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MTL 122: Real & Complex Analysis Exercises

This document is a tutorial sheet for the MTL 122 Real and Complex Analysis course for Semester-II, 2025-2026, containing a series of mathematical problems and proofs related to metric spaces, convergence, continuity, and properties of functions and sequences. It includes tasks such as demonstrating the density of dyadic rationals in real numbers, exploring properties of sequences in metric spaces, and examining the continuity of functions on subsets. The problems are designed to deepen understanding of real and complex analysis concepts.

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6 views1 page

MTL 122: Real & Complex Analysis Exercises

This document is a tutorial sheet for the MTL 122 Real and Complex Analysis course for Semester-II, 2025-2026, containing a series of mathematical problems and proofs related to metric spaces, convergence, continuity, and properties of functions and sequences. It includes tasks such as demonstrating the density of dyadic rationals in real numbers, exploring properties of sequences in metric spaces, and examining the continuity of functions on subsets. The problems are designed to deepen understanding of real and complex analysis concepts.

Uploaded by

harshamoyya2
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

MTL 122 Real and Complex Analysis

Semester-II, 2025-2026
Tutorial Sheet 2

1. Let (X, d) be a metric space and Y ⊆ X. Let Y denotes the closure of Y in (X, d). We say Y is
dense in (X, d) if Y = X. Show that dyadic rationals are dense in (R, |.|).
2. Let (X, d1 ) and (Y, d2 ) be two metric spaces. Let X × Y be endowed with the product metric. Let
(xn )n≥1 ⊆ X and (yn )n≥1 ⊆ Y be two sequences. Then show that the sequence ((xn , yn ))n≥1 ⊆
X × Y converges to (x, y) ∈ X × Y if and only if xn → x in X and yn → y in Y .
3. Show that (C[0, 1], d∞ ) is separable (i.e., it has a countable dense subset).
4. Let (X, d) be a metric space. Then show that {(x, x)| x ∈ X} is closed in X × X with respect to the
product metric.
5. Prove/disprove : B(x, r) = B[x, r].
6. Let (X, ||.||) be a normed linear space. Show that, if U is open then x + U is also open for any x ∈ X.
Hence, A + U is also open for any A ⊆ X. Show that any vector subspace Y is also open in X. Are
they bounded?
7. Let F := {(xn ) ∈ l∞ : xn = 0 for all but finitely many n}. Is F closed? Open? Neither?
1 1
8. Show that {(xn ) ∈ l2 : |xn | ≤ n ∀ n ≥ 1} is a closed set in l2 , but {(xn ) ∈ l2 : |xn | < n ∀ n ≥ 1} is
not open in l2 .
(k)
9. Let (x(k) )k≥1 be a sequence in l∞ such that x(k) = (xn )n≥1 for each k ∈ N. Suppose (x(k) )k≥1
(k)
converges to x = (xn )n≥1 ∈ l∞ as k → ∞. Then show that (xn )k≥1 converges to xn as k → ∞ for
each n. Does the converse hold?
10. Let (xn )n≥1 be a sequence in a discrete metric space. When does (xn )n≥1 converge? (Classify all
convergent sequences in a discrete metric space).
11. Let (xn )n≥1 be a sequence in a metric space (X, d). Consider the set Em := {xn : n ≥ m} ⊆ X.
Then show that (xn )n≥1 is Cauchy if and only if lim diam(Em ) = 0.
m→∞

12. Let (X, d) be a metric space. If a Cauchy sequence (xn )n≥1 in X has a convergent subsequence then
show that the sequence (xn )n≥1 itself is convergent.
13. Let A and B be subsets of a metric space (X, d), and let f : X → R be a function. Prove or disprove
that if f is continuous on the subsets A and B both, then f is continuous on A ∪ B. If the statement
is not true in general, what modifications are necessary to make it true?
14. Let (X, d) be a metric space and X × X be endowed with the product metric. Let f : X → X be a
continuous function. Show that G := {(x, f (x)) : x ∈ X} ⊆ X × X is closed.
15. Let x = (xn )n≥1 ∈ l∞ , define f : l∞ → R by f (x) = xn for some fixed n ∈ N. Is f continuous?
16. Let R be endowed with the Euclidean metric and (X, d) be a metric space. Let A be a bounded
subset in R. Show that if f : R → X is a uniformly continuous function, then f (A) is a bounded
subset in X. What if we assume f to be continuous only?
 
1
17. Let f : (0, ∞) → R be defined by f (x) := x sin . Prove that f is uniformly continuous.
x
18. Let (X, d) be a pseudo-metric space. Define a relation on X by
x ∼ y ⇐⇒ d(x, y) = 0.
Prove that ∼ is an equivalence relation on X. Let [x] denotes the equivalence class of x and X ∗ =
{[x] : x ∈ X}. Prove that d∗ is a metric on X, where d∗ is defined as
d∗ ([x], [y]) := d(x, y).

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