
\\lhead\{Test Paper\}\
\\cfoot\{\\thepage\}\
\
\\title\{\\textbf\{ISC CLASS XII MATHEMATICS\}\\\\Test Paper (Sections A \\& C)\}\
\\author\{\}\
\\date\{\}\
\
\\begin\{document\}\
\
\\maketitle\
\
\\begin\{center\}\
\\textbf\{Time: 3 Hours \\quad | \\quad Maximum Marks: 80\}\
\\end\{center\}\
\
\\vspace\{0.3cm\}\
\
\\section*\{INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES\}\
\
\\begin\{enumerate\}\
\\item \\textbf\{Section A is compulsory.\} Answer all 14 questions.\
\\item \\textbf\{Section C:\} Answer any \\textbf\{four\} questions from the six offered.\
\\item \\textbf\{Internal Choices:\}\
\\begin\{itemize\}\
\\item Two 2-mark questions: Attempt one\
\\item Two 4-mark questions: Attempt one\
\\item Two 6-mark questions: Attempt one\
\\end\{itemize\}\
\\item Write all solutions and rough work on the answer sheet.\
\\item Mathematical tables and graph paper are provided.\
\\item The intended marks for questions are given in brackets [ ].\
\\end\{enumerate\}\
\
\\newpage\
\
\\section*\{SECTION A (65 MARKS) --- COMPULSORY\}\
\
All questions are compulsory. Answer all 14 questions.\
\
\\subsection*\{Objective Questions [1 mark each]\}\
\
\\textbf\{Q1.\} If $A = \\\{1, 2, 3\\\}$ and $B = \\\{x, y\\\}$, then the number of relations from $A$ to $B$
is:\
\\begin\{itemize\}\
\\item[(a)] 5\
\\item[(b)] 8\
\\item[(c)] 32\
\\item[(d)] \\textbf\{64\}\
\\end\{itemize\}\
\
\\textbf\{Q2.\} The principal value of $\\sin^\{-1\}\\left(-\\frac\{1\}\{2\}\\right)$ is:\
\\begin\{itemize\}\
\\item[(a)] $\\frac\{\\pi\}\{6\}$\
\\item[(b)] $\\mathbf\{-\\frac\{\\pi\}\{6\}\}$\
\\item[(c)] $\\frac\{5\\pi\}\{6\}$\
\\item[(d)] $-\\frac\{5\\pi\}\{6\}$\
\\end\{itemize\}\
\
\\textbf\{Q3.\} If $y = \\sqrt\{x\}$, then $\\frac\{dy\}\{dx\}$ at $x = 4$ is:\
\\begin\{itemize\}\
\\item[(a)] 1\
\\item[(b)] 0.5\
\\item[(c)] \\textbf\{0.25\}\
\\item[(d)] 2\
\\end\{itemize\}\
\
\\textbf\{Q4.\} The differential equation $\\frac\{d^2y\}\{dx^2\} + 5\\frac\{dy\}\{dx\} + 6y = 0$ is of order:\
\\begin\{itemize\}\
\\item[(a)] 0\
\\item[(b)] 1\
\\item[(c)] \\textbf\{2\}\
\\item[(d)] 3\
\\end\{itemize\}\
\
\\textbf\{Q5.\} If $P(A) = 0.3$ and $P(B) = 0.4$, and $A$ and $B$ are independent events, then $P(A
\\cap B)$ equals:\
\\begin\{itemize\}\
\\item[(a)] 0.7\
\\item[(b)] \\textbf\{0.12\}\
\\item[(c)] 0.1\
\\item[(d)] 0.5\
\\end\{itemize\}\
\
\\subsection*\{Short Answer Questions [2 marks each]\}\
\
\\textbf\{Q6.\} Show that the function $f(x) = |x - 1|$ is continuous at $x = 1$ but not differentiable at $x
= 1$.\
\
\\vspace\{1cm\}\
\
\\textbf\{Q7.\} [Internal Choice --- Attempt either 7(a) or 7(b)]\
\
\\textbf\{(a)\} Prove that: $\\tan^\{-1\}(1) + \\tan^\{-1\}(2) + \\tan^\{-1\}(3) = \\pi$\
\
\\textbf\{(b)\} Find the value of $\\cos^\{-1\}(-1) - \\sin^\{-1\}(1)$.\
\
\\vspace\{1cm\}\
\
\\textbf\{Q8.\} A ball is thrown upward from the ground with an initial velocity of 20 m/s. Taking $g = 10
\\, \\text\{m/s\}^2$, find the rate of change of velocity at $t = 1$ second.\
\
\\newpage\
\
\\subsection*\{Long Answer Questions [4 marks each]\}\
\
\\textbf\{Q9.\} [Internal Choice --- Attempt either 9(a) or 9(b)]\
\
\\textbf\{(a)\} Verify that the function $y = e^\{-2x\}(A\\cos(x) + B\\sin(x))$ is a solution of the differential
equation $\\frac\{d^2y\}\{dx^2\} + 4\\frac\{dy\}\{dx\} + 5y = 0$ for any constants $A$ and $B$.\
\
\\textbf\{(b)\} Solve the differential equation: $\\frac\{dy\}\{dx\} = \\frac\{x + y\}\{x - y\}$ given that $y = 0$
when $x = 1$.\
\
\\vspace\{1cm\}\
\
\\textbf\{Q10.\} The probability that a randomly selected student passes Mathematics is 0.7, and the
probability that they pass Physics is 0.6. If the probability that a student passes at least one subject is
0.8, find:\
\\begin\{itemize\}\
\\item[(i)] The probability that the student passes both subjects.\
\\item[(ii)] The probability that the student passes Mathematics given that they passed Physics.\
\\end\{itemize\}\
\
\\subsection*\{Long Answer Questions [6 marks each]\}\
\
\\textbf\{Q11.\} Find the local maxima and minima of the function $f(x) = x^3 - 6x^2 + 9x + 15$. Also,
sketch the curve indicating the turning points.\
\
\\vspace\{1cm\}\
\
\\textbf\{Q12.\} [Internal Choice --- Attempt either 12(a) or 12(b)]\
\
\\textbf\{(a)\} Solve the differential equation: $(1 + x^2)\\frac\{dy\}\{dx\} + 2xy = (1 + x^2)^2$ with the
condition that $y = 0$ when $x = 1$.\
\
\\textbf\{(b)\} The rate of change of the area of a circle with respect to its radius is $\\frac\{dA\}\{dr\}$.
Show that when the area is $A$, we have $\\frac\{dA\}\{dr\} = 2\\pi r$. A spherical balloon is being
inflated. Its volume increases at the rate of 50 cubic cm per second. Find the rate of change of its radius
when the radius is 5 cm.\
\
\\vspace\{1cm\}\
\
\\textbf\{Q13.\} A manufacturer produces two types of products, A and B. The profit on product A is
\'e2\'82\'b940 per unit and on product B is \'e2\'82\'b930 per unit. The production constraints are:\
\\begin\{itemize\}\
\\item Product A requires 2 hours of labor, Product B requires 1 hour of labor. Maximum 100 hours
available.\
\\item Product A requires 1 unit of raw material, Product B requires 2 units of raw material. Maximum 80
units available.\
\\item At least 10 units of product A must be produced.\
\\end\{itemize\}\
\
Formulate this as a linear programming problem and find the maximum profit.\
\
\\newpage\
\
\\textbf\{Q14.\} [Internal Choice --- Attempt either 14(a) or 14(b)]\
\
\\textbf\{(a)\} The data below shows the relationship between years of experience (in years) and
monthly salary (in thousands of rupees) for employees:\
\
\\begin\{center\}\
\\begin\{tabular\}\{|c|c|c|c|c|c|\}\
\\hline\
\\textbf\{Experience (x)\} & 2 & 4 & 6 & 8 & 10 \\\\\
\\hline\
\\textbf\{Salary (y)\} & 15 & 25 & 30 & 40 & 50 \\\\\
\\hline\
\\end\{tabular\}\
\\end\{center\}\
\
Find the regression equation of $y$ on $x$ and estimate the salary for an employee with 7 years of
experience.\
\
\\textbf\{(b)\} Two events A and B occur in a sample space with $P(A) = \\frac\{1\}\{3\}$, $P(B) =
\\frac\{1\}\{4\}$, and $P(A \\cup B) = \\frac\{1\}\{2\}$. Find:\
\\begin\{itemize\}\
\\item[(i)] $P(A \\cap B)$\
\\item[(ii)] $P(A^c \\cap B)$\
\\item[(iii)] $P\\left(\\frac\{A\}\{B\}\\right)$ (conditional probability)\
\\end\{itemize\}\
\
\\newpage\
\
\\section*\{SECTION C (15 MARKS) --- ATTEMPT ANY FOUR QUESTIONS\}\
\
Attempt any \\textbf\{four\} questions from the six offered below.\
\
\\subsection*\{Q1: Application of Calculus [5 marks]\}\
\
A rectangular box with a square base is to be constructed from a piece of sheet metal. The box must
have a volume of 500 cubic cm. If the material for the bottom costs \'e2\'82\'b95 per cm$^2$, the
material for the sides costs \'e2\'82\'b92 per cm$^2$, and the material for the top costs \'e2\'82\'b93 per
cm$^2$, find the dimensions of the box that minimize the total cost of material.\
\
\\subsection*\{Q2: Application of Calculus [5 marks]\}\
\
The population of a city grows according to the differential equation:\
\\[\\frac\{dP\}\{dt\} = 0.02P\\]\
\
where $P$ is the population and $t$ is time in years. If the population in 2020 was 500,000, find:\
\\begin\{itemize\}\
\\item[(i)] The population in 2025\
\\item[(ii)] The time when the population will double\
\\end\{itemize\}\
\
\\subsection*\{Q3: Linear Regression [6 marks]\}\
\
The table below shows the relationship between advertising expenditure (in thousands of rupees) and
sales (in thousands of rupees) for a company over 8 years:\
\
\\begin\{center\}\
\\begin\{tabular\}\{|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|\}\
\\hline\
\\textbf\{Year\} & 1 & 2 & 3 & 4 & 5 & 6 & 7 & 8 \\\\\
\\hline\
\\textbf\{Advertising (x)\} & 10 & 12 & 14 & 16 & 18 & 20 & 22 & 24 \\\\\
\\hline\
\\textbf\{Sales (y)\} & 50 & 55 & 60 & 70 & 75 & 85 & 90 & 95 \\\\\
\\hline\
\\end\{tabular\}\
\\end\{center\}\
\
\\begin\{itemize\}\
\\item[(i)] Calculate the regression coefficients and write the regression equation of $y$ on $x$\
\\item[(ii)] Find the correlation coefficient\
\\item[(iii)] Estimate the sales when advertising expenditure is \'e2\'82\'b917,000\
\\end\{itemize\}\
\
\\newpage\
\
\\subsection*\{Q4: Linear Regression [6 marks]\}\
\
[Internal Choice --- Attempt either 4(a) or 4(b)]\
\
\\textbf\{(a)\} The following data represents the relationship between temperature (in \'c2\'b0C) and the
number of ice cream cones sold per day:\
\
\\begin\{center\}\
\\begin\{tabular\}\{|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|\}\
\\hline\
\\textbf\{Temperature (x)\} & 18 & 20 & 22 & 24 & 26 & 28 & 30 & 32 \\\\\
\\hline\
\\textbf\{Cones Sold (y)\} & 40 & 45 & 55 & 70 & 85 & 95 & 110 & 125 \\\\\
\\hline\
\\end\{tabular\}\
\\end\{center\}\
\
Find the regression equation of $y$ on $x$ and predict the number of cones sold when the temperature
is 25\'c2\'b0C. Also, calculate the coefficient of determination ($R^2$).\
\
\\textbf\{(b)\} In a study of the relationship between study hours per week ($x$) and final exam scores
($y$) for 10 students:\
\\begin\{itemize\}\
\\item $\\sum x = 45$, $\\sum y = 750$, $\\sum xy = 3600$, $\\sum x^2 = 235$, $\\sum y^2 = 57,500$\
\\item Number of students, $n = 10$\
\\end\{itemize\}\
\
Calculate the regression equation of $y$ on $x$ and find the standard error of the estimate.\
\
\\subsection*\{Q5: Linear Programming [4 marks]\}\
\
A farmer has 100 hectares of land. He wants to plant two crops, A and B. The profit per hectare is
\'e2\'82\'b95,000 for crop A and \'e2\'82\'b93,000 for crop B. Crop A requires 20 labor days per hectare
and Crop B requires 10 labor days per hectare. A maximum of 1,500 labor days are available.\
\
\\begin\{itemize\}\
\\item[(i)] Formulate this as a linear programming problem\
\\item[(ii)] Find the optimal planting strategy to maximize profit\
\\item[(iii)] What is the maximum profit?\
\\end\{itemize\}\
\
\\subsection*\{Q6: Linear Programming [4 marks]\}\
\
[Internal Choice --- Attempt either 6(a) or 6(b)]\
\
\\textbf\{(a)\} A company manufactures two products, X and Y. The profit on product X is \'e2\'82\'b98
per unit and on product Y is \'e2\'82\'b96 per unit. The constraints are:\
\\begin\{itemize\}\
\\item Product X requires 2 hours of machine time and product Y requires 1 hour. Maximum 40 hours of
machine time available.\
\\item Product X requires 3 units of material and product Y requires 2 units. Maximum 120 units of
material available.\
\\item At least 5 units of product X must be produced.\
\\end\{itemize\}\
\
Solve this linear programming problem graphically to find the maximum profit.\
\
\\textbf\{(b)\} A publishing company produces two types of books: textbooks and novels.\
\\begin\{itemize\}\
\\item Textbooks: Profit \'e2\'82\'b9150 per unit, requires 2 pages of design, 3 pages of printing\
\\item Novels: Profit \'e2\'82\'b9120 per unit, requires 1 page of design, 2 pages of printing\
\\item Available resources: 200 pages for design, 300 pages for printing per month\
\\end\{itemize\}\
\
Formulate this as a linear programming problem and identify the constraints. Describe how you would
solve it to maximize profit.\
\
\\newpage\
\
\\section*\{ANSWER KEY \\& MARKING GUIDE\}\
\
\\subsection*\{SECTION A\}\
\
\\subsubsection*\{Objective Questions (1 mark each)\}\
\
\\begin\{center\}\
\\begin\{tabular\}\{|c|c|l|\}\
\\hline\
\\textbf\{Q\} & \\textbf\{Answer\} & \\textbf\{Concept\} \\\\\
\\hline\
1 & (d) 64 & Relations: $2^\{|A| \\times |B|\} = 2^6$ \\\\\
\\hline\
2 & (b) $-\\frac\{\\pi\}\{6\}$ & $\\sin^\{-1\}$ range: $[-\\frac\{\\pi\}\{2\}, \\frac\{\\pi\}\{2\}]$ \\\\\
\\hline\
3 & (c) 0.25 & $\\frac\{dy\}\{dx\} = \\frac\{1\}\{2\\sqrt\{x\}\} = \\frac\{1\}\{4\}$ at $x=4$ \\\\\
\\hline\
4 & (c) 2 & Order = highest derivative \\\\\
\\hline\
5 & (b) 0.12 & $P(A \\cap B) = 0.3 \\times 0.4$ \\\\\
\\hline\
\\end\{tabular\}\
\\end\{center\}\
\
\\subsubsection*\{Q6: Continuity vs Differentiability [2 marks]\}\
\
\\textbf\{Solution:\}\
\
\\textit\{Continuity at $x = 1$:\}\
\\begin\{itemize\}\
\\item $\\lim_\{x \\to 1^-\} |x - 1| = 0$\
\\item $\\lim_\{x \\to 1^+\} |x - 1| = 0$\
\\item $f(1) = |1 - 1| = 0$\
\\item Therefore, $f$ is continuous at $x = 1$ \\checkmark (1 mark)\
\\end\{itemize\}\
\
\\textit\{Non-differentiability at $x = 1$:\}\
\\begin\{itemize\}\
\\item Left derivative: $\\lim_\{h \\to 0^-\} \\frac\{|1+h-1| - 0\}\{h\} = \\lim_\{h \\to 0^-\} \\frac\{-h\}\{h\} = -1$\
\\item Right derivative: $\\lim_\{h \\to 0^+\} \\frac\{|1+h-1| - 0\}\{h\} = \\lim_\{h \\to 0^+\} \\frac\{h\}\{h\} =
1$\
\\item Since left $\\neq$ right derivatives, $f$ is not differentiable at $x = 1$ \\checkmark (1 mark)\
\\end\{itemize\}\
\
\\subsubsection*\{Q7(b): Inverse Trigonometric [2 marks]\}\
\
\\textbf\{Solution:\}\
\
$\\cos^\{-1\}(-1) = \\pi$\
\
$\\sin^\{-1\}(1) = \\frac\{\\pi\}\{2\}$\
\
$\\cos^\{-1\}(-1) - \\sin^\{-1\}(1) = \\pi - \\frac\{\\pi\}\{2\} = \\mathbf\{\\frac\{\\pi\}\{2\}\}$ (2 marks)\
\
\\subsubsection*\{Q8: Rate of Change [2 marks]\}\
\
\\textbf\{Solution:\}\
\
$s = 20t - 5t^2$ (using $s = ut - \\frac\{1\}\{2\}gt^2$)\
\
$v = \\frac\{ds\}\{dt\} = 20 - 10t$\
\
At $t = 1$:\
\
$\\frac\{dv\}\{dt\} = -10 \\, \\text\{m/s\}^2$\
\
\\textbf\{Answer:\} Rate of change = $-10 \\, \\text\{m/s\}^2$ (magnitude 10 m/s$^2$) (2 marks)\
\
\\subsubsection*\{Q10: Probability [4 marks]\}\
\
\\textbf\{Solution:\}\
\
Given: $P(M) = 0.7$, $P(P) = 0.6$, $P(M \\cup P) = 0.8$\
\
\\textit\{(i)\} Using $P(M \\cup P) = P(M) + P(P) - P(M \\cap P)$:\
\
$0.8 = 0.7 + 0.6 - P(M \\cap P)$\
\
$\\mathbf\{P(M \\cap P) = 0.5\}$ (2 marks)\
\
\\textit\{(ii)\} Conditional probability:\
\
$P(M|P) = \\frac\{P(M \\cap P)\}\{P(P)\} = \\frac\{0.5\}\{0.6\} = \\mathbf\{\\frac\{5\}\{6\} \\approx 0.833\}$
(2 marks)\
\
\\subsubsection*\{Q11: Maxima \\& Minima [6 marks]\}\
\
\\textbf\{Solution:\}\
\
$f(x) = x^3 - 6x^2 + 9x + 15$\
\
$f'(x) = 3x^2 - 12x + 9 = 3(x^2 - 4x + 3) = 3(x - 1)(x - 3)$\
\
Critical points: $x = 1$ and $x = 3$ (1 mark)\
\
$f''(x) = 6x - 12$\
\
At $x = 1$: $f''(1) = -6 < 0$ $\\Rightarrow$ \\textbf\{Local Maximum\} (1 mark)\
\
$f(1) = 1 - 6 + 9 + 15 = \\mathbf\{19\}$\
\
At $x = 3$: $f''(3) = 6 > 0$ $\\Rightarrow$ \\textbf\{Local Minimum\} (1 mark)\
\
$f(3) = 27 - 54 + 27 + 15 = \\mathbf\{15\}$\
\
[Sketch showing cubic curve passing through $(1, 19)$ as local max and $(3, 15)$ as local min] (2
marks)\
\
\\subsubsection*\{Q14(a): Linear Regression [6 marks]\}\
\
\\textbf\{Given Data:\}\
\
\\begin\{center\}\
\\begin\{tabular\}\{|c|c|c|c|c|c|\}\
\\hline\
$x$ & 2 & 4 & 6 & 8 & 10 \\\\\
\\hline\
$y$ & 15 & 25 & 30 & 40 & 50 \\\\\
\\hline\
\\end\{tabular\}\
\\end\{center\}\
\
\\textbf\{Calculations:\}\
\
$n = 5$, $\\sum x = 30$, $\\sum y = 160$, $\\sum xy = 1110$, $\\sum x^2 = 220$\
\
$b = \\frac\{5 \\times 1110 - 30 \\times 160\}\{5 \\times 220 - 900\} = \\frac\{5550 - 4800\}\{1100 - 900\} =
\\frac\{750\}\{200\} = 3.75$ (2 marks)\
\
$a = 32 - 3.75(6) = 32 - 22.5 = 9.5$\
\
\\textbf\{Regression Equation:\} $\\hat\{y\} = 3.75x + 9.5$ (2 marks)\
\
\\textbf\{When $x = 7$:\}\
\
$\\hat\{y\} = 3.75(7) + 9.5 = 26.25 + 9.5 = \\mathbf\{\'e2\'82\'b935,750\}$ (2 marks)\
\
\\end\{document\}}}}