Environmental project
oAir Pollution
oWater Pollution
oSoil pollution
AIR
POLLUTION
POLLUTION
WATER SOIL
POLLUTION POLLUTION
Air pollution occurs when the air contains
gases, dust, fumes or odor in harmful
amounts. That is, amounts which could be
harmful to the health or comfort of
humans and animals or which could cause
damage to plants and materials.
Exhaust from Combustion Engines
Use of Coals and Fossil Fuels
Petroleum
Mining Operations
Stationary sources
Fertilizer Dust
Chemical Pesticides
Acidification
Ground level ozone
1. Air Pollution- Air pollution has serious effects on environment as well as
human health. They are:
i. Acid rain is precipitation containing harmful amounts of nitric and
sulfuric acids. These acids are formed primarily by nitrogen oxides and
sulfur oxides released into the atmosphere when fossil fuels are burned.
ii. Haze is caused when sunlight encounters tiny pollution particles in the
air. Haze obscures the clarity, color, texture, and form of what we see.
iii. Effects on wildlife. Toxic pollutants in the air, or deposited on soils or
surface waters, can impact wildlife in a number of ways. Like humans,
animals can experience health problems if they are exposed to sufficient
concentrations of air toxics over time. Respiratory problems, reduced
lung functioning are certain problems which can occur in the people.
iv. Ozone depletion- This is a layer present in the atmosphere which
protects us from the harmful ultraviolet rays of the sun which can
cause skin cancer. But due to the air pollutants this layer is getting
depleted.
v. These gases also cause the Green house effect and Global warming.
vi. The air pollutants also cause diseases in humans like lung cancer,
asthma, Irritation of eyes, nose, mouth and throat, Disruption of
Companies should be forced to be more
responsible with their manufacturing
activities, so that even though they still cause
pollution, they are a lot controlled.
Use energy wisely. This is because lots of
fossil fuels are burned to generate electricity,
and so if we can cut down the use, we will
also cut down the amount of pollution we
create.
Water pollution is the
contamination of water bodies (e.g.
lakes, rivers, oceans, aquifers and
groundwater), very often by
human activities.
Sewage and Waste Water
Septic Tanks
Ocean and Marine Dumping
Underground storages and
Leakages
Atmospheric Deposition
2. Water Pollution- Its effects are as follows:-
i. Water bodies like lakes and rivers are polluted
which results in the death of marine animals like
fishes, turtles, whales, dolphins etc.
ii. Oil spills not only harm marine animals but they
also affect precipitation rate.
iii. If the polluted water is consumed by humans then
water-borne diseases like typhoid, cholera,
dysentery.
iv. When the pesticides after surface runoff reach the
lakes, they lead to the growth of algae which after
sometime covers the whole lake and due to lack of
oxygen the animals die.
Never throw rubbish away anyhow. Always
look for the correct waste bin.
Use water wisely. Do not keep the tap
running when not in use. Also, you can
reduce the amount of water you use in
washing and bathing. If we all do this, we can
significantly prevent water shortages and
reduces the amount of dirty water that needs
treatment.
Soil contamination or soil pollution is caused by the
presence of xenobiotic (human-made) chemicals or
other alteration in the natural soil environment. It is
typically caused by industrial activity, agricultural
chemicals, or improper disposal of waste. and
other heavy metals. Contamination is correlated
with the degree of industrialization and intensity of
chemical usage.
Soil contamination can be caused by:
❖Corrosion of underground storage
tanks (including piping used to transmit the
contents)
❖Application of pesticides and fertilizers
❖Mining
❖Oil and fuel dumping
❖Disposal of coal ash
❖Leaching from landfills
❖Direct discharge of industrial wastes to the soil
❖Drainage of contaminated surface water into the
soil
3. Soil Pollution- Its effects are:-
i. The waste from landfill leaches and causes
contaminates the groundwater.
ii. Certain animals like cows eat waste like
plastic bags and die.
iii. It emits foul odor and becomes breeding
ground for mosquitoes.
iv. The waste on a landfill reduces the fertility of
the soil.
v. Pesticides, benzene, chromium and weed
killers sprayed on the field are carcinogens
which have been established to lead to all
kinds of cancer.
The greatest prevention to land pollution is in
the three ‘R's’ …
Reduce Waste, Re-use things and
Recycle things. This is true even for
governments. They can also use the three ‘R’
rule to minimize the amount of waste that
ends up in landfills. After the three 'R's.