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ESSLCE 2014/15 Grammar and Comprehension Exam

The document outlines the Ethiopian Secondary School Leaving Certificate Examination (ESSLCE) for the academic year Tikmt 2014/15, consisting of 120 grammar items and comprehension sections. It includes multiple-choice questions aimed at assessing students' understanding of grammar and reading comprehension. The examination is structured to evaluate both language skills and comprehension abilities through various sentence completion and reading passages.

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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
8 views31 pages

ESSLCE 2014/15 Grammar and Comprehension Exam

The document outlines the Ethiopian Secondary School Leaving Certificate Examination (ESSLCE) for the academic year Tikmt 2014/15, consisting of 120 grammar items and comprehension sections. It includes multiple-choice questions aimed at assessing students' understanding of grammar and reading comprehension. The examination is structured to evaluate both language skills and comprehension abilities through various sentence completion and reading passages.

Uploaded by

Tewedros
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

EDUCATIONAL ASSESSMENT AND EXAMINATION SERVICE

ETHIOPIAN SECONDARY SCHOOL LEAVING CERTIFICATE

EXAMINATION (ESSLCE)

TIKMT 2014/15 (OCTOBER 2022)

DOKLET CODE: 028

Number of items: 120

SUBJECT CODE: 01

Time Allowed: 2:00 hours

I. Grammar

RECTIONS: Items 1-38 are incomplete sentences. There are four alternative words or phrases, A-
D, given below each sentence. Choose the word or phrase that best completes the sentence and
blacken the letter of your choice on the space provided in the answer sheet.

I like ______ sugar in my tea. Do have some please?

A. a little C. many

B. any D. a few

Take your umbrella with you. It ______ rain in the afternoon.

A. must C. has to

B. might D. should

I think I saw you coming out of the Director's office. ______ did you go there?

A. Who C. For how

B. What D. Why
I eat nearly all kinds of food. ______ drinks, I only like soft drinks and fruit juices.

A. For C. With respect to

B. As far as D. In spite of

Bekalu: How ______ do you watch television?

Dinku: Every evening.

A. often C. happy

B. much D. relaxed

6. He something at the roadside and started running as fast as he

could.

A. sees C. was seen

B. saw D. has seen

7. You say your friend has not been around for some time.

you last see him.

A. Who C. Wherever

B. Why D. When

8. We didn't like the talk show, we switch movie

channel.

A. as

B. because

9. My friend is sometimes hard to convince but I like him

A. even likewise
B. although nonetheless

10. Tomorrow, Sofanit ner assignments the whole day.

A. have been doing C. would have done

B. does D. will be doing

11. Members of the team sat down under a tree and rested because they were

tired after the long journey on foot.

A. extremely C. quickly

B. hardly D. fast

12. The country was able to register a significant economic growth

the negative impacts of both internal and external factors.

A. in spite C. despite

B. although D. even though

13. I hate going out for a walk the rainy season.

A. at C. at the same time as

B. during D. while

14. Our housemaid is really a nice woman. She a mother.

A. is as C. acts

B is like D. looks

15. Many more books for the school library next year.

A. buy C. are bought

B. will buy D. will be bought

16. All the participants of the meeting to express their opinions


freely.

A. allowed C. were allow

B. were allowed D. allow

17. I think they the issue at the next meeting.

A. are going to discuss C. discussing

B. will be going to discuss D. going to discuss

18. Although the doctor has warned him several times, he hasn't stopped

yet.

A. to drink C. to get drunk

B. drinks D. drinking

19. If he more carefully, he wouldn't have had the accident.

A. had drive C. would drive

B. drove D. has driven

20. The place is a long way from here. I think we take a taxi.

A. should C. ought

B. should have D. had

21. The new park is really You should go and see it.

A. fascinated C. fascinating

B. fascinates D. fascination

22. We remained idle yesterday; we played football watched

television.

A. neither... nor C. either... or

B. both... and D. haven't

23. Many people do not it is easy to find jobs these days.

A. count C. mean

B. think D. dare
24. My mobile phone is missing. I dropped it somewhere.

A. would have C. couldn't have

B. might have D. haven't

25. If you practice regularly, there is no doubt that your much better.

A. has been C.

B. is D.

26. Next time you come to class don't forget your textbook.

A. to bring C. having brought

B. bringing D. bring

27. There is a lot of dissatisfaction present, but that things will improve in the coming years.

A. I'm looking C. I'm certain

B. I'm not sure D. I'm worried

28. Girum: Let's go to the theatre this afternoon. There is a new play at the National Theatre.

Mihret: I the time. I have a lot of work to today.

A. had C. have had

B. have D. will have

29. You have to do at home this afternoon, so you can't go out.

A. nothing C. not

B. anything D. something
30. Have all the committee members arrived? the meeting.

A. They have started C. It is about time we started

B. It is not possible to conduct D. It is the chairman who called

31. My younger brother is very much interested studying robotics.

A. on C. for

B. in D. at

32. Muktar went to Jimma see his old friends.

A. for C. as to

B. because D. in order to

33. I wish I a pilot so that I can travel to different parts of the world.

A. have been C. were

B. am D. can be

34. If you don't want to be broke, you your money wisely.

A. ought to do C. ought to use

B. has used D. ought have used

35. Students who came late this morning to report to the Unit Leader's office.

A. have told C. would tell

B. told D. were told

36. The girl is to take care of herself.

A. young C. old enough

B. enough old D. old


37. They are working very hard on the project, and they will complete it in time.

A. convinced C. hesitate

B. I am sure that D. I have no point

38. My friend says that she all her assignments already.

A. has done C. will be done

B. will be doing D. will do

II. Comprehension

Section One: Understanding Sentences

DIRECTIONS: Items 39 and 40 are given below. Each sentence is followed by four other
sentences (A-D). Choose the sentence that is closest in meaning to the sentence given and
blacken the letter of your choice on the separate answer sheet provided.

39. Rapid population growth is likely to lead to high cost of living.

A. It is important to control population growth.

B. Rapid population growth is a threat to our survival.

C. It is important to control cost of living.

D. High cost of living may result from rapid population growth.

40. I wish I had talked to him when I saw him yesterday.

A. When I saw him yesterday I should have talked to him.

B. I talked to him when I saw him yesterday.

C. I saw him yesterday and I avoided speaking to him.


D. I saw him yesterday and was not interested to talk to him.

DIRECTIONS: Below are two reading passages - Passage One and Passage Two. Read each
passage carefully and answer items 41-60. Each item has four choices. Choose the best
alternative and blacken the letter of your choice on the separate answer sheet provided.

Section Two: Reading Passage I

1. Air pollution is an issue which concerns us all alike. One can willingly choose or reject a food,
a drink or a life comfort, but unfortunately there is little choice for the air we breathe. All, what
is there in the air is inhaled by one and all living in those surroundings.

2. Air pollutant is defined as a substance which is present while normally it is not there or
present in an amount exceeding the normal concentrations. It could either be gaseous or a
particulate matter. The major harmful polluting

gases are carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, ozone and oxides of sulphur and

nitrogen. The common particulate pollutants are the dusts of various

inorganic or organic origins. Although we often talk of the outdoor

pollution caused by industrial and vehicular exhausts, the indoor pollution

may prove to be as or a more serious cause of health problems.

Recognition of air pollution is relatively recent. It is not uncommon to

experience a feeling of 'suffocation' in a closed environment which is often

ascribed to the lack of oxygen. Fortunately, however, the composition of air

is remarkably constant all over the world. There is about 79 per cent

nitrogen and 21 per cent oxygen in the air, the other gases forming a very

small fraction. It is true that carbon dioxide exhaled out of lungs may

accumulate in a closed and overcrowded place. But such an increase is


usually small and temporary unless the room is really airtight. Exposure to

poisonous gases such as carbon monoxide may occur in a closed room,

heated by burning coal inside. This may also prove to be fatal.

What is more common in a poorly ventilated home is a vague constellation

of symptoms described as the sick building syndrome. It is characterized by

a general feeling of malaise, headache, dizziness and irritation of mucous

membranes. It may also be accompanied by nausea, itching, aches, pains and

depression. Sick building syndrome is getting commoner in big cities with

small houses which are generally over-furnished. Some of the major

pollutants whose indoor concentrations exceed those of the outdoor include

gases such as carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, oxides of nitrogen and

organic substances like spores, formaldehydes, hydrocarbon aerosols and

allergens. The sources are attributed to a variety of construction materials,

insulations, furnishings, adhesives, cosmetics, house dusts, fungi and other

Indoor products.

Obviously, the spectrum of pollution is very wide and our options are

limited. Indoor pollution may be handled relatively easily by an individual.

Moreover, the good work must start from one's own house.

Adapted from [Link]

41. The fact that the composition of air is constant all over the world is an indicator of how

A. nature is uniform.

B. nature works.

C. we should change the nature.

D. nature is stagnant.
42. Air pollutant is said to be present when

A. We release carbon dioxide

B. There is excess nitrogen

C. There is excess oxygen

D. We feel suffocated during breathing

43. The writer of the passage thinks that

A. we can fully control air pollution

B. the scale of pollution is too wide to handle in our present capacity.

C. our understanding of air pollution is low.

D. individuals can contribute to handling indoor air pollution.

44. A feeling of suffocation

A. has nothing to do with pollution.

B. is a human nature.

C. is indication of pollution.

D. is a rare occurrence.

45. It is NOT stated in the passage that

A. choosing what we eat or drink can give us life comfort.

B. we have no role in the air we breathe.

C. air pollution affects us all in different ways.

D. we can choose or reject a food, a drink or a life comfort when we have the chance.

46. The accumulation of carbon dioxide exhaled from lungs


A. is the same in all places.

B. could result in series illness and death.

C. increases in an airtight room and could cause suffocation.

D. is smaller and temporary in airtight rooms.

47. An appropriate title for the passage could be

A. Human contribution to air pollution

B. How to tackle air pollution

C. Causes and effects of air pollution

D. Types of pollution

48. Which one of the following is NOT true according to the passage?

A. Our indoor activities contribute to air pollution.

B. Industrial and vehicular exhausts are the main sources of indoor air pollution.

C. Indoor pollution relatively less than outdoor pollution.

D. Human beings cannot manage air pollution.

49. Which one of the following is mentioned as a source of indoor pollutants?

A. Industrial exhausts C. Car exhausts

B. Particulate matters D. Cosmetics

50. Which one of the following is NOT characteristic of the sick building syndrome?

A. It is the result of the combined effect of various diseases.

B. It commonly occurs in homes with little or no ventilation.

C. It is an indistinct collection of symptoms.

D. It is becoming more common in big cities with small but over-furnished houses.
Section Three: Reading Passage II

1. Research suggests that our level of happiness depends partly on factors we cannot control -
our genes and our life circumstances. But our level of happiness is also shaped by the choices
we make. If you've been chasing wealth, fame, good looks, material things, and power, you may
be looking for happiness in all the wrong places. According to psychologists, the following are
some of the factors which make people happier.

2. To begin with, people who form close relationships tend to be happier than those who do
not. The number of friends we have is not important. What matters is the quality of our
relationships. Relationships that bring happiness usually involve the sharing of feelings, mutual
respect, acceptance, trust, fun

and empathy. As well as forming intimate relationships, caring for the

wellbeing of others can be a source of happiness. This might involve

volunteering for an organization or reaching out to support friends and

family on a regular basis.

3. People who include spirituality in their daily life also tend to be happier.

Practicing spirituality is a way of recognizing and trying to understand the

wonder and beauty of existence. Some people do this by going to a place of

worship or praying. Some people practice yoga or meditation. Some people

go for long walks in nature.

4. In addition, people who think positively by being grateful, mindful, and

optimistic are more likely to be happy. Being grateful means being thankful.

Being mindful means being open to, focusing on, and enjoying the

experiences of the present moment. Being optimistic means being hopeful

about the future.


Adapted from [Link]

51. As discussed in the passage sportuality is about

A. how devotion to region is the source of happiness.

B. how we can lead our life properly.

C. Getting happmess by understanding the beauty of nature.

D. [Link] and knowing more about the environment in which we

live.

52. The writer believes that

A. people always look for happiness in the wrong places.

B. wealth, fame, and power are some of the factors that make us happy.

C. wealth, fame, and power are not necessarily the right sources of

happiness.

D. the sources of happiness do not vary according to individuals.

53. Which one of the following is NOT an aspect of thinking positively?

A. Being concerned about your position

B. Being thankful

C. Enjoying the present experience

D. Expecting good in the future

54. According to the passage:

A. The choice we make are partly responsible for our level of happiness

B. Our genes do not influence our level of happiness.

C. We have no control over the things that make us happy

D. We have control over the things that make us happy


55. Which of the following is NOT the writer's purpose in this passage?

A. advise people that they need to form close relationships in order to be happy.

B. explain why people should be happy in life

C. tell people that they have full control over their happiness.

D. inform people about the choices they have to make themselves happy.

56. The writer of the passage believes that in order to be happy one

A. should have as many friends as possible.

B. should have deeper understanding of friends feeling.

C. should be able to make others accept his/her thoughts.

D. should give priority to the benefits of others.

57. Which one of the following is NOT mentioned as a source of happiness?

A. Mutual respect

B. Material things

C. Helping others

D. Sharing of feelings

58. Based on the passage, which one of the following is NOT a way of practicing spirituality?

A. Engaging in meditation

B. Love to a partner

C. Political leadership

D. Appreciating nature

59. People who do NOT have close relationships are


A. not concerned about happiness in life.

B. happier than those who have.

C. not as happy as those who have.

D. care more about happiness in life.

A: Substi...

DIRECTIONS: Items 61-68 are sentences with one word or phrase underlined.

Each sentence is followed by four alternative answers, A-D. Choose the alternative

that best substitutes the word in bold type in the sentence and blacken the letter

your choice in the space provided on the answer sheet.

61. We need additional fuel to keep the machine in motion, and will stop

suddenly.

A. effect C. movement

B. control D. travel

62. The police are still looking for the murderer who fatally shot three people

and disappeared.

A. contender C. burglar

B. killer D. loser

63. His job is to guide invited guests to their seats in the hall.

A. attention C. focus

B. responsibility D. position

64. The patient who was in an accident remained immobile on the stretcher for

about two hours.


A. helpless C. motionless

B. restless D. hopeless

65. A father, a mother and children who live together make up a family.

A. form

B. start

C. conserve

D. join

66. They wasted some time at the beginning and now they are under pressure to complete the
work in the time given.

A. tension

B. struggle

C. fever

D. strength

67. The man says that he can beat anybody in a fight, but actually he is a cowardly bully.

A. brave

B. confident

C. dishonest

D. timid

68. The police should heighten the awareness of the community in order to put the rising
criminal acts under control

A. legalize

B. realize

C. materialize

D. raise
DIRECTIONS: Items 69-76 are incomplete sentences. Each sentence is followed by four
alternative answers, A-D. Choose the alternative that best completes the sentence and blacken
the letter of your choice in the space provided on the answer sheet.

69. At the meeting, the Chairman allowed of opinions for participation.

A. description

B. perception

C. instability

D. diversity

70. The government a new program which will help to solve the problem of over flooding during
the rainy season.

A. reflected

B. advanced

C. launched

D. admitted

71. My friend took out a from a bank to buy a house, but

he could not pay it back in time.

A. profit C. payment

B. saving D. loan

72. The newly married couple has just gone to Hawassa for the

A. honeymoon C. visit

B. tour D. lifestyle

73. Although we are facing many problems at present, we should not be


because I am sure that things will become better in the future.

A. pessimistic C. optimistic

B. hopeful D. ridiculous

74. The leader of the party will soon that his party has won the

recent national election.

A. boast C. declare

B. lead D. advance

75. The scene of the plane crash where all the passengers on board the plane lost

their lives was really

A. gigantic C. boring

B. terrifyir D. exhausting

76. I do not need to the mobile numbers of my contacts because I

have them all on my mobile phone.

A. embrace C. illicit

B. memorise D. familiarize

III. Writing

DIRECTIONS: Items 77-94 are related to different aspects of writing. Read each of the questions
carefully and choose the best answer from the alternatives A-D. given. Then blacken the letter
of your choice in the space provided on the answer sheet.

Section One: Word Order

DIRECTIONS: In questions 77-79, the words are given in the wrong order. When put in the right
order, the words form a correct sentence. From the given alternatives, choose the one with the
correct order and blacken the letter of your choice on the separate answer sheet.
77. read/notes/you/to/the/must/your/test

A. You must read your notes to do the test.

B. You must do read the test notes to your.

C. The test notes to read you must your do.

D. Read notes must to your do the test you.

78. they/home/are/today/early/coming

A. Coming are they early today home?

B. Are coming early home today they?

C. Are they coming home early today?

D. They are coming early home today?

79. if/they/have/us/phoned/we/joined/them/had/would

A. We have if would them us had they joined phoned.

B. They would joined them have phoned if had we us.

C. If phoned them would they joined us have we had.

D. They would have joined us if we had phoned them.

Section Two: Word Spelling

DIRECTIONS: For items 80 and 81, choose the word with the correct spelling and blacken the
letter of your choice on the separate answer sheet.

80. A. playright C. approch

B. courageous D. imature

81. A. lisence C. simultaneously

B. accomodate D. forcast
Section Three: Punctuation and Capitalization

DIRECTIONS: For items 82 - 85, choose the best alternative which is written with correct
punctuation and capitalization. Then blacken the letter of your choice in the space provided on
the separate answer sheet.

82. A. We are going to guba to see the great renaissance Dam In September.

B. We are going to guba to see the Great Renaissance Dam in september.

C. We are going to Guba to see the Great Renaissance Dam in September.

D. We are going to Guba to see the great renaissance Dam in september.

83. A. The teacher said Answer the questions in complete sentences."

B. The teacher said. Answer the questions in complete sentences.

C. The teacher said answer the questions in complete sentences.

D. The teacher said, "answer the questions in complete sentences."

84. A. He wanted to find out how the accident occurred?

B. He wanted to find out how the accident occurred.

C. He wanted to find out how the accident occurred!

D. He wanted to find out how the accident occurred

85. She went to the shop and bought, a kilo of sugar, a litre of milk, a kilo of bananas and some
vegetables.

L. She went to the shop and bought, a kilo of sugar a litre of milk a kilo of bananas and some
vegetables.

C. She went to the shop and bought a kilo of sugar a litre of milk a kilo of bananas and some
vegetables.

D. She went to the shop and bought a kilo of sugar, a litre of milk, a kilo of bananas and some
vegetables.

Section Four: Identifying the topic sentence of a paragraph

DIRECTIONS: For items 86 and 87. choose the correct topic sentence of the paragraph given and
blacken the letter of your choice on the separate answer sheet.
There are several reasons why my father is in excellent health condition. First, he is very healthy
because he has stopped smoking cigarettes. He quit smoking because whenever he climbed
stairs, he would stop several times on his way and cough loudly. He also has good health as a
result of stopping eating the wrong kinds of food. Third, he is in good physical shape for he does
a lot of exercise. He swims three times a week at the local gym. In short, my father is in a better
shape than some of his children.

86. A. In short, my father is in a better shape than some of his children.

B. First, he is very healthy because he has stopped smoking cigarettes.

C. There are several reasons why my father is in excellent health condition.

D. He quit smoking because whenever he climbed stairs, he would stop several times on his way
and cough loudly.

Electric cars are the future in the automobile industry. As climate change gets worse,
governments are going to start limiting the number of gasoline cars being produced. The cost of
gas will continue to rise, which will make it harder for people to afford to run gas powered cars.
As battery technology improves, electric cars will be able to travel longer distances and cost less
to buy. Eventually most gas powered cars will be replaced by electric cars.

87 A. Electric cars are the future in the automobile industry.

B. As climate change gets worse, governments are going to start limiting the number of gasoline
cars being produced.

C. Eventually most gas powered cars will be replaced by electric cars.

D. The cost of gas will continue to rise, which will make it harder for people to afford to run gas
powered cars.

Section Five: Letter Writing

DIRECTIONS: Items 88 – 90 are about letter writing. Read each question carefully and choose
the best answer according to the context. Then blacken letter of your choice on the separate
answer sheet.
88. Which of the following is an appropriate opening salutation in informal letter?

A. Dear Dr. Jemal C. Dear Mrs.

B. Dear Mr. Samuel D. Dear Sarah

89. The sentence, “I’m extremely delighted to hear that you are going to join the University next
year” is possibly taken from

A. the body of a formal letter

B. the end of a formal letter

C. the beginning of an informal letter

D. the closing remarks of an informal letter

90. The sender’s address in an informal letter appears

A. near the right margin C. below the closing salutation

B. near the left margin D. below the date

Section Six: Paragraph Coherence

DIRECTIONS: When put in the correct order, the sentences in items 91 – 94 make complete and
coherent paragraphs. From the alternatives A-D given in each case, choose the letter that shows
the correct order of the sentences and blacken the letter of your choice on the separate answer
sheet.

91. a. One problem in relation to city buses is that a bus that should arrive at 7:30 in the
morning may not arrive until 8:00 or later.

b. Unfortunately, many people are often late for work or miss important appointments.

c. Poor public transportation system is a big problem in our city.

d. Moreover, bus drivers often pass up groups of people waiting for the bus at the bus stops.

A. a b c d

B. c a d b
C. b c d a

D. d a c d b

92. a. At the beginning, my elder sister used to go to gymnastics lessons

b. showed me how to do some gymnastics when she practiced at hot

c. Now, I take part in gymnastics practice every Saturday.

d. Thus, gymnastics is very special to me, especially because it is something I share with my
sister.

I started gymnastics when I was six years old and it has been my favourite hobby since then.

A. d b a c C. a a c b

B. b c d a D. d b c

93. a. Similarly, smoking is linked to other lung diseases such as bronc

b. The link between smoking and cancer is well known.

c. Furthermore, there is substantial research evidence that even pas

d. smoking can have long term effects on health.

In addition to lung diseases, smokers have a greater risk of heart disease later in life

A. a a c d C. b a d c

B. b d a a D. c a b d

94. a. Some people move to find better jobs.

b. Others want to move to a place with a lower cost of living.

c. There are many reasons why people go to other places to live.

d. Still others want to move to a place with less crime.

A. a d b c C. d a b c

B. a d b c D. a b d c
BOOKLET CODE: 028

IV. Communicative Activities

DIRECTIONS: Items 95-120 are presented in the form of dialogues. The part said by one of the
speakers is given, and a blank space is left for the other. For each of the blank spaces, four
alternative answers, A-D, are given. Choose the alternative that is the most appropriate to
complete the dialogue and blacken the letter of your choice in the space provided on the
answer sheet.

95. Miriam: What sort of films do you like to watch during your free time?

Sara:

A. I sometimes watch science fiction but I love romantic films.

B. Films are a good pass-time entertainment.

C. My favourite actress is Mulualem.

D. I haven't watched any films for a couple of weeks.

96. Teacher:

Student: Earthquake is one type of natural disaster.

A. Where do natural disasters occur?

B. What do you meant by natural disaster?

C. Give an example of natural disaster.

D. When natural disasters occur in Ethiopia?

97. Tariku:

Barnabas: I think that is what we need in order to get rid of poverty.

A. There are a lot of challenges that our country is facing.

B. We must prevent conflicts and live together peacefully.


C. I do not understand why some people like to cause trouble to others.

D. Many young people are in need of jobs.

98. Seifu: Surely, the internet is not a perfect invention.

Biruk: What do you mean?

Seifu:

A. To put it another way, it has many shortcomings.

B. Using the internet speeds up our work.

C. If you want, I can show you how to use it.

D. The internet is the art of the technology.

99. Father: Please let me know that you have arrived there safely.

Daughter:

A. I will call you as soon as I reach there.

B. I'm sure I will enjoy my flight.

C. I am sure we will be there by this time tomorrow.

D. It is going to be a long journey.

100. Daughter: Are you ready, Mum?

Mother:

A. Yes, we will ready to buy a lot of things.

B. No, there is no one else coming.

C. Yes, I am coming.

D What are you doing there?

101. Gadissa: I'm very much in need of money but I don't know who I can ask.
Gemechu:

A. I asked my elder brother to give me some money but he refused.

B. Why do you need the money

C. Our father might give you soune if you ask him.

D. I think we need to save some of the money that we earn every month.

102. Journalist: Do you think there is enough fish for you to catch every day in this lake?

Fisherman:

A. The lake is home to differcat kinds of fish and other aquatic animals.

B. My livelihood depends on fishing, and I love fishing more than anything else.

C. Most of us who live around here do fishing both for food and sport.

D There are more fishermen nowadays and there aren't enough for everyone.

103. Aman: Talking on the mobile phone is not free from problems.

Abdul: How?

Aman:

A. There may be sudden connection problem.

B. Smart phones are expensive for many people.

C. Everybody has a mobile phone these days.

D. I don't pick up the phone if I don't want to.

104. Dinku: Traffic accidents continue to be real problems in this city.

Fikru:

A. The new roads that are being built in different parts of the city are very wide.

B. Many people use buses because they are cheaper.

C. The population of the city is growing fast and the city is expanding in all directions.

D. Both drivers and pedestrians must be much more careful on the road
105. Farmer 1: Why are we not able to get enough crops from the land recently?

Farmer 2: It is because we have been farming the land for many years without making any
changes on it

Farmer 3:

A. We should continue to work as hard as we used to.

B. We always work very hard but we do not produce enough.

C. We may not even feed our families?

D. Plus the fact that we have never used fertilizers is another cause.

106. Mubarak:

Semir: In my case, there were more primary school teachers than in the secondary school

A. The teachers in my primary school were more helpful than those in my secondary school.

B. The number of teachers in my secondary school was greater than those in my primary school.

C. There are many differences between primary and secondary school teachers.

D. There were many more female teachers than male teachers in my primary school.

107. Father:

Son: But Dad, I have agreed to study with my friends on Saturday.

A. The weekend is approaching, and you must be looking forward to

B. What are you going to do next Saturday?

C. You know that your grandmother loves you very much and talks

about you always.

D. I have decided that you will go and visit your grandmother on

Saturday.

108. Fikirte:
Hilina: I am your friend and I am always ready to do anything that makes

you happy.

A. If you like me, you will go to my parents house with me tomorrow.

B. Is there anything I can do for you?

C. I have some good news to share with you, but don't be in a hurry.

D. Can you guess what I want to do for you?

109. Garoma:

Alambo: I am against all kinds of discrimination.

A. People with disability could be moderate.

B. Disability should not be a reason for discrimination.

C. There are people with disability all over the world.

D. When did you first hear about discrimination?

10. Chairperson: Let us discuss how inflation in our country is affecting our

work.

Participant:

A. There is inflation all over the world and there is a need for global

solution to control it.

B. I think inflation is difficult to control.

C. Excuse me for interrupting but we should first discuss the problems in

our organization.

D. There is no doubt that inflation affects the lives of our citizens in

many ways.

111. Fekadu: Which radio station do you listen to?

Alemu:
A. I didn't listen to any radio programmes these last two days.

B. These days there are many radio programmes to listen to.

C. Radio Fana programmes are my favourite.

D. I am not sure how many radio programmes there are at present..

112. Tesfu: I think we are going to face serious social problems in

Bereket: How?

Tesfu:

A. All of us have a responsibility to tackle our social problems.

B. To give you an idea, there are too many unemployed young people in the city.

C. The solution to our problems is for us to sit together and work towards a common goal.

D. The administration is doing its best to create jobs to reduce the number of unemployed
people.

113. Ahmed: I was very hungry and actually ate a lot at lunch time.

Muhaba:

A. They say hunger is the best sauce.

B. Food has become expensive recently.

C. I and my best friend eat lunch together frequently.

D. I usually can't find a good place to eat.

114. Foreigners

Wolde: Oh, sorry, I don't know. I don't live in this part of the city.

A. Can you tell me where the Capital Hotel is?

B. Excuse me. Do you live near here, if I may ask?

C. Can I talk to you for a minute, please?


D. How long have you been living here?

115. The Chairman: People who live in this Wereda face a lot of problems.

Participant:

A. The awful thing is nobody seems to be concerned about solving any their problems.

B. The population of this Wereda are hardworking.

C. I feel that it is not the best way of problem solving like this in the future, Mr. Chairman.

D. The people of this Wereda have respect for one another.

116. Student: I am sorry but I haven't understood your last point.

Teacher:

A. I don't think you understand.

B. You will have some point about it.

C. Do you have any other questions?

D. Ok. Let me rephrase what I just said.

117. Temesgen: Modern health treatment has become far too expensive these days.

Dilamo:

A. There are more medical doctors nowadays.

B. I have no option but go to a traditional healer because the treatment is less expensive.

C. If you cannot afford to pay you better stay at home.

D. We need to get treatments when we become ill.

118. Duressa: Are you the eldest in your family?

Demitu:

A. My sister is older than me.


B. My brothers are all older than me.

C. I am the youngest of the children of my family.

D. We are a large family with four children.

119. Bikila: Could you tell me where the Federal Ministry of Education building is?

Olani:

A. The Ministry of Education has many offices.

B. It is at Arat Kilo, close to the Miazia 27 Monument

C. Why do you want to know the location?

D. You mean the education beauro of Addis Ababa

120. Sihan: How often do you read in the library?

Shewit:

A. The library is far from my dormitory

B. I don't like reading in the library.

C. I spend most of my evenings reading in the library

D. I like reading at home.

THE END

Common questions

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Individuals can manage indoor air pollution by improving ventilation, choosing low-emission construction materials, and maintaining cleanliness to reduce allergens like dust and fungi. This is important as indoor pollution often exceeds outdoor levels, due to confined spaces trapping pollutants generated from various household and construction materials .

Social relationships influence happiness by providing emotional support, trust, and shared experiences, which are more consistent and fulfilling than material wealth or fame. Wealth and fame often fail to provide lasting happiness as they do not necessarily meet fundamental human needs for connection and acceptance .

Sick building syndrome is characterized by symptoms such as malaise, headache, dizziness, and irritation of mucous membranes, often caused by poorly ventilated environments. It is more common in cities with small, over-furnished houses. The syndrome results from exposure to indoor pollutants like carbon monoxide, formaldehyde, and allergens from construction materials, furnishings, and household products .

Urban settings typically suffer more from indoor pollution due to higher population density, more enclosed and over-furnished spaces, and greater exposure to pollutants from construction, furnishings, and industrial activities. Rural areas generally have better air flow and fewer sources of concentrated indoor pollution .

Spirituality contributes to happiness by providing a framework for individuals to recognize and appreciate the wonder and beauty of existence. Practices like worship, meditation, and nature walks help individuals focus on positivity and mindfulness, essential traits for increasing personal happiness .

The composition of air is notably constant worldwide, consisting of around 79% nitrogen and 21% oxygen, with other gases forming a small fraction. This constancy implies that localized pollution issues are not due to global atmospheric changes but rather specific activities, such as the accumulation of pollutants in closed or poorly-ventilated places causing conditions like the sick building syndrome. It highlights the necessity for local pollution management strategies .

Personal choices significantly impact individual happiness. Choices to foster supportive relationships, engage spiritually, and practice gratitude and mindfulness lead to greater happiness than those pursuing material wealth or fame. Such choices align with fulfilling fundamental psychological needs .

Key elements of positive thinking include gratitude, mindfulness, and optimism. Gratitude involves thankfulness, mindfulness focuses on present experiences, and optimism holds a hopeful outlook for the future. These elements enhance well-being by fostering a positive mindset that supports mental health and happiness .

Maintaining happiness involves forming quality relationships, engaging in spirituality, and fostering a positive mindset through gratitude and optimism. These contribute to a fulfilled life independent of material achievements and are sustainable practices for long-term well-being .

Although genetics play a role in baseline happiness, conscious choices such as forming meaningful relationships and practicing positivity have significant sway in enhancing happiness over time. This suggests a balance of leveraging innate dispositions with deliberate actions to optimize well-being .

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