ELL303: Power Engineering I - Tutorial 1
1. (a) A generator is rated 500 MVA, 22 kV. Its Y connected windings have a reactance
of 1.1 p.u. Find the ohmic value of the reactance. [Xactual = 1.0648 Ω]
(b) The above generator is in a circuit for which bases are specified as 100 MVA, 20
kV. Find the new p.u. value of the reactance of generator. [Xpu = 0.2662 p.u.]
2. A 100 MVA, 33 kV three-phase generator has a subtransient reactance of 15%. The
generator is connected to the motors through a transmission line and transformers as
shown in Fig.1. The motors have rated inputs of 30 MVA, 20 MVA, and 50 MVA at
30 kV with 20% subtransient reactance. The three-phase transformers are rated at
110 MVA, ∆/ Y (32 kV /110 kV ) with a leakage reactance of 8%. The transmission
line has a reactance of 50 Ω. Selecting the generator rating as the base quantities in
the generator circuit, determine the base quantities in other parts of the system and
evaluate the corresponding per-unit (p.u.) values. [Generator=0.15 pu, Line= 0.3886
pu, M1= 0.5509 pu, M2= 0.826 pu, M3= 0.3305 pu]
Figure 1: Power System
3. The single-line diagram of a three-phase system is shown in Fig.2. Using the common
base Sb = 50 MVA, draw the impedance diagram in per unit including the load
impedance. The three-phase load at bus 4 absorbs 60 MVA at 0.75 power factor
(lagging), and lines 1, 2, and 3 have the reactance of 40Ω, 32Ω, and 30Ω, respectively.
(a) Find out the per-unit reactance of the generators and transformers.
(b) Find out the impedance bases for lines 1, 2, and 3.
(c) Find out the per-unit reactance of lines 1, 2, and 3.
(d) Find out the per-unit load impedance for bus 4.
[(a) XG1 = 0.2083, XG2 = 0.3, XT 1 = 0.08, XT 2 =
0.1, XT 3 = 0.1; (b) Zbase (L1) = Zbase (L2) = Zbase (L3) =
242 Ω; (c) L1(p.u.) = 0.165, L2(p.u.) = 0.132, L3(p.u.) =
0.124; (d) Zload = 0.626 + j0.552]
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Figure 2: Three Phase System
Device Sn U(L−L)n Xn
Generator G1 : 48 MVA 20 kV 20%
Generator G2 : 25 MVA 13.8 kV 15%
Transformer T1 : 50 MVA 20/110 kV 8%
Transformer T2 : 30 MVA 13.8/110 kV 6%
Transformer T3 : 50 MVA 11/110 kV 10%
4. Consider a load that is connected to a transmission line defined by the following
parameters:
(a) Lighting load of 20 kW at unity power factor,
(b) Induction motor load of 100 kW at power factor 0.707 lagging,
(c) Synchronous motor load of 50 kW at power factor 0.9 leading.
Calculate the total kW and kVA delivered by the generator and determine the power
factor at which it operates. [Total kW=170MW,Total kVA= 186 kVA, pf=0.914 lagging]
5. Three generators are rated as follows:
(a) Generator 1: 100 MVA, 33 kV, reactance 10%
(b) Generator 2: 150 MVA, 32 kV, reactance 8%
(c) Generator 3: 110 MVA, 30 kV, reactance 12%
Determine the per-unit reactance of the generators corresponding to base values of
200 MVA and 35 kV.
[XG1 = 0.1777, XG2 = 0.08916, XG3 = 0.1603]
6. A single-phase, 230 V, 50 Hz supply feeds an industrial load that draws 20 A at a
lagging power factor of 0.75:
(a) Calculate P and Q.
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(b) The power factor is to be improved from 0.75 lagging to 0.95 lagging by connect-
ing a shunt capacitor across the load. Find reactive power Qc (kVAR) supplied
by the capacitor and capacitance value C (in µF) required.
[P = 3.45kW, Q = 3.04kV AR, Qc = 1.91kV AR, C = 0.115mF ]
7. The reactance of a generator designated X is given as 0.25 per unit based on the
generator’s nameplate rating of 18 kV, 500 MVA.
(a) The base for calculations is 20 kV, 100 MVA. Find Xa(X on the new base).
(b) The base for calculations is 20 kV, 500MVA. Find Xb (X on the new base).
(c) The base for calculations is 18 kV, 100 MVA. Find Xc (X on the new base).
[Xa = 0.0405pu, Xb = 0.2025pu, Xc = 0.05pu]
8. Two ideal voltage sources, designated as Machines 1 and 2, are connected by an
impedance Z between them. If
E1 = 100∠0◦ , E2 = 100∠30◦ , Z = j5 Ω
Determine:
(a) whether each machine is generating or consuming real power, and calculate the
amount,
(b) whether each machine is supplying or absorbing reactive power, and calculate
the amount,
(c) the real and reactive power absorbed by the impedance.
[S1 = 1000 − j268V A, S2 = −1000 − j268V A, Pz = 0, Qz = 536var]
9. A single-phase AC voltage of 240 V is applied to a series circuit whose impedance is
10 Ω at a power factor of 0.866 lagging.
(a) Calculate the current drawn by the circuit.
(b) Calculate the real power P .
(c) Calculate the reactive power Q.
(d) Determine the apparent power.
[I = 24 A, P ≈ 5.0 kW, Q = 2.88 kVAR, S = 5.76 kVA]
10. A three-phase load is supplied by a 11 kV (line-to-line), 50 Hz system. The load draws
a line current of 40 A at a lagging power factor of 0.8.
(a) Calculate the real power P absorbed by the load.
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(b) Calculate the reactive power Q absorbed by the load.
(c) Determine the apparent power S. [P = 610 kW, Q = 458 kVAR, S = 762 kVA]
Electrical Engineering Dept - IIT Delhi